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− | + | The [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] movement began in 16th-century Switzerland, [[Germany|Germany]], and The [[Netherlands|Netherlands]]. However, by 1988 Mennonites had fanned out into 57 countries of the world and are represented on every continent. These world Mennonite population shifts are of great interest to demographers who like to trace population trends, taking into account such changes as births, deaths, and [[Migrations|migration]] (immigration and emigration). The Mennonite World Conference surveys are not always as complete as one would like, but the 1984 data show interesting demographic patterns. | |
Mennonite Distribution. Table 1 shows that in 1984 about three-fourths of a million (723,747) Mennonites were located on six continents. Almost half of these were located in [[North America|North America]] (46.1 percent), an d the other half were located fairly evenly on four continents including Asia (113, 504), [[Africa|Africa]] (107,221), Europe (92,368) and Latin America (76,936). Only 12 Mennonites were located in Australia. These are adult membership figures; if younger unbaptized offspring were included, these fi gures would likely double. | Mennonite Distribution. Table 1 shows that in 1984 about three-fourths of a million (723,747) Mennonites were located on six continents. Almost half of these were located in [[North America|North America]] (46.1 percent), an d the other half were located fairly evenly on four continents including Asia (113, 504), [[Africa|Africa]] (107,221), Europe (92,368) and Latin America (76,936). Only 12 Mennonites were located in Australia. These are adult membership figures; if younger unbaptized offspring were included, these fi gures would likely double. | ||
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See also [[Sociological Studies|Sociological Studies;]] [[Statistics|Statistics]]; [[Urbanization|Urbanization]]. | See also [[Sociological Studies|Sociological Studies;]] [[Statistics|Statistics]]; [[Urbanization|Urbanization]]. | ||
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= Bibliography = | = Bibliography = | ||
Kraybill, Paul N., ed. <em>Mennonite World Handbook</em>. Lombard, IL: Mennonite World Conference, 1978. | Kraybill, Paul N., ed. <em>Mennonite World Handbook</em>. Lombard, IL: Mennonite World Conference, 1978. | ||
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Mennonite World Conference [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/ website] | Mennonite World Conference [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/ website] | ||
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{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, pp. 223-226|date=1988|a1_last=Driedger|a1_first=Leo|a2_last= |a2_first= }} | {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, pp. 223-226|date=1988|a1_last=Driedger|a1_first=Leo|a2_last= |a2_first= }} |
Revision as of 19:42, 20 August 2013
The Anabaptist movement began in 16th-century Switzerland, Germany, and The Netherlands. However, by 1988 Mennonites had fanned out into 57 countries of the world and are represented on every continent. These world Mennonite population shifts are of great interest to demographers who like to trace population trends, taking into account such changes as births, deaths, and migration (immigration and emigration). The Mennonite World Conference surveys are not always as complete as one would like, but the 1984 data show interesting demographic patterns.
Mennonite Distribution. Table 1 shows that in 1984 about three-fourths of a million (723,747) Mennonites were located on six continents. Almost half of these were located in North America (46.1 percent), an d the other half were located fairly evenly on four continents including Asia (113, 504), Africa (107,221), Europe (92,368) and Latin America (76,936). Only 12 Mennonites were located in Australia. These are adult membership figures; if younger unbaptized offspring were included, these fi gures would likely double.
DEMOGRAPHY
Compiler: Leo Driedger (author of the article) and Sam Steiner (2003 figures)
Table 1. Distribution of Mennonites
of the World by Continents, 1984 & 2003
(To sort the table click on a heading)
Continents | Countries
with Mennonites 1984 | Countries
with Mennonites 2003 | Mennonite
Membership 1984 | % of All
Mennonites 1984 | Mennonite
Membership 2003 | % of All
Mennonites 2003 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North America | 2 | 2 | 333704 | 46.1 | 451180 | 34.8 |
Europe | 13 | 13 | 92368 | 12.7 | 53272 | 4.1 |
Latin America* | 23 | 23 | 76938 | 10.7 | 133150 | 10.3 |
Asia | 7 | 10 | 113504 | 15.7 | 208105 | 16.0 |
11 | 16 | 107201 | 14.8 | 451959 | 34.8 | |
Australia | 1 | 1 | 12 | 0.0 | 50 | 0.0 |
57 | 65 | 723,747 | 100.0 | 1,297,716 | 100.0 |
°Includes Caribbean countries
Source: Mennonite World Conference map, 1984; Mennonite World Conference website, 2005. Although the table has been updated, the commentary remains that of the 1988 article.
In 1984 only about one eighth (92,368; 12.7 percent) of the Mennonites of the world lived in Europe, the place of Anabaptist origins. The majority of the European Mennonites were located in the Soviet Union (55,000; 7.6 percent). The 20,000 Mennonites in The Netherlands (2.8 percent) were the second largest group in Europe, one of the two Mennonite groups with continuous links to their 16th-century origins. Mennonites in West Germany numbered 11,688 (1.6 percent), and only 2,750 Mennonites remained in Switzerland (.4 percent), the other country with a history of unbroken Anabaptist and Mennonite presence. Many emigrated from the original Anabaptist centers in central Europe which resulted in loss of potential for growth.
Almost half of all Mennonites lived in North America (46.1 percent), in United States (232,192) and Canada (101,512). Most of them are descendants of Mennonite immigrants from Europe. The first Mennonites came to America 300 years ago, and to Canada 200 years ago. A large number of Mennonites arrived in both countries in the 1870s, and more immigrants came to Canada in the 1920s and 1950s, mostly from the Soviet Union. In 1984 one-third of all Mennonites lived in the United States (32.1 percent), and the second largest number lived in Canada (14.0 percent).
The 76,938 Mennonites living in 23 countries of Latin America in 1984 represented 10.7 percent of all Mennonites. The largest number (31,161 or 4.3 percent) were descendants of those who went to Mexico in the 1920s from Canada; the 13,939 Mennonites living in Paraguay (1.9 percent) were descendants of later immigrants from both Canada an d Europe, including the Soviet Union. Mennonites in the other Latin American countries represented small minorities, some who came as immigrants, and others who were converts of mission outreach. Thus, about two-thirds of the Mennonites in Latin America were also descendants of the original European Anabaptists.
The 113,504 Mennonites in seven countries of Asia represented 15.7 percent of all Mennonites in 1984. The two oldest and also largest groups of Mennonites resided in Indonesia (62,911 or 8.7 percent) and India (43,998 or 6.1 percent) representing the fourth- and sixth-largest groups in the world respectively. These Mennonites were the outgrowth of late 19th-century and 20th-century mission outreach, rather than immigration. The same is true of the comparatively small groups of Mennonites in the other five Asian countries.
In Africa, the 66,408 members in Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo) represented about two-thirds of all Mennonites in the 11 countries, and in 1984 Zaire Mennonites were the third-largest group in the world representing 9.2 percent of all Mennonites. Tanzania, the country with the second-largest Mennonite population in Africa, ranked tenth in the world, but the 13,614 Mennonites there represented only 1.9 percent of all Mennonites. Demographic trends suggested that the growth potential for Mennonites in Africa was great.
Population Growth. What is the potential for the future increase or decrease of the Mennonite population in the various parts of the world? Demographers work with four factors: births and immigration which increase population growth, and deaths and emigration, which decrease the population. Since the Mennonites are an ethno-religious group, two other factors, recruitment and assimilation, enter the equation. Evangelism will add to the numbers, and assimilation will subtract from the population. Data for longer periods of time is not as readily available as might be desired, but some tentative observations and projections can be made.
With respect to births and deaths, industrial countries tend to have low birth and low death rates. This applies to Mennonites in North America and Europe. Small families and better medical care will tend to keep both birth and deaths down, so that population will stabilize. However, in developing countries of Africa and Asia, where birth rates are high, and death rates are beginning to decrease, Mennonite population will likely grow considerably in the future by natural increase. Migration, the other change factor, was important when Mennonites left Europe in large numbers and migrated to North America and South America, decreasing the Mennonite numbers in Europe and adding to growth in the Americas. In the future migrations will most likely not be as important.
Evangelism has greatly increased the Indonesian Mennonite population in recent decades, and Mennonite World Conference projections suggest that it is also an important factor in Africa, especially the Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire), where Mennonite numbers have escalated since 1984. More study is needed to help decide whether the minimal growth in Europe is due to continued out-migration, lack of evangelism, and assimilation, now that birth and death rates are low. The available data suggest that the proportion of world Mennonites will decline in Europe, hold steady in North America, and increase in South America and especially Africa in the next several decades.
DEMOGRAPHY
Compiler: Leo Driedger (author of the article) and Sam Steiner (2003 figures)
Table 2. Mennonite Population by
Continents and Countries, 1984 & 2003
(To sort the table click on a heading)
Continent | Country | World
Rank 1984 | World
Rank 2003 | Mennonite
Membership 1984 | % of All
Mennonites 1984 | Mennonite
Membership 2003 | % of All
Mennonites 2003 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
North America | 1 | 1 | 232192 | 32.1 | 323329 | 24.9 | |
North America | 2 | 3 | 101512 | 14.0 | 127851 | 9.9 | |
Europe | Russia / CIS | 5 | 22 | 55000 | 7.6 | 5000 | .4 |
Europe | 8 | 18 | 20200 | 2.8 | 11000 | .8 | |
Europe | West Germany / Germany | 11 | 8 | 11688 | 1.6 | 31677 | 2.4 |
Europe | Switzerland | 19 | 31 | 2750 | .4 | 2500 | .2 |
Europe | France | 26 | 34 | 2000 | .3 | 2050 | .2 |
Europe | East Germany | 40 | 99 | 244 | .0 | see Germany | .0 |
Europe | 41 | 50 | 185 | .0 | 300 | .0 | |
Europe | 43 | 58 | 105 | .0 | 110 | .0 | |
Europe | 47 | 64 | 73 | .0 | 35 | .0 | |
Europe | Italy | 48 | 51 | 66 | .0 | 258 | .0 |
Europe | 51 | 54 | 33 | .0 | 160 | .0 | |
Europe | United Kingdom | 53 | 57 | 15 | .0 | 112 | .0 |
Europe | Ireland | 56 | 65 | 9 | .0 | 15 | .0 |
Europe | 99 | 61 | 0 | .0 | 55 | .0 | |
Latin America | 7 | 13 | 31161 | 4.3 | 19688 | 1.5 | |
Latin America | 9 | 11 | 13939 | 2.0 | 27693 | 2.1 | |
Latin America | 13 | 15 | 6203 | .9 | 13275 | 1.0 | |
Latin America | 17 | 20 | 4750 | .7 | 8262 | .6 | |
Latin America | 18 | 12 | 2850 | .4 | 20716 | 1.6 | |
Latin America | 22 | 29 | 2633 | .4 | 2910 | .2 | |
Latin America | 23 | 26 | 2591 | .4 | 3575 | .3 | |
Latin America | 25 | 19 | 2412 | .3 | 9275 | .7 | |
Latin America | Dominican Republic | 27 | 23 | 1800 | .2 | 4626 | .4 |
Latin America | 28 | 21 | 1789 | .2 | 6673 | .5 | |
Latin America | 29 | 24 | 1576 | .2 | 4448 | .3 | |
Latin America | 31 | 38 | 971 | .1 | 1220 | .1 | |
Latin America | 32 | 47 | 909 | .1 | 540 | .0 | |
Latin America | 33 | 37 | 900 | .1 | 1265 | .1 | |
Latin America | Costa Rica | 35 | 30 | 850 | .1 | 2719 | .2 |
Latin America | 36 | 99 | 400 | .1 | 0 | .0 | |
Latin America | 37 | 43 | 400 | .1 | 750 | .1 | |
Latin America | 39 | 44 | 385 | .1 | 731 | .1 | |
Latin America | Venezuela | 45 | 46 | 85 | .0 | 704 | .1 |
Latin America | 46 | 48 | 75 | .0 | 535 | .0 | |
Latin America | 49 | 56 | 44 | .0 | 130 | .0 | |
Latin America | 52 | 41 | 15 | .0 | 810 | .1 | |
Latin America | 57 | 33 | NA | .0 | 2070 | .2 | |
Latin America | 99 | 49 | 0 | .0 | 515 | .0 | |
Asia | 4 | 6 | 62911 | 8.7 | 71302 | 5.5 | |
Asia | 6 | 4 | 43998 | 6.1 | 127348 | 9.8 | |
Asia | Japan | 20 | 28 | 2710 | .4 | 3292 | .3 |
Asia | 24 | 32 | 2500 | .3 | 2437 | .2 | |
Asia | 30 | 35 | 1200 | .2 | 1678 | .1 | |
Asia | Vietnam | 42 | 39 | 150 | .0 | 1100 | .1 |
Asia | 50 | 59 | 35 | .0 | 90 | .0 | |
Asia | Nepal | 99 | 42 | 0 | .0 | 750 | .1 |
Asia | Singapore | 99 | 63 | 0 | .0 | 48 | .0 |
Asia | South Korea | 99 | 60 | 0 | .0 | 60 | .0 |
Zaire / Dem. Rep. Congo | 3 | 2 | 66408 | 9.2 | 194119 | 15.0 | |
Africa | 10 | 7 | 13614 | 1.9 | 50000 | 3.9 | |
Africa | 12 | 5 | 7000 | 1.0 | 98025 | 7.6 | |
Africa | 14 | 14 | 6000 | .8 | 15374 | 1.2 | |
Africa | 15 | 10 | 5184 | .7 | 29213 | 2.3 | |
Africa | 16 | 16 | 5000 | .7 | 11373 | .9 | |
Africa | 21 | 9 | 2653 | .4 | 31556 | 2.4 | |
Africa | 34 | 25 | 854 | .1 | 4101 | .3 | |
Africa | 38 | 17 | 395 | .0 | 11176 | .9 | |
Africa | 44 | 99 | 100 | .0 | 0 | .0 | |
Africa | Upper Volta | 54 | 99 | 13 | .0 | 0 | .0 |
Africa | Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) | 99 | 36 | 0 | .0 | 1300 | .1 |
Africa | 99 | 27 | 0 | .0 | 3500 | .3 | |
Africa | 99 | 40 | 0 | .0 | 950 | .1 | |
Africa | 99 | 45 | 0 | .0 | 718 | .1 | |
Africa | Burkino Faso | 99 | 52 | 0 | .0 | 230 | .0 |
Africa | Namibia | 99 | 53 | 0 | .0 | 180 | .0 |
Africa | Togo | 99 | 55 | 0 | .0 | 144 | .0 |
Australia | Australia | 55 | 62 | 12 | .0 | 50 | .0 |
Totals | | | 723,474 | 100% | 1,297,716 | 100.00 |
Source: Mennonite World Conference map, 1984; Mennonite World Conference website, 2005. Although the table has been updated, the commentary remains that of the 1988 article.
See also Sociological Studies; Statistics; Urbanization.
Bibliography
Kraybill, Paul N., ed. Mennonite World Handbook. Lombard, IL: Mennonite World Conference, 1978.
Mennonite World Handbook Supplement. Strasbourg, France, and Lombard, IL: Mennonite World Conference, 1984
Shelly, David. "World Membership Now 774,000." Mennonite Weekly Review (30 October 1986): 1.
Cf. Courier 1, no. 4 (1986): 9 and Mennonite World Conference directory insert; Courier 2 no. 2 (1987): 9.
Mennonite World Conference website
Author(s) | Leo Driedger |
---|---|
Date Published | 1988 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Driedger, Leo. "Demography." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1988. Web. 4 Sep 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Demography&oldid=87050.
APA style
Driedger, Leo. (1988). Demography. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 4 September 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Demography&oldid=87050.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, pp. 223-226. All rights reserved.
©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.