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of some families who arrived from the United States, along with many more recent immigrants from the Soviet Union. The latter first came to Canada in the

Conference article. Other changes that indicate the new interpretation of nonconformity among the major Mennonite bodies in recent decades include the use

assimilation have subtly gone on and gradual changes took place even though the significance of these changes has often not been recognized until long after

Beachy Amish, about 83 percent were Old Order Amish. "New Order Amish," a recent development, and Beachy Amish make up the other congregations. Amish baptized

At the same time a portion of the Berne group which had opposed various changes in the life of the church, and who had been having separate services for

was an apostate form of Christianity. This has changed slightly in the later 20th century. Internal changes in Catholicism are responsible in part; the Mennonite

Democratic Republic of the Congo, followed by about 90% of the population. Recent figures show that 55% are Roman Catholic and 35% are Protestant, with Animism

strict manner of life. The group was very conservative and very slow to make changes in outward forms in dress and in general habits and customs, insisting upon

28:19-20). Doctrinally there have been no major debates or changes at the denominational level in recent years. Local and personal variations in theology are

for the suburbs, the membership has declined in recent years. The makeup of the church has also changed. There is still a core group that has been at the

and cultural changes sustaining this new scientism. Fundamentalism was the militant opposition to modernism in both forms. These changes threatened the

years, and refusing to keep up with the ever-changing styles which T. J. van Braght likened to the changes of the phases of the moon (Martyrs Mirror E 10)

persecution in the 1950s, but has continued. The year 1958 brought political changes to Colombia which resulted in an open door for evangelism and church planting

P. Loomis, John Gillin, Meyer F. Nimkoff, and Earnest W. Burgess. Mores recent scholars have included John A. Hostetler and Donald B. Kraybill. The general

all settlements, although the conditions were not always so generous. In recent times, particularly in America, the charge has been made that the Mennonites

the congregation. That changed in the mid-1970s when the congregation elected a separate chairman. Other organizational changes followed as needed. As

food, dress, music, sports and entertainment. The school reflects these changes as do the churches in the area. Strong emphasis has been placed on the importance

Mennonite community was not insulated from the huge cultural and social changes of the post-World War II era. Many challenged the traditional attitudes

Testamentserläuterung of much the same time). He was the leader of a strong group, as the recent discovery of some 42 letters by him (found in a Bern library) attests. As

Kleine Gemeinde changed its name to Evangelical Mennonite Church in 1952 and to Evangelical Mennonite Conference (EMC) in 1960. Recent research in Kleine

Supper. Basically they remained the same throughout the centuries. The changes which took place pertained to the form and circumstances of observing the

kneeling posture as did their descendants in Canada and the United States until recent times. Kneeling is still practiced by such groups as the Amish and the Old

more recent Mennonite immigrants from Russia are predominant, the old system still prevailed into the 1950s, although it was apparent that a change was

Mennonite settlements established voluntarily has been related. The most recent chapter deals with the information pertaining to Mennonite movements to

He spent considerable time in visiting local families, many of whom were recent immigrants from Europe. The earliest outreach efforts focused on providing

cases, because of local pressure, the meetings have been discontinued. A recent letter reports that a Mennonite baptismal service was stopped when the police

make the cemetery more familiar, a cemetery walk booklet was produced. Changes to the building were made in 1950 and 1980 -- the latter included an enclosed

significant side-effects and related changes. In the major groups, and some of the minor ones as well, these changes have produced a significantly different

neighbouring regions were in a state of dynamic flux. The result of the changes was the ascendancy of High German and a separate literary Dutch language

and mainland China, other south-east Asian countries, India, and in more recent years, from South America. Both provincial Mennonite conferences focused

the first half of the 20th century the CGC faced a number of demanding changes: going through the transition from German to English; facing the compulsory

after the Russian Revolution of 1917 the Settlement underwent the same changes as other communities. In the immediate vicinity of the settlement the Bashkir

Since there has also been a shift in recent decades from conference to congregational control, the amount of change varied from congregation to congregation

photocopying, laser printing, and other computer-generated technologies. These recent technologies have raised many questions even though they have been commonly

and on Mennonites throughout the world, could have been reason enough. In recent research on the history of the Reformation, it has become quite typical

and indeed all pre-baptismal instruction as dangerous formalism, but in recent decades has instituted regular instruction and probation. Those transferring

and Dutch (3.3%). A major factor in the growth of Canada's population in recent years has been immigration, especially from Asia and the Middle East. In

eventually becoming a Reformed minister. Ill and distraught over his wife’s recent death, Joris died on 25 August 1556. He was buried in St. Leonard’s Church

Sunday school. The main sanctuary was decreased in size considerably. In more recent years the church has been revitalized, with an active outreach into the

which represented respectively the Mennonites of the eastern United States, recent immigrants from Russia, and missionary interests. Thus the Bundesbote became

effect requiring some form of alternative civilian or noncombatant service. A recent survey of American Mennonites found that only 69 percent would adopt a CO

Rowland's World Dominion Press book, Church planting (n.d.). The term has in recent decades come back into common usage under the influence of the Church Growth

but working with it in matters of mutual interest such as relief and the recent CPS program, were a number of congregations generally known as "Conservative

in India, war in Europe, revolution in Russia -- that brought sweeping changes in the church's relation to society and state. Early in the 20th century

most European Mennonites, including those who had immigrated from Europe in recent decades. The practice was found also among some conservative congregations

double handful of water, then to pouring a single handful, and finally in recent times to having the minister moisten his fingers in the baptismal dish and

which the gospel works to change other structures. Central to the convictions of this new order is the way of suffering love Recent biblical theology has also

restless class of miners (Bergknappen), always eager to promote social changes. His sermons were attended allegedly by 2,000 hearers even though Allstedt

1767 or shortly after, Ouddorp earlier), but others sheltered orphans until recent times: Zaandam until about 1900, and De Rijp until 1912. The Amsterdam orphanage

published in 1892-93 an almost exhaustive account of Anabaptism in Tyrol. Recent research by several Innsbruck historians (e.g., Widmoser, Kolb) has added

missionary image. Other smaller Mennonite groups and numerous congregations in recent decades have similarly de-emphasized or even dropped the Mennonite label

disappeared, to be replaced by professional pastors. Pastors, in this most recent model, are hired to serve as the leaders of those who have hired them. Their

1940s there were growing numbers within Fundamentalism who were calling for changes -- not so much in basic theology as in mood. Carl F. H. Henry (the first

Mennonites (Church of God in Christ, Mennonite), changing courtship customs are evident. Until recent decades, courtship was restricted by limitations

have been kept free of government money--and intervention. However, in more recent years all capital costs have become the responsibility of MBS, with government

Jan. The Drama of the Martyrs: From the Death of Jesus Christ up to the Recent Times. Lancaster, Pa. : Mennonite Historical Associates, 1975. Luycken,

been forced to wait several months in Buenos Aires or Asunción. The most recent Mennonite settlements in Paraguay were founded in 1948 by fellow believers

Since then, several extensive renovations have been completed, the most recent in 2019. The new facility has served as the landlord for the Mennonite Education

should they look to alternate means, such as increased home services? In recent years Mennonites have put little money into brick and mortar, and have instead

histories of Lancaster Conference tell this story in some detail. The most recent and most detailed, The Earth Is the Lord's by John L. Ruth, appeared in

Almost all congregations that have installed organs for the first time in recent decades have purchased electronic instruments, usually because of low cost

Church was planted by the BC Conference of MB Churches in Sardis in 2000. Recent developments include the planting in 2008 of the Rosedale Mennonite Church

original residents were interested in making a transition to English whereas recent post-World War II immigrants wanted to retain the German. Consequently First

relief, and missions. The more radical aspects of love which deal with changes in the social and economic structures he largely rejected. At most such

of ministry. During the course of the 20th century several significant changes occurred which brought crises to some who gave themselves to the service

directly counter to the essential Anabaptist position. The difficulty some recent Mennonite theologians have had in reconciling the Old Testament ethic with

basic contents of the Bible and the Christian truth is of comparatively recent origin. The Mennonites of the Dutch-Prussian-Russian tradition did this

latter's grandson, another Conrad Grebel, became burgomaster in 1669. A recent member of the Supreme Court of the canton of Zürich was Dr. Hans von Grebel

popularity of Dietrich Bonhoeffer's The cost of discipleship. A number of recent books by Mennonite authors on the Sermon on the Mount have appeared, including

roots of the modern worldview appear to lie in social and intellectual changes of the 12th and 13th centuries, as the rural-centered, feudal society gave

had been unable to provide earlier. For a time in the 1950s, students or recent graduates of Mennonite Biblical Seminary, then located in Chicago, served

comprised both of former refugees and new people brought to faith in Christ. In recent years they too have sought out fellow believers who have gone elsewhere

Fr. Nove prispevky k dejinam Habanov na Slovensku. Bratislava, 1937. ("Recent Research about the Habaners in Slovakia"; this work reprints excerpts of

circles reflecting the gradual adoption of common Protestant traditions. Changes such as the above occurred earlier in some General Conference Mennonite

few months later the congregation received the greatest blow of its entire recent existence. Because of personal affairs of the pastor, who resigned from

demographers who like to trace population trends, taking into account such changes as births, deaths, and migration (immigration and emigration). The Mennonite

tying comforters, embroidering tea towels, and preparing school kits. In recent years Women’s Ministries has extended its services to women by offering

million in the 1950s. In it lived approximately 5,500 Mennonites, many of them recent converts in the Mennonite Church (MC) or the United Missionary Church (UMC)

began services in 1970, a year after a Sunday School had been organized for recent Mexican Mennonite immigrants of Dutch/North German cultural identity. The

elective and non-elective political offices, something needed to be done. In recent decades the problem has become even more urgent as Mennonites in various

and a strong peace and justice witness through the years, with the most recent effort to help plant a Hmong Mennonite Church in 1997. Arvada Mennonite

Brethren (more in Switzerland), and the followers of Pilgram Marpeck. As the recent doctoral dissertation, Pilgram Marpeck, sein Kreis und seine Theologie (University

was still common, as in the Niagara peninsula of Ontario, it was mostly recent immigrants from South America and Mexico who kept it alive. In North America

Experience. Mennonites have seldom studied farming in the schools, except in recent decades and in small numbers. Nor was it unusual Mennonite wealth which

disaffected Mennonites to Eighth Street, including those alienated by the recent closing and reorganization of the college. Membership grew to 251 by 1928

family units as well as contract pickers, again mostly Indo-Canadians. In recent years Mexican farm workers have come as far north as the Fraser Valley and

source of temptation which would lead to sin. In recent years, however, these attitudes are changing and the church is beginning to affirm the goodness

provincial and national politics than Mennonites have ever been anywhere. In recent elections from 3-10 Mennonites have stood for provincial offices while 15

is expressed in each individual national movement and how this doctrine changes in the course of time. In the past nationalism was often seen as a cultural

doctors, and ministers have traditionally been considered professionals. In recent years, however, a multitude of other occupations have vied for professional

Pietismus-forschung (Darmstadt, 1977). These are only select samples of many recent titles. The strong interest in Pietism in Germany began after World War

evening services in German at Preston Mennonite Church (for the benefit of recent immigrants), he and Iva joined that congregation. When these services were

understanding of the social problems created by their elimination. Only in recent years have non-Western Mennonite churches begun to reevaluate their rites

rational scrutiny and considered of secondary significance. Thus the picture changes almost to the opposite of the earlier century. Rationalists and pietists

membership as a result of recent actions within Mennonite Church USA regarding sexuality. Later in 2014 the congregation changed its name to Stuarts Draft

classic of Christological formulas and his description of ecclesiological changes symbolized by Constantine. For example, where Yoder said only that the narrative

investigated. Four-part singing in Mennonite congregations is also of a rather recent date. It started with the introduction of handcopied collections of songs

Essays as well as in numerous autobiographical essays he published in later recent years. He wrote, "Mennonite convictions go to the deepest levels of my sense

biographies appeared, written by C. Harder (1846) and B. C. Roosen (1848). A recent German biography, with a theological interpretation of the views of Menno

cultures (German and French) ideally adapted it. -- Neff The results of recent research on 16th-century Anabaptism in the Basel area might be summarized

subsequent East/West confrontation during the "Cold War" era, including the more recent challenge of pluralism, including religious pluralism. Second, Mennonites

River. The settlement grew slowly at first, but has had a healthy growth in recent years. The Amish Church has continued since the founding of the settlement

amid the turbulence of the post-World War II era, with the strain of the recent traumatic experiences and also its exuberant hope for a better future. For

still missed. Noticing that no food had been provided for participants in a recent denominational meeting, he declared, "This lack of food makes me think of

The remaining mem­bers joined the Uffhofen congregation. Wilhelm Niepoth's recent research has shown that some of the Palatine Mennonites stem, not from Switzerland

thrust, but the references to Marx were seen as incidental. Even in the more recent examination of liberation theologies, Anabaptist thinkers have tended to

(FASD) and creating employment through social enterprises are two of the more recent initiatives. Communitas is also committed to working collaboratively with

themselves to use such tactics as long as they do not cause harm to people. In recent decades, organized nonviolent direct action has been proposed by some theorists

Cyril, Theophylactus, Eusebius, the Corpus juris Canonica; but the more recent authorities were also used by him, in the first place the great Humanist

became fairly common among Mennonites in general in Europe, although in recent decades its use has greatly declined in South Germany, Switzerland, and

ownership of the church building and the parsonage to the Sharing Community. In recent years the congregation has numbered approximately 200 people who live throughout

appreciable drawing together of the groups as a whole because of this, either in recent times or earlier. Barclay, Robert. Apology for the True Christian Divinity

connections cannot be made glibly since democratic governments are a relatively recent historical phenomenon. Furthermore the allied benefits of democratic practice

also enjoyed storytelling.   The Loewen family suffered many losses and changes in the Civil War following the Russian Revolution of 1917. Their property

it was organized. All of the Emden ministers belonged to it; until most recent times they had all come from Holland. Some of them had studied in the Lamist

decision-making power and authority was often centralized in strong leaders. in recent decades the democratic patterns of government prevalent in society have

still attracts significant elements of the Mennonite population. The more recent work of another systematic theologian, Gordon D. Kaufman, represents the

Later that year, Hope Mennonite Fellowship officially formalized membership changes, causing the number of members at Garbers to decline to around 70. The two

1957 the group had a membership of 141. The change from the German language to the English took place in recent years. After World War II the congregation

to establish "foreign missions at home," that is, missions aimed toward recent immigrants from eastern Europe and other ethnic minorities in the large

them financially in settings which facilitate transcultural learning. In recent years it has cooperated in a medical component of the China Educational

so long despised, now attracted the scholar. "Thanks to the research of recent years," wrote Adolf Harnack (Lehrbuch der Dogmengeschichte III, 1910, 772)

from membership as a result of recent actions within Mennonite Church USA regarding sexuality. The church also changed its name to Lambert Community Church

or close association. The literary production among Mennonite writers in recent years, and the development of a Mennonite literary criticism, has superseded

Mennonite Publishing House, 1932. See the Mennonite Directory 2001 for more recent lists of these organizations. Mennonite Mutual Aid MLA style Fretz, J. Winfield

and leadership skills (e.g., problem solving and conflict management). In recent years there has been a renewed interest in developing a disciplined and

raised in the Rockhill Mennonite congregation, Telford, Pennsylvania, and a recent graduate of Eastern Mennonite College, moved with his wife Alice to Centereach

line with what it considered to be proper biblical positions. While many changes occurred during these decades, what remained constant was an aggressive

organization, such as the church, the Board of Missions, etc. Of recent years the committee changed its recommendation to the employing organizations in that

may be taken in small amounts, however, chewing fresh seeds is better. In recent years, Amish and Mennonites have engaged in experimental cures for cancer

War, Peace, and Nonresistance (1944) has served the Mennonite church in recent years virtually as a volume on Christian ethics despite its limited scope

Luther, has largely taken Luther’s position against the Schwärmer. The most recent publication of this view has been Heft 6 of Schriften des Theologischen

of the source than the text that will actually be visible. To avoid this, recent versions of the extension allow moving some or all of the references into

movement into more urban areas. With radical changes in agriculture, the appearance of Mennonite farmsteads changed. Many special-purpose small farm buildings

tradition is let go." More congregations have introduced instruments in recent decades. One church leader estimated that in 1988 about 50 percent of Mennonite

of the Anabaptist." Church History IX (1940): 341-65. Friedmann, Robert. "Recent Interpretation of Anabaptism." Church History XXIV (1955): 132-51. Kühn

The word humor does not appear in Mennonite bibliographies until recent times. Early Mennonite teaching on holiness or nonconformity to the world, taught

political action." In the United States where much political activism in recent decades has been rooted in ventures related to Mennonite Central Committee

pattern became necessary. Additional changes took place when the ministers received special training and changed from the German language to English. The

their rejection of the involvement of Christians in affairs of the state. Recent discussions are found in the following: Winthrop S. Hudson, "Who were the

London, 1846. Burrage, Champlin. The Early English Dissenters in the Light of Recent Research (1550-1641), 2 vols. London, 1912. Butler, Samuel. Characters and

hospitals at the historic mission stations. Others are part of the church's recent outreach movement. Missionaries and Zambian church leaders continue to search

these histories on the origin of the Dutch Anabaptists some earlier and some recent monographs and studies of a general character deserve mention. The Mennonite

byproduct of a Biblical naivete unaware of the complexities of a social order. Recent research, particularly the doctoral dissertation of Hans Hillerbrand, has

playwright for the East Lynne Company, a residential and touring troupe. His recent productions include: The politician outwitted and The yellow wallpaper.

the group in the 1950s. The tensions within the Old Order Amish group in recent years over the degree of nonconformity and separation from the world, as

The oldest, Bethel College (in Kansas), was organized in 1893 and the most recent, Bethel College (in Indiana), was established in 1947. In addition there

trousers. The Byler (next most conservative) group shared this practice but in recent years adopted the practice of the Renno Amish who permit the use of one

(Versammlungshaus), or "Gmeehaus" (Gemeindehaus) in Pennsylvania Dutch, until recent decades, when the term "church" has partially superseded it. (See also Architecture

theology is still very common in Dutch Mennonitism, much has changed in recent decades. Recent theological studies such as those by J. E. van Brakel, Christelijk

given to the young people who applied for membership in the brotherhood. In recent years at least this instruction was based largely on the "Shorter Catechism"

congregation changed its name to Good Shepherd Community Church in March 2002. In January 2008, 50 years after its inception, Good Shepherd and a recent church

their own circles to the global Christian church. . As we have noted, in recent decades Mennonite churches have given increased attention to ecumenical

Switzer­land many of these old well-bound books can still be found. In more recent times an effort has been made to revive at least a few of the beautiful

Church Extension initiated programs for and made personal contacts with recent immigrants from India.  Four people (two people of Hindu background and

to a decline in membership. Changing demographics in the vicinity of the church have encouraged the congregation in recent years to become an intentionally

" Mennonite Life 7 (1952): 83-85. Burkhart, Charles. "The Amish Theme in Recent American Theatricals." Mennonite Quarterly Review 31 (1957): 60-62. Chislett

of Department of Commerce, Census of the Religious Bodies of 1916. More recent research indicated the article is not correct in all historical details

support for the House of Friendship in caring for homeless men and the recent involvement at Parkwood Mennonite Home to expand into a new facility. On

50th anniversary of the church in June 1981. In recent years the demographics of the congregation have changed, with fewer engaged in full-time agriculture

reasonable and it attracted several dozen Mennonite families who were either recent immigrants from the Soviet Union or prairie farmers who wanted to overcome

centuries. Simple faith could remain unassailed inasmuch as, at least in recent decades, all disciplines are taught without recourse to religious categories

churchman and politican; born 21 September 1925 in Winkler, Manitoba, Canada to recent Russian Mennonite immigrant parents, Peter H. Froese (1870-1949) and Elizabeth

service plan modeled on the earlier I-W program in the United States, and a recent United Nations draft proposal for universal recognition of conscientious

Increasing litigation has led many North American to incorporate in more recent years. Church boards (mission, education, publication, etc.) and institutions

with a membership of seventy. This congregation, prominently comprised of recent refugees (locally known as Umsiedler) to Germany, became a fertile place

those founded in the 17th and 18th centuries, and those established in more recent times. The former, usually called "Hofje," were homes for the poor members

priesthood of all believers. Patterns of borrowing folk materials in more recent Mennonite hymnals reflect differing perceptions of Mennonite ethnic identity

Münsterites) Rothmann assumed an ambiguous role. He opposed many of the changes at first, and yet bowed to the pressure of the more revolutionary leaders

56 (1982): 147-68. "Luther and Medieval Mysticism in the Context of the Recent Historiography." Renaissance and Reformation 6 (1982): 79-93. "A Response

endeavor of an understanding of the essence of Anabaptism. In his essay "Recent Interpretations of Anabaptism" (1955) Robert Friedmann tried to analyze

were 12 members, and at Mt. Pleasant where there were but three members. In recent years a division occurred, one group being led by Russell Cline. In 1957

relationships there may well be cases where there is such involvement. A recent conference sponsored by the Peace Problems Committee of the Mennonite Church

the abundant hymns of the Anabaptists name him favorably, although more recent investigation has revealed numerous contacts between Marpeck's circle and

relatives, and to obey them, "but all in the fear of the Lord." In more recent times there were other reasons than purely religious strivings for preventing

Mission. -- Harold S. Bender The study of Christian mission is a relatively recent addition to the theological curriculum. Formal attempts to write theologies

times, at Odessa in 1854, at Berdyansk in 1873 and in 1912. It was until recent times used by the West Prussian churches. In all editions beginning in 1690

groups as the Old Order Amish and those communities where there were more recent immigrants, especially from Alsace. The Old Order Amish were never much

Mennonites have attended the Bible institutes, most such students especially in recent decades coming from the General Conference Mennonites, Mennonite Brethren

Neckar. These writings did much to publicize the nascent Anabaptist movement. Recent scholarship has concentrated on clarifying formative influences on Michael