Difference between revisions of "Kaiser, Leonhard (d. 1527)"
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| − | [[File:mm-bk2-p010.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Burning of Leonard Kayser, Scharding, | + | [[File:mm-bk2-p010.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Burning of Leonard Kayser, Scharding, 1527.<br /> |
| + | Engraving by Jan Luiken in [[Martyrs' Mirror|Martyrs Mirror]], v. 2, p. 65 of Dutch edition.<br /> | ||
| + | Scan provided by [http://www.bethelks.edu/mla/holdings/scans/martyrsmirror/ Mennonite Library and Archives]'']] | ||
| + | Leonhard Kaiser (Kaser, Keser, Kayser, Keyser), a Lutheran martyr, a former chaplain, was burned at [[Schärding (Oberösterreich, Austria)|Scharding]] on the Inn on 16 August 1527, because he would not recant. The trial and execution caused much excitement in [[Germany|Germany]]. Reports concerning his death grew in the manner of legends. The publication of the execution was very painful to [[Eck, Johann (1486-1543)|Johann Eck]], who had participated as prosecutor in the trial at the orders of Bishop Ernest of Passau (a younger brother of dukes William and Louis of Bavaria). He therefore replied in his booklet, <em>Warhafftige handlung, wie es mit her Lenhart Käser zu Schärding verbrandt, ergangen ist. </em>[[Luther, Martin (1483-1546)|Luther]] published a counter-reply. | ||
| − | + | In the older accounts Leonhard Kaiser is called an [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] martyr. But this was an error. The steadfastness of the martyr made a deep impression on the bystanders. The judge who pronounced the death sentence was so moved that he soon resigned his position. His assistant, Leonhard Mittermaier, immigrated to [[Moravia (Czech Republic)|Moravia]] and joined the [[Hutterian Brethren (Hutterische Brüder)|Hutterian Brethren]]. The [[Hutterite Chronicles|Hutterite chronicle]] states that he reported the execution to them and apparently took Kaiser to be an Anabaptist. It is very likely that he did not know the difference, since the charge was presented in Latin, and Kaiser answered in German; it is also strange that the chronicles of the Moravian Hutterites record only the outward events, and do not discuss his faith. | |
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| − | In the older accounts Leonhard Kaiser is called an [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] martyr. But this was an error. The steadfastness of the martyr made a deep impression on the bystanders. The judge who pronounced the death sentence was so moved that he soon resigned his position. His assistant, Leonhard Mittermaier, | ||
Two Anabaptists died later as martyrs in Schärding: in 1529 Virgil Plattner, who had also been a priest, and in 1571 [[Binder, Wolf (d. 1571)|Wolf Binder]]. | Two Anabaptists died later as martyrs in Schärding: in 1529 Virgil Plattner, who had also been a priest, and in 1571 [[Binder, Wolf (d. 1571)|Wolf Binder]]. | ||
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Beck, Josef. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Die Geschichts-Bücher der Wiedertäufer in Oesterreich-Ungarn</em>. Vienna, 1883; reprinted Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1967: 25. | Beck, Josef. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Die Geschichts-Bücher der Wiedertäufer in Oesterreich-Ungarn</em>. Vienna, 1883; reprinted Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1967: 25. | ||
| − | Braght, Thieleman J. van. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doops-gesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk</em>. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts | + | Braght, Thieleman J. van. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doops-gesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk</em>. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts, 1685: Part II, 47 f. |
Braght, Thieleman J. van. <em class="gameo_bibliography">The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour . . . to the Year A.D. 1660.</em> Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951: 420-422. Available online at: [http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm]. | Braght, Thieleman J. van. <em class="gameo_bibliography">The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour . . . to the Year A.D. 1660.</em> Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951: 420-422. Available online at: [http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm]. | ||
| − | Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. | + | Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. ''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II<strong class="gameo_bibliography">, </strong>104, 451. |
Leeb, F. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Leonhard Käser, Ein Beitrag zum bayrischen Reformations Geschichte. </em>Münster, 1929. | Leeb, F. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Leonhard Käser, Ein Beitrag zum bayrischen Reformations Geschichte. </em>Münster, 1929. | ||
| − | Roth, F. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Leonhard Kaiser, ein | + | Roth, F. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Leonhard Kaiser, ein evangelischer Märtyrer aus den Innviertel. </em>Halle: Niemeyer, 1900. |
Wiedemann, T. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Dr. Johann Eck. </em>Regensburg, 1865. | Wiedemann, T. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Dr. Johann Eck. </em>Regensburg, 1865. | ||
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Zieglschmid, A. J. F. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Die älteste Chronik der Hutterischen Brüder: Ein Sprachdenkmal aus frühneuhochdeutscher Zeit</em> Ithaca: Cayuga Press, 1943: 58. | Zieglschmid, A. J. F. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Die älteste Chronik der Hutterischen Brüder: Ein Sprachdenkmal aus frühneuhochdeutscher Zeit</em> Ithaca: Cayuga Press, 1943: 58. | ||
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 3, pp. 135-136|date=1957|a1_last=Hege|a1_first=Christian|a2_last= |a2_first= }} | {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 3, pp. 135-136|date=1957|a1_last=Hege|a1_first=Christian|a2_last= |a2_first= }} | ||
| + | [[Category:Persons]] | ||
Latest revision as of 23:23, 15 January 2017
Engraving by Jan Luiken in Martyrs Mirror, v. 2, p. 65 of Dutch edition.
Scan provided by Mennonite Library and Archives
Leonhard Kaiser (Kaser, Keser, Kayser, Keyser), a Lutheran martyr, a former chaplain, was burned at Scharding on the Inn on 16 August 1527, because he would not recant. The trial and execution caused much excitement in Germany. Reports concerning his death grew in the manner of legends. The publication of the execution was very painful to Johann Eck, who had participated as prosecutor in the trial at the orders of Bishop Ernest of Passau (a younger brother of dukes William and Louis of Bavaria). He therefore replied in his booklet, Warhafftige handlung, wie es mit her Lenhart Käser zu Schärding verbrandt, ergangen ist. Luther published a counter-reply.
In the older accounts Leonhard Kaiser is called an Anabaptist martyr. But this was an error. The steadfastness of the martyr made a deep impression on the bystanders. The judge who pronounced the death sentence was so moved that he soon resigned his position. His assistant, Leonhard Mittermaier, immigrated to Moravia and joined the Hutterian Brethren. The Hutterite chronicle states that he reported the execution to them and apparently took Kaiser to be an Anabaptist. It is very likely that he did not know the difference, since the charge was presented in Latin, and Kaiser answered in German; it is also strange that the chronicles of the Moravian Hutterites record only the outward events, and do not discuss his faith.
Two Anabaptists died later as martyrs in Schärding: in 1529 Virgil Plattner, who had also been a priest, and in 1571 Wolf Binder.
As the heirs of his considerable estate Kaiser named his brothers and the schoolmaster Ulrich. The latter he admonished to continue to teach the boys; but if he could not stay there because of tyranny, then one of his relatives should take him and his boys to some place where "the Word of God is preached pure" (Roth, p. 27). Only four days after this execution Ferdinand I issued his first mandate against Zwinglians and Anabaptists for his Austrian hereditary lands, which threatened severe penalties for all who deviated from the Roman church on any point. Therefore schoolmaster Ulrich probably had occasion to leave the country with a relative and his charges.
A Dutch family tradition has it that the descendants of Leonhard Kaiser fled to Holland, and called themselves Keyser there.
Bibliography
Beck, Josef. Die Geschichts-Bücher der Wiedertäufer in Oesterreich-Ungarn. Vienna, 1883; reprinted Nieuwkoop: De Graaf, 1967: 25.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doops-gesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts, 1685: Part II, 47 f.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour . . . to the Year A.D. 1660. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951: 420-422. Available online at: http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm.
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II, 104, 451.
Leeb, F. Leonhard Käser, Ein Beitrag zum bayrischen Reformations Geschichte. Münster, 1929.
Roth, F. Leonhard Kaiser, ein evangelischer Märtyrer aus den Innviertel. Halle: Niemeyer, 1900.
Wiedemann, T. Dr. Johann Eck. Regensburg, 1865.
Winter, V. A. Geschichte der Schicksale der evangelischen Lehre in und durch Baiem. München, 1809.
Wolkan, Rudolf. Geschicht-Buch der Hutterischen Brüder. Macleod, AB, and Vienna, 1923: 42.
Zieglschmid, A. J. F. Die älteste Chronik der Hutterischen Brüder: Ein Sprachdenkmal aus frühneuhochdeutscher Zeit Ithaca: Cayuga Press, 1943: 58.
| Author(s) | Christian Hege |
|---|---|
| Date Published | 1957 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Hege, Christian. "Kaiser, Leonhard (d. 1527)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1957. Web. 22 Nov 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Kaiser,_Leonhard_(d._1527)&oldid=144202.
APA style
Hege, Christian. (1957). Kaiser, Leonhard (d. 1527). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 22 November 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Kaiser,_Leonhard_(d._1527)&oldid=144202.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 3, pp. 135-136. All rights reserved.
©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.