Difference between revisions of "Harder, Bernhard (1832-1884)"

From GAMEO
Jump to navigation Jump to search
[checked revision][checked revision]
(CSV import - 20130823)
 
(4 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
Bernhard Harder, an outstanding Men­nonite minister, teacher, and poet of the [[Molotschna Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Molotsch­na]], Russia, was born 25 March 1832, the eighth son of Abraham Harder and his wife Marie (Heide) Harder (according to Friesen, 743, nee Berg). His mother made an ineradicable impression on him. He lost his father at the age of 12.
+
[[File:BernhardHarder.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Bernhard Harder <br>Photo: "Geistliche Lieder und Gelegenheits-Gedichte" gesammelt und herausgegebn von Heinrich Franz (Hamburg, 1888)'']]
 +
Bernhard Harder: outstanding Men­nonite minister, teacher, and poet of the [[Molotschna Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Molotsch­na]], Russia; born 25 March 1832 (some sources state 15 March), the eighth son of Abraham Johann Harder (ca. 1787-1844) and Maria (Heide) Harder (b. 1789). On 16 March 1854, Harder married Katharina Boschmann (12 March 1831, Pletzendorf, Gross Werder, Prussia - 13 October 1878, Muntau, Molotschna, South Russia), daughter of Gerhard Boschmann and Catharina (Berg) Boschmann. They had eleven children, four of whom preceded him in death. Bernhard married Helena Ewert on 13 February 1879. Three daughters were born to them. Bernhard died on 1 October 1884 in Muntau, Molotschna.
  
−
Early in his childhood Harder felt called to teach and preach. He was accepted as a pupil at the age of ten in the newly established [[Halbstadt (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Halbstadt Zentral­schule]], from which he graduated after six years. For a while he served as secretary of the Gebiets­amt (county seat). Finally his heart's desire was fulfilled and he became, a teacher, serving in the elementary schools of Yuschanlee, Halbstadt, Blum­stein, Friedensruh, and [[Alexanderwohl (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Alexanderwohl]]. During his teaching career he was chosen minister by the Ohrloff-Halbstadt Mennonite Church at Christmas 1860. [[Friesen, Peter Martin (1849-1914)|Friesen]] (<em>Brüderschaft</em>, 744) states that he accepted this call "not with fear, tears, and complaint, taking upon himself the 'heavy office and cross' as it was customary at that time, but with rejoicing and tremendous energy he became a servant of his Saviour." For 15 years he com­bined the offices of teaching and ministry and the care of a large family.
+
Bernhard's mother made an ineradicable impression on him. He lost his father at the age of 12. Early in his childhood Harder felt called to teach and preach. He was accepted as a pupil at the age of ten in the newly established [[Halbstadt (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Halbstadt Zentral­schule]], from which he graduated after six years. For a while he served as secretary of the Gebiets­amt (county seat). Finally his heart's desire was fulfilled and he became, a teacher, serving in the elementary schools of Yuschanlee, Halbstadt, Blum­stein, Friedensruh, and [[Alexanderwohl (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Alexanderwohl]]. During his teaching career he was chosen minister by the [[Orloff Mennonite Church (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Ohrloff-Halbstadt Mennonite Church]] at Christmas 1860. [[Friesen, Peter Martin (1849-1914)|Friesen]] (<em>Brüderschaft</em>, 744) states that he accepted this call "not with fear, tears, and complaint, taking upon himself the 'heavy office and cross' as it was customary at that time, but with rejoicing and tremendous energy he became a servant of his Saviour." For 15 years he combined the offices of teaching and ministry and the care of a large family.
  
−
On 16 March 1854, Harder married Katharina Boschmann. They had eleven children, four of whom preceded him in death. His wife died 13 October 1878; he married Helena Ewert on 13 February 1879. Three daughters were born to them.
+
He had already "given his heart to the Lord" when he attended the Zentralschule (Friesen, 744). His son Gerhard states, "After four years of teach­ing, the Lord succeeded in making of him His disciple. This happened at Blumstein where Elder [[Harder, Johann (1811-1875)|Johann Harder]] lived" (Harder, XI). Harder's preaching was revolutionary, inspiring, and most successful. He broke with the tradition prevalent among the Mennonites of Russia of reading a ser­mon from a manuscript. His ideals were Elder [[Fast, Bernhard (1785-1861)|Bernhard Fast]], Halbstadt, Ludwig Hofacker, and [[Wüst, Eduard (1818-1859)|Eduard Wüst]], who influenced Harder's spir­itual awakening and activities greatly. He had been one of Wüst's listeners and admirers since 1850. With great zeal and a thundering voice Harder opposed everything he thought to be un­godly, but most of all he protested against formal­ism which threatened the very life of the church. He was motivated by an ardent love for the Savior and for lost sinners, trying "to reach the hearer through eye and ear." When he preached he preached with his entire being. His live enthu­siasm and clear convictions made his sermons par­ticularly effective. Untiringly he preached from various pulpits and as an evangelist in numerous settlements and villages.
−
 
 
−
He had already "given his heart to the Lord" when he attended the Zentralschule (Friesen, 744). His son Gerhard states, "After four years of teach­ing, the Lord succeeded in making of him His disciple. This happened at Blumstein where Elder Johann Harder lived" (Harder, XI). A. Harder's preaching was revolutionary, inspiring, and most successful. He broke with the tradition prevalent among the Mennonites of Russia of reading a ser­mon from a manuscript. His ideals were Elder B. Fast , Halbstadt, Ludwig Hofacker, and [[Wüst, Eduard (1818-1859)|Eduard Wüst]] , who influenced Harder's spir­itual awakening and activities greatly. He had been one of Wüst's listeners and admirers since 1850. With great zeal and a thundering voice Harder opposed everything he thought to be un­godly, but most of all he protested against formal­ism which threatened the very life of the church. He was motivated by an ardent love for the Saviour and for lost sinners, trying "to reach the hearer through eye and ear." When he preached he preached with his entire being. His live enthu­siasm and clear convictions made his sermons par­ticularly effective. Untiringly he preached from various pulpits and as an evangelist in numerous settlements and villages.
 
  
 
Friesen says, "Multitudes of people who found salvation through Harder could not understand how he could criticize his church so severely with­out leaving it" (as many did who joined the [[Mennonite Brethren Church|Men­nonite Brethren]]). Harder did more than anyone else during the second half of the past century to revive the spiritual life of the Mennonites in Russia and to prevent unbalanced and unsound elements from taking advantage of the situation. He was the greatest evangelist and pulpit orator the Men­nonites of Russia produced. His son Gerhard says, "Had Harder, with his great love and zeal to win souls for the Lord, had the same measure of gift to evaluate situations and people and had he had more emotional stability and pedagogical wisdom, his work in church and school would have been even more blessed" than was now the case. The fact that he was strongly evangelistic and defended the sound practices of the newly organized Men­nonite Brethren Church caused criticism by repre­sentatives of the Mennonite Church. On the other hand, the Mennonite Brethren criticized him be­cause he did not join them. He visited numerous meetings of the Mennonite Brethren and reported his impressions, some of which were published (<em>Mennonitische Blätter</em>, February 1863, 15 ff.). His strength and contribution lie in the fact that he followed an independent, warmly evangelistic course within the entire brotherhood, aiming to lift its spiritual and cultural aspects, thus making a singular contribution comparable to that of [[Cornies, Johann (1789-1848)|Johann Cornies]] in the economic realm.
 
Friesen says, "Multitudes of people who found salvation through Harder could not understand how he could criticize his church so severely with­out leaving it" (as many did who joined the [[Mennonite Brethren Church|Men­nonite Brethren]]). Harder did more than anyone else during the second half of the past century to revive the spiritual life of the Mennonites in Russia and to prevent unbalanced and unsound elements from taking advantage of the situation. He was the greatest evangelist and pulpit orator the Men­nonites of Russia produced. His son Gerhard says, "Had Harder, with his great love and zeal to win souls for the Lord, had the same measure of gift to evaluate situations and people and had he had more emotional stability and pedagogical wisdom, his work in church and school would have been even more blessed" than was now the case. The fact that he was strongly evangelistic and defended the sound practices of the newly organized Men­nonite Brethren Church caused criticism by repre­sentatives of the Mennonite Church. On the other hand, the Mennonite Brethren criticized him be­cause he did not join them. He visited numerous meetings of the Mennonite Brethren and reported his impressions, some of which were published (<em>Mennonitische Blätter</em>, February 1863, 15 ff.). His strength and contribution lie in the fact that he followed an independent, warmly evangelistic course within the entire brotherhood, aiming to lift its spiritual and cultural aspects, thus making a singular contribution comparable to that of [[Cornies, Johann (1789-1848)|Johann Cornies]] in the economic realm.
Line 11: Line 10:
 
In 1872 Harder discontinued teaching and spent three years as traveling evangelist, in which capac­ity he was supported by a group of friends. After this term he taught again for three years at Alexanderwohl. In 1879-80 he served as secretary of the <em>Gebietsamt</em> at Halbstadt, after which he taught Bible for one year at the Zentralschule at Halbstadt. The last three years of his life he again de­voted entirely to his task as traveling evangelist (<em>Reiseprediger</em>), being again supported by a group of friends. Four months of each year he worked in his home congregation at Halbstadt.
 
In 1872 Harder discontinued teaching and spent three years as traveling evangelist, in which capac­ity he was supported by a group of friends. After this term he taught again for three years at Alexanderwohl. In 1879-80 he served as secretary of the <em>Gebietsamt</em> at Halbstadt, after which he taught Bible for one year at the Zentralschule at Halbstadt. The last three years of his life he again de­voted entirely to his task as traveling evangelist (<em>Reiseprediger</em>), being again supported by a group of friends. Four months of each year he worked in his home congregation at Halbstadt.
  
−
From his early youth Harder showed poetic in­clinations, which increased in maturity. He com­posed many poems for special occasions; many of them were collected and edited by[[Franz, Heinrich (1812-1889)| Heinrich Franz]], Sr., and published in 1888 under the title <em>Geist­liche Lieder und Gelegenheitsgedichte</em>, with 584 songs (Part I) and 539 poems for various occasions (Part II). The book contains a valuable biography of the author written by his son, Gerhard (VIII-XXIV). Another son, Peter B. Harder, selected and edited from this collection 213 songs which were published by J. Friesen under the title [[Hymnology of the Mennonites of West and East Prussia, Danzig, and Russia|<em>Kleines Liederbuch</em>]]. <em>Geistliche Gelegenheitslieder</em> (1902). Thus Harder was also a pioneer in the realm of the literary activities among the Mennonites of Russia.
+
From his early youth Harder showed poetic in­clinations, which increased in maturity. He com­posed many poems for special occasions; many of them were collected and edited by[[Franz, Heinrich (1812-1889)| Heinrich Franz]], Sr., and published in 1888 under the title <em>Geist­liche Lieder und Gelegenheits-Gedichte</em>, with 584 songs (Part I) and 539 poems for various occasions (Part II). The book contains a valuable biography of the author written by his son, Gerhard (VIII-XXIV). Another son, Peter B. Harder, selected and edited from this collection 213 songs which were published by J. Friesen under the title [[Hymnology of the Mennonites of West and East Prussia, Danzig, and Russia|<em>Kleines Liederbuch</em>]]: <em>Geistliche Gelegenheitslieder</em> (1902). Thus Harder was also a pioneer in the realm of the literary activities among the Mennonites of Russia.
  
 
In addition to the many trips as a traveling evangelist Harder was also called upon to repre­sent various Mennonite causes and groups. In 1867 he was sent to Petersburg to investigate settlement possibilities in [[Turkestan|Turkestan]]. Again in 1882 he made the same trip. In 1879 he was twice sent to [[Odessa (Ukraine)|Odessa]] to interview von Totleben regarding Mennonite alternative service. He also visited the Mennonites in the Volga region in 1868 and in [[Prussia|Prussia]] in 1873. On 27 September 1884, he returned from a journey to [[Zagradovka Mennonite Settlement (Kherson Oblast, Ukraine)|Zagradovka]], ill with pneumonia. He had preached strenuously four times daily. On 1 October 1884, he died.
 
In addition to the many trips as a traveling evangelist Harder was also called upon to repre­sent various Mennonite causes and groups. In 1867 he was sent to Petersburg to investigate settlement possibilities in [[Turkestan|Turkestan]]. Again in 1882 he made the same trip. In 1879 he was twice sent to [[Odessa (Ukraine)|Odessa]] to interview von Totleben regarding Mennonite alternative service. He also visited the Mennonites in the Volga region in 1868 and in [[Prussia|Prussia]] in 1873. On 27 September 1884, he returned from a journey to [[Zagradovka Mennonite Settlement (Kherson Oblast, Ukraine)|Zagradovka]], ill with pneumonia. He had preached strenuously four times daily. On 1 October 1884, he died.
 
= Bibliography =
 
= Bibliography =
 
Friesen, Peter M. <em>Die Alt-Evangelische Mennonitische Brüderschaft in Russland (1789-1910) im Rahmen der mennonitischen Gesamtgeschichte</em>. Halbstadt: Verlagsgesellschaft "Raduga", 1911: 211 ff., 743-54.
 
Friesen, Peter M. <em>Die Alt-Evangelische Mennonitische Brüderschaft in Russland (1789-1910) im Rahmen der mennonitischen Gesamtgeschichte</em>. Halbstadt: Verlagsgesellschaft "Raduga", 1911: 211 ff., 743-54.
 +
 +
GRANDMA (The '''G'''enealogical '''R'''egistry '''an'''d '''D'''atabase of '''M'''ennonite '''A'''ncestry) Database, 7.04 ed. Fresno, CA: [http://calmenno.org/index.htm" California Mennonite Historical Society], 2013: #37422.
  
 
Harder, G. "Mittheilungen aus dem Lebensgange des Verfassers." In B. Harder, <em>Geistliche Lieder</em>. Hamburg, 1888: VIII-XXIV.
 
Harder, G. "Mittheilungen aus dem Lebensgange des Verfassers." In B. Harder, <em>Geistliche Lieder</em>. Hamburg, 1888: VIII-XXIV.
  
−
Hege, Christian and Neff, Christian. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II, 253 f.
+
Hege, Christian and Neff, Christian. ''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II, 253 f.
 
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 2, pp. 658-659|date=1956|a1_last=Krahn|a1_first=Cornelius|a2_last=|a2_first=}}
 
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 2, pp. 658-659|date=1956|a1_last=Krahn|a1_first=Cornelius|a2_last=|a2_first=}}
 +
 +
[[Category:Persons]]
 +
[[Category:Ministers]]
 +
[[Category:Teachers]]

Latest revision as of 19:52, 13 November 2023

Bernhard Harder
Photo: "Geistliche Lieder und Gelegenheits-Gedichte" gesammelt und herausgegebn von Heinrich Franz (Hamburg, 1888)

Bernhard Harder: outstanding Men­nonite minister, teacher, and poet of the Molotsch­na, Russia; born 25 March 1832 (some sources state 15 March), the eighth son of Abraham Johann Harder (ca. 1787-1844) and Maria (Heide) Harder (b. 1789). On 16 March 1854, Harder married Katharina Boschmann (12 March 1831, Pletzendorf, Gross Werder, Prussia - 13 October 1878, Muntau, Molotschna, South Russia), daughter of Gerhard Boschmann and Catharina (Berg) Boschmann. They had eleven children, four of whom preceded him in death. Bernhard married Helena Ewert on 13 February 1879. Three daughters were born to them. Bernhard died on 1 October 1884 in Muntau, Molotschna.

Bernhard's mother made an ineradicable impression on him. He lost his father at the age of 12. Early in his childhood Harder felt called to teach and preach. He was accepted as a pupil at the age of ten in the newly established Halbstadt Zentral­schule, from which he graduated after six years. For a while he served as secretary of the Gebiets­amt (county seat). Finally his heart's desire was fulfilled and he became, a teacher, serving in the elementary schools of Yuschanlee, Halbstadt, Blum­stein, Friedensruh, and Alexanderwohl. During his teaching career he was chosen minister by the Ohrloff-Halbstadt Mennonite Church at Christmas 1860. Friesen (Brüderschaft, 744) states that he accepted this call "not with fear, tears, and complaint, taking upon himself the 'heavy office and cross' as it was customary at that time, but with rejoicing and tremendous energy he became a servant of his Saviour." For 15 years he combined the offices of teaching and ministry and the care of a large family.

He had already "given his heart to the Lord" when he attended the Zentralschule (Friesen, 744). His son Gerhard states, "After four years of teach­ing, the Lord succeeded in making of him His disciple. This happened at Blumstein where Elder Johann Harder lived" (Harder, XI). Harder's preaching was revolutionary, inspiring, and most successful. He broke with the tradition prevalent among the Mennonites of Russia of reading a ser­mon from a manuscript. His ideals were Elder Bernhard Fast, Halbstadt, Ludwig Hofacker, and Eduard Wüst, who influenced Harder's spir­itual awakening and activities greatly. He had been one of Wüst's listeners and admirers since 1850. With great zeal and a thundering voice Harder opposed everything he thought to be un­godly, but most of all he protested against formal­ism which threatened the very life of the church. He was motivated by an ardent love for the Savior and for lost sinners, trying "to reach the hearer through eye and ear." When he preached he preached with his entire being. His live enthu­siasm and clear convictions made his sermons par­ticularly effective. Untiringly he preached from various pulpits and as an evangelist in numerous settlements and villages.

Friesen says, "Multitudes of people who found salvation through Harder could not understand how he could criticize his church so severely with­out leaving it" (as many did who joined the Men­nonite Brethren). Harder did more than anyone else during the second half of the past century to revive the spiritual life of the Mennonites in Russia and to prevent unbalanced and unsound elements from taking advantage of the situation. He was the greatest evangelist and pulpit orator the Men­nonites of Russia produced. His son Gerhard says, "Had Harder, with his great love and zeal to win souls for the Lord, had the same measure of gift to evaluate situations and people and had he had more emotional stability and pedagogical wisdom, his work in church and school would have been even more blessed" than was now the case. The fact that he was strongly evangelistic and defended the sound practices of the newly organized Men­nonite Brethren Church caused criticism by repre­sentatives of the Mennonite Church. On the other hand, the Mennonite Brethren criticized him be­cause he did not join them. He visited numerous meetings of the Mennonite Brethren and reported his impressions, some of which were published (Mennonitische Blätter, February 1863, 15 ff.). His strength and contribution lie in the fact that he followed an independent, warmly evangelistic course within the entire brotherhood, aiming to lift its spiritual and cultural aspects, thus making a singular contribution comparable to that of Johann Cornies in the economic realm.

In 1872 Harder discontinued teaching and spent three years as traveling evangelist, in which capac­ity he was supported by a group of friends. After this term he taught again for three years at Alexanderwohl. In 1879-80 he served as secretary of the Gebietsamt at Halbstadt, after which he taught Bible for one year at the Zentralschule at Halbstadt. The last three years of his life he again de­voted entirely to his task as traveling evangelist (Reiseprediger), being again supported by a group of friends. Four months of each year he worked in his home congregation at Halbstadt.

From his early youth Harder showed poetic in­clinations, which increased in maturity. He com­posed many poems for special occasions; many of them were collected and edited by Heinrich Franz, Sr., and published in 1888 under the title Geist­liche Lieder und Gelegenheits-Gedichte, with 584 songs (Part I) and 539 poems for various occasions (Part II). The book contains a valuable biography of the author written by his son, Gerhard (VIII-XXIV). Another son, Peter B. Harder, selected and edited from this collection 213 songs which were published by J. Friesen under the title Kleines Liederbuch: Geistliche Gelegenheitslieder (1902). Thus Harder was also a pioneer in the realm of the literary activities among the Mennonites of Russia.

In addition to the many trips as a traveling evangelist Harder was also called upon to repre­sent various Mennonite causes and groups. In 1867 he was sent to Petersburg to investigate settlement possibilities in Turkestan. Again in 1882 he made the same trip. In 1879 he was twice sent to Odessa to interview von Totleben regarding Mennonite alternative service. He also visited the Mennonites in the Volga region in 1868 and in Prussia in 1873. On 27 September 1884, he returned from a journey to Zagradovka, ill with pneumonia. He had preached strenuously four times daily. On 1 October 1884, he died.

Bibliography

Friesen, Peter M. Die Alt-Evangelische Mennonitische Brüderschaft in Russland (1789-1910) im Rahmen der mennonitischen Gesamtgeschichte. Halbstadt: Verlagsgesellschaft "Raduga", 1911: 211 ff., 743-54.

GRANDMA (The Genealogical Registry and Database of Mennonite Ancestry) Database, 7.04 ed. Fresno, CA: " California Mennonite Historical Society, 2013: #37422.

Harder, G. "Mittheilungen aus dem Lebensgange des Verfassers." In B. Harder, Geistliche Lieder. Hamburg, 1888: VIII-XXIV.

Hege, Christian and Neff, Christian. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II, 253 f.


Author(s) Cornelius Krahn
Date Published 1956

Cite This Article

MLA style

Krahn, Cornelius. "Harder, Bernhard (1832-1884)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1956. Web. 21 Nov 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Harder,_Bernhard_(1832-1884)&oldid=177786.

APA style

Krahn, Cornelius. (1956). Harder, Bernhard (1832-1884). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 21 November 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Harder,_Bernhard_(1832-1884)&oldid=177786.



Hpbuttns.png

Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, pp. 658-659. All rights reserved.


©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.

Retrieved from "https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Harder,_Bernhard_(1832-1884)&oldid=177786"