Difference between revisions of "Hans Bret (d. 1577)"
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m (Text replace - "<em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I," to "''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I,") |
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| − | [[File:mm%20bk2%20p729.jpg|300px|thumb|right|'' | + | [[File:mm%20bk2%20p729.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Torture of John Bret, an Englishman, Antwerp, 1576.<br /> |
| + | Engraving by Jan Luiken in [[Martyrs' Mirror]], v. 2, page 729 of Dutch edition.<br /> | ||
| + | Source: [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/RP-P-OB-44.307 Rijksmuseum].'']] | ||
| + | Hans Bret, an [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] martyr, the son of the Englishman Thomas Bret and Elisabeth Akers van der Does of [[Dordrecht (Zuid-Holland, Netherlands)|Dordrecht]]. By trade he was a confectioner. Through betrayal he was seized on 6 May 1576. He was severely treated, being cast into a dungeon. He was frequently examined. Since he was well educated—he had a mastery of Latin—he was well able to withstand the inquisitors. In spite of his youth he remained steadfast, and died at the stake in [[Antwerp (Belgium)|Antwerp]] on 4 January 1577, at the age of 24. The tongue screw with which the executioner closed his mouth to prevent his speaking was hunted out of the ashes by the well-known preacher [[Ries, Hans de (1553–1638)|Hans de Ries]]. This tongue screw with a certification by Trijntje Simons is preserved in [[Amsterdam (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Amsterdam]], and has been handed down from generation to generation in the possession of the de Hoop Scheffer family. | ||
| − | + | The charge made against Bret was that he possessed forbidden books, that he had been rebaptized and had frequently attended the forbidden meetings of the Anabaptists, each Sunday morning giving religious instruction to a group of baptismal candidates (<em>aankomelingen</em>). Bret had been a servant of Albert Verspeck, who later was a preacher of the Waterlander Mennonites in Holland (Cramer, Samuel and Fredrik Pijper. <em>Bibliotheca Reformatoria Neerlandica</em>. VII: 248). Hans de Ries, who was a friend of Bret, and who had been present at the execution of his friend, married Bret's mother soon afterward. Hans's brother David Bret lived in England, where his father came from. From prison Hans wrote a number of letters to his family, to the congregation of Antwerp, and to friends, the first of which is dated Monday after Pentecost 1576, the last August 1576. In these letters he complained that he lacked writing paper. He wrote that there were imprisoned with him more of Menno's "Volk" at that time; singing of hymns, which would have given them much comfort, had been forbidden. Soon after his death a volume was published under the title <em>De Christelijcke Seyndtbrieven gheschreven door eenen vromen Christen genaemt Hans Bret</em>, printed in 1582 (n.p., likely at Antwerp; a copy is in, the library of the University of Gent, Belgium). This volume contains 18 letters by Bret and 6 letters addressed to him in prison, three of which were probably written by his friend Hans de Ries; besides these letters this book contains Bret's death sentence and two songs celebrating his sufferings. Of this collection six letters are found in van Braght's <em>[[Martyrs' Mirror]]</em>; viz., the first three, the tenth, and the last two. Three of these were written to his mother, one to his brother David, one to his sister, and one to Hans de Ries. | |
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| − | The charge made against Bret was that he possessed forbidden books, that he had been rebaptized and had frequently attended the forbidden meetings of the Anabaptists, each Sunday morning giving religious instruction to a group of baptismal candidates (<em>aankomelingen</em>). Bret had been a servant of Albert Verspeck, who later was a preacher of the Waterlander Mennonites in Holland (Cramer, Samuel and Fredrik Pijper. <em>Bibliotheca Reformatoria Neerlandica</em>. VII: 248). Hans de Ries, who was a friend of Bret, and who had been present at the execution of his friend, married Bret's mother soon afterward. Hans's brother David Bret lived in England, where his father came from. From prison Hans wrote a number of letters to his family, to the congregation of Antwerp, and to friends, the first of which is dated Monday after Pentecost 1576, the last August 1576. In these letters he complained that he lacked writing paper. He wrote that there were imprisoned with him more of Menno's "Volk" at that time; singing of hymns, which would have given them much comfort, had been forbidden. Soon after his death a volume was published under the title <em>De Christelijcke Seyndtbrieven gheschreven door eenen vromen Christen genaemt Hans Bret</em>, printed in 1582 (n.p., likely at Antwerp; a copy is in, the library of the University of Gent, Belgium). This volume contains 18 letters by Bret and 6 letters addressed to him in prison, three of which were probably written by his friend Hans de Ries; besides these letters this book contains Bret's death sentence and two songs celebrating his sufferings. Of this collection six letters are found in van Braght's <em>[[Martyrs' Mirror | ||
= Bibliography = | = Bibliography = | ||
| − | Braght, Thieleman J. van. <em>Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doopsgesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk</em>. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts | + | Braght, Thieleman J. van. <em>Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doopsgesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk</em>. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts, 1685: Part II, 727-46. |
Braght, Thieleman J. van. <em>The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour . . . to the Year A.D. 1660</em>. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951: 1037-54. Available online at: <span class="link-external">[http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm]</span>. | Braght, Thieleman J. van. <em>The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour . . . to the Year A.D. 1660</em>. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951: 1037-54. Available online at: <span class="link-external">[http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm]</span>. | ||
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Haeghen, Ferdinand van der., Thomas Arnold and R. Vanden Berghe. <em>Bibliographie des Martyrologes Protestants Néerlandais</em>. II. Receuils. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1890. I: 689-702. | Haeghen, Ferdinand van der., Thomas Arnold and R. Vanden Berghe. <em>Bibliographie des Martyrologes Protestants Néerlandais</em>. II. Receuils. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1890. I: 689-702. | ||
| − | Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. | + | Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. ''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 266. |
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 2, p. 648|date=1956|a1_last=Vos|a1_first=Karel|a2_last=van der Zijpp|a2_first=Nanne}} | {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 2, p. 648|date=1956|a1_last=Vos|a1_first=Karel|a2_last=van der Zijpp|a2_first=Nanne}} | ||
| + | [[Category:Persons]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Sixteenth Century Anabaptist Martyrs]] | ||
Latest revision as of 00:03, 16 January 2017
Engraving by Jan Luiken in Martyrs' Mirror, v. 2, page 729 of Dutch edition.
Source: Rijksmuseum.
Hans Bret, an Anabaptist martyr, the son of the Englishman Thomas Bret and Elisabeth Akers van der Does of Dordrecht. By trade he was a confectioner. Through betrayal he was seized on 6 May 1576. He was severely treated, being cast into a dungeon. He was frequently examined. Since he was well educated—he had a mastery of Latin—he was well able to withstand the inquisitors. In spite of his youth he remained steadfast, and died at the stake in Antwerp on 4 January 1577, at the age of 24. The tongue screw with which the executioner closed his mouth to prevent his speaking was hunted out of the ashes by the well-known preacher Hans de Ries. This tongue screw with a certification by Trijntje Simons is preserved in Amsterdam, and has been handed down from generation to generation in the possession of the de Hoop Scheffer family.
The charge made against Bret was that he possessed forbidden books, that he had been rebaptized and had frequently attended the forbidden meetings of the Anabaptists, each Sunday morning giving religious instruction to a group of baptismal candidates (aankomelingen). Bret had been a servant of Albert Verspeck, who later was a preacher of the Waterlander Mennonites in Holland (Cramer, Samuel and Fredrik Pijper. Bibliotheca Reformatoria Neerlandica. VII: 248). Hans de Ries, who was a friend of Bret, and who had been present at the execution of his friend, married Bret's mother soon afterward. Hans's brother David Bret lived in England, where his father came from. From prison Hans wrote a number of letters to his family, to the congregation of Antwerp, and to friends, the first of which is dated Monday after Pentecost 1576, the last August 1576. In these letters he complained that he lacked writing paper. He wrote that there were imprisoned with him more of Menno's "Volk" at that time; singing of hymns, which would have given them much comfort, had been forbidden. Soon after his death a volume was published under the title De Christelijcke Seyndtbrieven gheschreven door eenen vromen Christen genaemt Hans Bret, printed in 1582 (n.p., likely at Antwerp; a copy is in, the library of the University of Gent, Belgium). This volume contains 18 letters by Bret and 6 letters addressed to him in prison, three of which were probably written by his friend Hans de Ries; besides these letters this book contains Bret's death sentence and two songs celebrating his sufferings. Of this collection six letters are found in van Braght's Martyrs' Mirror; viz., the first three, the tenth, and the last two. Three of these were written to his mother, one to his brother David, one to his sister, and one to Hans de Ries.
Bibliography
Braght, Thieleman J. van. Het Bloedigh Tooneel of Martelaers Spiegel der Doopsgesinde of Weereloose Christenen, Die om 't getuygenis van Jesus haren Salighmaker geleden hebben ende gedood zijn van Christi tijd of tot desen tijd toe. Den Tweeden Druk. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts, 1685: Part II, 727-46.
Braght, Thieleman J. van. The Bloody Theatre or Martyrs' Mirror of the Defenseless Christians Who Baptized Only upon Confession of Faith and Who Suffered and Died for the Testimony of Jesus Their Saviour . . . to the Year A.D. 1660. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1951: 1037-54. Available online at: http://www.homecomers.org/mirror/index.htm.
Génard, P. Antwerpsch archievenblad. XIII: 210; XIV: 98 f., No. 1117.
Haeghen, Ferdinand van der., Thomas Arnold and R. Vanden Berghe. Bibliographie des Martyrologes Protestants Néerlandais. II. Receuils. The Hague: M. Nijhoff, 1890. I: 689-702.
Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 266.
| Author(s) | Karel Vos |
|---|---|
| Nanne van der Zijpp | |
| Date Published | 1956 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Vos, Karel and Nanne van der Zijpp. "Hans Bret (d. 1577)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1956. Web. 22 Nov 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Hans_Bret_(d._1577)&oldid=144899.
APA style
Vos, Karel and Nanne van der Zijpp. (1956). Hans Bret (d. 1577). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 22 November 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Hans_Bret_(d._1577)&oldid=144899.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 2, p. 648. All rights reserved.
©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.