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<h3>Introduction</h3> The Republic of Haiti is located on the western half of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago. The population, estimated in 2009 to be 10,033,000, is 95% black and 5% mulatto and white. The official languages are Haitian Creole and French. While it is reported that 80% of the population is Roman Catholic and 16% is Protestant, roughly half of the population practices Haitian Vodou. Economically, Haiti is the poorest country in the Americas. Haiti was the first independent nation in Latin America and the first post-colonial independent black-led nation in the world. Unfortunately, many of Haiti's rulers have been dictators, the most recent being the Duvalier family that ruled the country as dictators from 1957 to 1986.
+
[[File:HaitiMap.gif|328px|thumb|left|''Haiti. World Factbook, 2006 '']]
 +
[[File:HaitiW1.jpg|246px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haiti_%28orthographic_projection%29.png Wikipedia Commons]'']]
 +
== Introduction ==
 +
The Republic of Haiti is located on the western half of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago. The population, estimated in 2009 to be 10,033,000, is 95% black and 5% mulatto and white. The official languages are Haitian Creole and French. While it is reported that 80% of the population is Roman Catholic and 16% is Protestant, roughly half of the population practices Haitian Vodou. Economically, Haiti is the poorest country in the Americas. Haiti was the first independent nation in Latin America and the first post-colonial independent black-led nation in the world. Unfortunately, many of Haiti's rulers have been dictators, the most recent being the Duvalier family that ruled the country as dictators from 1957 to 1986.
  
−
<hr/> <h3>1990 Article</h3> The first Mennonite missionaries, two couples from the [[Mennonite Brethren Church|Mennonite Brethren]] and [[Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches|Evangelical Mennonite Brethren]] churches in [[Saskatchewan (Canada)|Saskatchewan]] (1948-1949) came to southern Haiti under the West Indies Mission (later Worldteam). In<strong> </strong>1979 Mennonite missionaries working with the group of national churches with which Worldteam was affiliated numbered 17.
+
== 1990 Article==
 +
The first Mennonite missionaries, two couples from the [[Mennonite Brethren Church|Mennonite Brethren]] and [[Fellowship of Evangelical Bible Churches|Evangelical Mennonite Brethren]] churches in [[Saskatchewan (Canada)|Saskatchewan]] (1948-1949) came to southern Haiti under the West Indies Mission (later Worldteam). In 1979 Mennonite missionaries working with the group of national churches with which Worldteam was affiliated numbered 17.
  
−
[[File:HaitiMap.gif|300px|thumb|right|''Haiti. World Factbook, 2006
+
[[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]] (MCC) assistance began in 1958 with two [[Pax|Pax]] volunteers assigned to an agriculture project in Petit Grave with Haitian Methodist pastor Marco Depestre. Later MCC began sending nurses to Hospital Albert Schweitzer in Deschapelles. A program began in Grande Rivière du Nord in 1959 at the invitation of the Haitian government. Until 1979 MCC administered a hospital, assisted local schools, organized a cooperative of handicrafts producers, and carried out numerous activities in agriculture and community [[Development Work|development]] in Grande Rivière du Nord. Since 1979, MCC programs in the northeast and Artibonite Valley have focused on community development, reforestation, and community health.
  
−
'']]       [[File:HaitiW1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haiti_%28orthographic_projection%29.png Wikipedia Commons] Wikipedia Commons
+
Following hurricanes in 1963 and 1966, [[Mennonite Disaster Service|Mennonite Disaster Service]] (MDS) and MCC cooperated to construct houses in Côtes de Fer and Marigot. Various MDS team members continued to relate to several Haitian pastors they had met, particularly in Miragoane. Several independently constituted Mennonite organizations began visiting on a regular basis. Short-term workers came under the auspices of these organizations to work with the Haitian pastors in health clinics, agriculture, well-drilling, and construction of schools and churches.
  
−
'']]  [[File:HaitiW2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haiti_%28orthographic_projection%29.png Wikipedia Commons] Wikipedia Commons
+
In 1963 MCC introduced several representatives of the [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGC)|Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman), to the government of Haiti and was instrumental in helping them get established. Registered in Haiti as "Mission Mennonite" (Église de Dieu en Christ, Mennonite), they became involved in church planting, nutrition, tuberculosis control, and water catchment for poor families. [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]] established a Study Service Trimester program (SST) in Haiti in 1969, bringing college students to the island for short-term service and international education. Since early 1986, the SST unit was not operational. [[Eastern Mennonite Missions (Lancaster Mennonite Conference)|Eastern Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities]] (MC) has been involved since the mid-1960s in the Extension Bible School Program (EBEX) of the Council of Evangelical Churches of Haiti (CEEH). In 1986 an Eastern Board missionary couple was seconded to CEEH to work full-time in the EBEX leadership training program.
−
 
 
−
'']]    [[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]] (MCC) assistance began in 1958 with two [[Pax|Pax]] volunteers assigned to an agriculture project in Petit Grave with Haitian Methodist pastor Marco Depestre. Later MCC began sending nurses to Hospital Albert Schweitzer in Deschapelles. A program began in Grande Rivière du Nord in 1959 at the invitation of the Haitian government. Until 1979 MCC administered a hospital, assisted local schools, organized a cooperative of handicrafts producers, and carried out numerous activities in agriculture and community [[Development Work|development]] in Grande Rivière du Nord. Since 1979, MCC programs in the northeast and Artibonite Valley have focused on community development, reforestation, and community health.
 
−
 
 
−
Following hurricanes in 1963 and 1966, [[Mennonite Disaster Service|Mennonite Disaster Service]] (MDS)<strong> </strong>and MCC cooperated to construct houses in Côtes de Fer and Marigot. Various MDS<strong> </strong>team members continued to relate to several Haitian pastors they had met, particularly in Miragoane. Several independently constituted Mennonite organizations began visiting on a regular basis. Short-term workers came under the auspices of these organizations to work with the Haitian pastors in health clinics, agriculture, well-drilling, and construction of schools and churches.
 
−
 
 
−
In 1963 MCC introduced several representatives of the [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGC)|Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman), to the government of Haiti and was instrumental in helping them get established. Registered in Haiti as "Mission Mennonite" (Église de Dieu en Christ, Mennonite), they became involved in church planting, nutrition, tuberculosis control, and water catchment for poor families. [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]] established a Study Service Trimester program (SST) in Haiti in 1969, bringing college students to the island for short-term service and international education. Since early 1986, the SST unit was not operational. [[Eastern Mennonite Missions (Lancaster Mennonite Conference)|Eastern Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities]] (MC) has been involved since the mid-1960s in the Extension Bible School Program (EBEX) of the Council of Evangelical Churches of Haiti (CEEH). In 1986 an Eastern Board missionary couple was seconded to CEEH to work full-time in the EBEX<strong> </strong>leadership training program.
 
  
 
Among other Mennonite organizations with significant programs in Haiti are [[Mennonite Economic Development Associates (MEDA)|Mennonite Economic Development Associates]], Blue Ridge Christian Homes ([[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish Mennonite]] Fellowship), Palm Grove Mission Board, [[Virginia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Virginia Conference Mission Board]], Christian Fellowship Mission, Gospel Mission to Haiti and Sonlight Mission ([[Église Mennonite Sonlight Mission (Haiti)|Église Mennonite Sonlight Mission]]). A meeting of the proliferating Mennonite groups working in Haiti was organized in 1978 for the purpose of sharing concerns and common interests. This meeting, usually held in January, has continued almost annually since then. -- <em>Eldon Stoltzfus</em>
 
Among other Mennonite organizations with significant programs in Haiti are [[Mennonite Economic Development Associates (MEDA)|Mennonite Economic Development Associates]], Blue Ridge Christian Homes ([[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish Mennonite]] Fellowship), Palm Grove Mission Board, [[Virginia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Virginia Conference Mission Board]], Christian Fellowship Mission, Gospel Mission to Haiti and Sonlight Mission ([[Église Mennonite Sonlight Mission (Haiti)|Église Mennonite Sonlight Mission]]). A meeting of the proliferating Mennonite groups working in Haiti was organized in 1978 for the purpose of sharing concerns and common interests. This meeting, usually held in January, has continued almost annually since then. -- <em>Eldon Stoltzfus</em>
  
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<hr/> <h3>2013 Update</h3> In 2009 MCC supported community tree nurseries and environmental education for churches, schools and communities in the Artibonite Valley. MCC workers served with two human rights networks, giving workshops on human rights and documenting human rights violations. MCC supported other partner organizations with programs in education, job training, literacy, conflict resolution and microfinance, and also supported the Christian Center for Integrated Development and Micah Challenge, which worked through Haitian churches to realize a biblical vision of social justice.
+
== 2020 Update ==
 +
In 2009 MCC supported community tree nurseries and environmental education for churches, schools and communities in the Artibonite Valley. MCC workers served with two human rights networks, giving workshops on human rights and documenting human rights violations. MCC supported other partner organizations with programs in education, job training, literacy, conflict resolution and microfinance, and also supported the Christian Center for Integrated Development and Micah Challenge, which worked through Haitian churches to realize a biblical vision of social justice.
  
−
In 2012 the following Anabaptist groups were active in Haiti:
+
In 2020 the following Anabaptist groups were active in Haiti:
  
−
<div align="center"> <table class="vertical listing">  <tr> <th>Denomination
 
  
−
</th> <th>Members
+
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
 +
|-
 +
!Denomination
 +
!Members<br />in 2006
 +
!Congregations<br />in 2006
 +
!Members<br />in 2012
 +
!Congregations<br />in 2012
 +
!Members<br />in 2020
 +
!Congregations<br />in 2020
 +
|-
 +
|Assemblée de la Grâce
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |2,427
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |27
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |2,750
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |27
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |3,215
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |20
 +
|-
 +
|Beachy Amish
 +
| 
 +
| 
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |30 
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1 
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Gospel Light Chapel / Chapelle Evangélique de Lumière
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |678
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |10
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |678
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |14
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1,200
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |15
 +
|-
 +
|[[Église de Dieu en Christ Mennonite, Haiti|L'Eglise de Dieu en Christ Mennonite (Haïti)]]
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |495
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |18
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |914
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |21
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1,041
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |24
 +
|-
 +
|[[Son Light Missions Lacolline (Haiti)|Son Light Ministries]]
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |200
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |5
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |200
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |5
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|-
 +
|Washington-Franklin Mennonite Conference
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |27
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |45
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |48
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1
 +
|-
 +
|'''Total'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''3,827'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''61'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''4,617'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''69'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |''' 5,504'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |60
 +
|}
 +
See also [[Communion Mennonite d'Haiti|Communion Mennonite d'Haiti]].
  
−
in 2006
+
= Bibliography =
−
 
+
Mennonite Church Directory (2020): 35.
−
</th> <th>Congregations
 
−
 
 
−
in 2006
 
−
 
 
−
</th> <th>Members
 
−
 
 
−
in 2009
 
−
 
 
−
</th> <th>Congregations
 
−
 
 
−
in 2009
 
−
 
 
−
</th> <th>Members
 
−
 
 
−
in 2012</th> <th>Congregations
 
−
 
 
−
in 2012</th> </tr>  <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Assemblée de la Grâce
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">2,427</td> <td align="right">27</td> <td align="right">2,387
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">25
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td style="text-align: right;">2,750</td> <td style="text-align: right;">27</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Beachy Amish</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">30</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Conservative (Plain) Mennonite</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">45</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Gospel Light Chapel / Chapelle Evangélique de Lumière
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">678</td> <td align="right">10</td> <td align="right">678
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">14
 
  
−
</td> <td style="text-align: right;">678</td> <td style="text-align: right;">14</td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">Independent &amp; Unaffiliated</td> <td align="right">27</td> <td align="right">1</td> <td align="right">26
+
Mennonite World Conference. "Global Map: Haiti." Mennonite World Conference. Web. 30 March 2021. <nowiki>https://mwc-cmm.org/global-map</nowiki>.
  
−
</td> <td align="right">1
+
Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America &amp; The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010.[broken link].
  
−
</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="left">[[Église de Dieu en Christ Mennonite, Haiti|L'Eglise de Dieu en Christ Mennonite (Haïti)]]
+
Mennonite World Conference. ''World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées''. Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 22.
  
−
</td> <td align="right">495</td> <td align="right">18</td> <td align="right">591
+
''Mennonite World Handbook Supplement''. Strasbourg, France, and Lombard, IL: Mennonite World Conference, 1984: 77-79.
  
−
</td> <td align="right">17
+
"Peaceful waters: the Mennonite church in the Caribbean." ''Courier Correo Courrier'' 35, no. 1 (April 2020): 13.
  
−
</td> <td style="text-align: right;">914</td> <td style="text-align: right;">21</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left">[[Église Mennonite Sonlight Mission (Haiti)|SLM Ministries]]
+
Stoltzfus, Elaine. ''Tending the Vision, Planting the Seed.'' Akron, PA: Mennonite Central Committee, 1987.
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">200</td> <td align="right">5</td> <td align="right">200
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">5
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td style="text-align: right;">200</td> <td style="text-align: right;">5</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Total
 
−
 
 
−
</strong></td> <td align="right"><strong>3,827
 
−
 
 
−
</strong></td> <td align="right"><strong>61
 
−
 
 
−
</strong></td> <td align="right"><strong>3,882
 
−
 
 
−
</strong></td> <td align="right"><strong>62
 
−
 
 
−
</strong></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><strong> 4,617</strong></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><strong>69</strong></td> </tr>  </table> </div> See also [[Communion Mennonite d'Haiti|Communion Mennonite d'Haiti]].
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
= Bibliography =
 
−
Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America &amp; The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010. <span class="link-external">[http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members%202009/Latin%20America%20&amp;%20the%20Caribbean%20Summary.doc http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members 2009/Latin America &amp; the Caribbean Summary.doc]</span>.
 
−
 
 
−
Mennonite World Conference. <em>World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées</em>. Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 22.
 
−
 
 
−
<em class="gameo_bibliography">Mennonite World Handbook Supplement</em>. Strasbourg, France, and Lombard, IL: Mennonite World Conference, 1984: 77-79.
 
−
 
 
−
Stoltzfus, Elaine. <em class="gameo_bibliography">Tending the Vision, Planting the Seed. </em>Akron, PA: Mennonite Central Committee, 1987.
 
  
 
Wikipedia. "Haiti." Web. 31 October 2010. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti].
 
Wikipedia. "Haiti." Web. 31 October 2010. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti].
−
 
+
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, pp. 360-361|date=April 2020|a1_last=Stoltzfus|a1_first=Eldon|a2_last=Steiner|a2_first=Samuel J.}}
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[[Category:Countries]]
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{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, pp. 360-361|date=October 2010|a1_last=Stoltzfus|a1_first=Eldon|a2_last= |a2_first= }}
 

Latest revision as of 15:00, 30 March 2021

Haiti. World Factbook, 2006
Source: Wikipedia Commons

Introduction

The Republic of Haiti is located on the western half of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago. The population, estimated in 2009 to be 10,033,000, is 95% black and 5% mulatto and white. The official languages are Haitian Creole and French. While it is reported that 80% of the population is Roman Catholic and 16% is Protestant, roughly half of the population practices Haitian Vodou. Economically, Haiti is the poorest country in the Americas. Haiti was the first independent nation in Latin America and the first post-colonial independent black-led nation in the world. Unfortunately, many of Haiti's rulers have been dictators, the most recent being the Duvalier family that ruled the country as dictators from 1957 to 1986.

1990 Article

The first Mennonite missionaries, two couples from the Mennonite Brethren and Evangelical Mennonite Brethren churches in Saskatchewan (1948-1949) came to southern Haiti under the West Indies Mission (later Worldteam). In 1979 Mennonite missionaries working with the group of national churches with which Worldteam was affiliated numbered 17.

Mennonite Central Committee (MCC) assistance began in 1958 with two Pax volunteers assigned to an agriculture project in Petit Grave with Haitian Methodist pastor Marco Depestre. Later MCC began sending nurses to Hospital Albert Schweitzer in Deschapelles. A program began in Grande Rivière du Nord in 1959 at the invitation of the Haitian government. Until 1979 MCC administered a hospital, assisted local schools, organized a cooperative of handicrafts producers, and carried out numerous activities in agriculture and community development in Grande Rivière du Nord. Since 1979, MCC programs in the northeast and Artibonite Valley have focused on community development, reforestation, and community health.

Following hurricanes in 1963 and 1966, Mennonite Disaster Service (MDS) and MCC cooperated to construct houses in Côtes de Fer and Marigot. Various MDS team members continued to relate to several Haitian pastors they had met, particularly in Miragoane. Several independently constituted Mennonite organizations began visiting on a regular basis. Short-term workers came under the auspices of these organizations to work with the Haitian pastors in health clinics, agriculture, well-drilling, and construction of schools and churches.

In 1963 MCC introduced several representatives of the Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (Holdeman), to the government of Haiti and was instrumental in helping them get established. Registered in Haiti as "Mission Mennonite" (Église de Dieu en Christ, Mennonite), they became involved in church planting, nutrition, tuberculosis control, and water catchment for poor families. Goshen College established a Study Service Trimester program (SST) in Haiti in 1969, bringing college students to the island for short-term service and international education. Since early 1986, the SST unit was not operational. Eastern Mennonite Board of Missions and Charities (MC) has been involved since the mid-1960s in the Extension Bible School Program (EBEX) of the Council of Evangelical Churches of Haiti (CEEH). In 1986 an Eastern Board missionary couple was seconded to CEEH to work full-time in the EBEX leadership training program.

Among other Mennonite organizations with significant programs in Haiti are Mennonite Economic Development Associates, Blue Ridge Christian Homes (Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship), Palm Grove Mission Board, Virginia Conference Mission Board, Christian Fellowship Mission, Gospel Mission to Haiti and Sonlight Mission (Église Mennonite Sonlight Mission). A meeting of the proliferating Mennonite groups working in Haiti was organized in 1978 for the purpose of sharing concerns and common interests. This meeting, usually held in January, has continued almost annually since then. -- Eldon Stoltzfus

2020 Update

In 2009 MCC supported community tree nurseries and environmental education for churches, schools and communities in the Artibonite Valley. MCC workers served with two human rights networks, giving workshops on human rights and documenting human rights violations. MCC supported other partner organizations with programs in education, job training, literacy, conflict resolution and microfinance, and also supported the Christian Center for Integrated Development and Micah Challenge, which worked through Haitian churches to realize a biblical vision of social justice.

In 2020 the following Anabaptist groups were active in Haiti:


Denomination Members
in 2006 		Congregations
in 2006 		Members
in 2012 		Congregations
in 2012 		Members
in 2020 		Congregations
in 2020
Assemblée de la Grâce 2,427 27 2,750 27 3,215 20
Beachy Amish     30  1 
Gospel Light Chapel / Chapelle Evangélique de Lumière 678 10 678 14 1,200 15
L'Eglise de Dieu en Christ Mennonite (Haïti) 495 18 914 21 1,041 24
Son Light Ministries 200 5 200 5
Washington-Franklin Mennonite Conference 27 1 45 1 48 1
Total 3,827 61 4,617 69  5,504 60

See also Communion Mennonite d'Haiti.

Bibliography

Mennonite Church Directory (2020): 35.

Mennonite World Conference. "Global Map: Haiti." Mennonite World Conference. Web. 30 March 2021. https://mwc-cmm.org/global-map.

Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America & The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010.[broken link].

Mennonite World Conference. World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées. Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 22.

Mennonite World Handbook Supplement. Strasbourg, France, and Lombard, IL: Mennonite World Conference, 1984: 77-79.

"Peaceful waters: the Mennonite church in the Caribbean." Courier Correo Courrier 35, no. 1 (April 2020): 13.

Stoltzfus, Elaine. Tending the Vision, Planting the Seed. Akron, PA: Mennonite Central Committee, 1987.

Wikipedia. "Haiti." Web. 31 October 2010. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti.


Author(s) Eldon Stoltzfus
Samuel J. Steiner
Date Published April 2020

Cite This Article

MLA style

Stoltzfus, Eldon and Samuel J. Steiner. "Haiti." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. April 2020. Web. 21 Nov 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Haiti&oldid=170999.

APA style

Stoltzfus, Eldon and Samuel J. Steiner. (April 2020). Haiti. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 21 November 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Haiti&oldid=170999.



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Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, pp. 360-361. All rights reserved.


©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.

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