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Display of the national flag, a symbol that evokes powerful feelings of allegiance, is a controversial practice among some Mennonites. Congregational dissension over this emblem stems from debate regarding the separation of church and state, a principle embraced by 16th-century [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]]. | Display of the national flag, a symbol that evokes powerful feelings of allegiance, is a controversial practice among some Mennonites. Congregational dissension over this emblem stems from debate regarding the separation of church and state, a principle embraced by 16th-century [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]]. | ||
| − | [[File:usflag.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''U.S. flag | + | [[File:usflag.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''U.S. flag'']] In the [[United States of America|United States]], the refusal of a Mennonite pupil to salute the flag in 1918 in [[West Liberty (Ohio, USA)|West Liberty]], Ohio, led to civil prosecution. Similar incidents followed. In 1943 the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the rights of persons conscientiously opposed to saluting the flag. |
| − | + | Flags began appearing in American church sanctuaries during the Spanish-American War and during the two World Wars. Wartime stresses led some historic peace churches to display prominently their respect for country and gratitude for religious liberty. Certain congregations within the [[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite Church]], [[Mennonite Brethren Church]], and [[Evangelical Mennonite Brethren|Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Church]] displayed flags, although some congregations removed them during the postwar years. | |
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| − | Flags began appearing in American church sanctuaries during the Spanish-American War and during the two World Wars. Wartime stresses led some historic peace churches to display prominently their respect for country and gratitude for religious liberty. Certain congregations within the General Conference Mennonite Church, Mennonite Brethren Church, and Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Church displayed flags, although some congregations removed them during the postwar years. | ||
American congregations of the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church (MC)]] and those of smaller Mennonite groups which emphasize nonconformity have never displayed flags. Moreover, Mennonites in most other countries do not exhibit their national flags. In the 1980s, international guests at Mennonite gatherings in the United States where flags are present have critiqued the practice. | American congregations of the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church (MC)]] and those of smaller Mennonite groups which emphasize nonconformity have never displayed flags. Moreover, Mennonites in most other countries do not exhibit their national flags. In the 1980s, international guests at Mennonite gatherings in the United States where flags are present have critiqued the practice. | ||
| − | [[ | + | The national flag of [[Canada]] was the Union Jack until gradually replaced by the Red Ensign beginning in 1924 and finally by the Maple Leaf flag in 1965. In the Canadian prairie provinces flying the Union Jack flag was an issue in the early 20th century associated with the forced closing of German language Mennonite private schools and their replacement by Provincial [[Public Schools|public schools]]. These Provincial governments demanded all public schools raise the national flag each morning. Thus many Mennonites felt the flag was a military symbol and associated it with Canada braking its promise to Mennonites that they could have their own schools. |
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| + | [[File:reelflg.gif|300px|thumb|right|''Canadian flag'']] From the last half of the 20th century the flag has not been as controversial an issue in Canada. This perhaps has meant that many Canadian Mennonites have also been less hesitant to display the flag in their homes or when travelling. | ||
| + | In 1515 the radical Reformer [[Müntzer, Thomas (1488/9-1525)|Thomas Müntzer]] (1489-1525) raised as his banner the [[Rainbow Flag]] as he led his followers in the disastrous [[Peasants' War, 1524-1525|Great German Peasants' War]]. They chose the symbol of the rainbow on their flag as a sign of new hope and as a symbol of God's everlasting covenant with humanity (Genesis 9:12-13). | ||
= Bibliography = | = Bibliography = | ||
<em class="gameo_bibliography">An Annotated Bibliography of Mennonite Writings on War and Peace, 1930-1980</em>, ed. Willard Swartley and Cornelius J. Dyck. Scottdale, PA : Herald Press 1987: 417-18. | <em class="gameo_bibliography">An Annotated Bibliography of Mennonite Writings on War and Peace, 1930-1980</em>, ed. Willard Swartley and Cornelius J. Dyck. Scottdale, PA : Herald Press 1987: 417-18. | ||
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Smucker, J. N. "Editorial." <em class="gameo_bibliography">Mennonite</em> 68 (1 December 1953): 739. | Smucker, J. N. "Editorial." <em class="gameo_bibliography">Mennonite</em> 68 (1 December 1953): 739. | ||
| − | + | {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, p. 299|date=2019|a1_last=Goossen|a1_first=Rachel Waltner|a2_last=Wiebe|a2_first=Victor G}} | |
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| − | {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, p. 299|date= | ||
Latest revision as of 14:39, 21 October 2019
Display of the national flag, a symbol that evokes powerful feelings of allegiance, is a controversial practice among some Mennonites. Congregational dissension over this emblem stems from debate regarding the separation of church and state, a principle embraced by 16th-century Anabaptists.
In the United States, the refusal of a Mennonite pupil to salute the flag in 1918 in West Liberty, Ohio, led to civil prosecution. Similar incidents followed. In 1943 the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the rights of persons conscientiously opposed to saluting the flag.
Flags began appearing in American church sanctuaries during the Spanish-American War and during the two World Wars. Wartime stresses led some historic peace churches to display prominently their respect for country and gratitude for religious liberty. Certain congregations within the General Conference Mennonite Church, Mennonite Brethren Church, and Evangelical Mennonite Brethren Church displayed flags, although some congregations removed them during the postwar years.
American congregations of the Mennonite Church (MC) and those of smaller Mennonite groups which emphasize nonconformity have never displayed flags. Moreover, Mennonites in most other countries do not exhibit their national flags. In the 1980s, international guests at Mennonite gatherings in the United States where flags are present have critiqued the practice.
The national flag of Canada was the Union Jack until gradually replaced by the Red Ensign beginning in 1924 and finally by the Maple Leaf flag in 1965. In the Canadian prairie provinces flying the Union Jack flag was an issue in the early 20th century associated with the forced closing of German language Mennonite private schools and their replacement by Provincial public schools. These Provincial governments demanded all public schools raise the national flag each morning. Thus many Mennonites felt the flag was a military symbol and associated it with Canada braking its promise to Mennonites that they could have their own schools.
From the last half of the 20th century the flag has not been as controversial an issue in Canada. This perhaps has meant that many Canadian Mennonites have also been less hesitant to display the flag in their homes or when travelling.
In 1515 the radical Reformer Thomas Müntzer (1489-1525) raised as his banner the Rainbow Flag as he led his followers in the disastrous Great German Peasants' War. They chose the symbol of the rainbow on their flag as a sign of new hope and as a symbol of God's everlasting covenant with humanity (Genesis 9:12-13).
Bibliography
An Annotated Bibliography of Mennonite Writings on War and Peace, 1930-1980, ed. Willard Swartley and Cornelius J. Dyck. Scottdale, PA : Herald Press 1987: 417-18.
Manwaring, David R. Render unto Caesar. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1962.
Waltner Goossen, Rachel and Robert S. Kreider. When Good people Quarrel: Studies of Conflict Resolution. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1989, esp. ch. titled "That Our Flag Was Still There: the Flag in the Church" and "A Schoolboy Refuses to Salute the Flag."
Hartzler, R. L. "Time to Move Them Out." Christian Evangel 34 (May 1946): 99-100.
Smucker, J. N. "Editorial." Mennonite 68 (1 December 1953): 739.
| Author(s) | Rachel Waltner Goossen |
|---|---|
| Victor G Wiebe | |
| Date Published | 2019 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Goossen, Rachel Waltner and Victor G Wiebe. "Flag." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 2019. Web. 25 Nov 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Flag&oldid=164880.
APA style
Goossen, Rachel Waltner and Victor G Wiebe. (2019). Flag. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 25 November 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Flag&oldid=164880.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, p. 299. All rights reserved.
©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.