View source for Friedmann, Robert (1891-1970)

[[File:FriedmannRobert.jpg|250px|thumb|right|''Robert Friedmann'']]
Robert Friedmann was a major interpreter of Swiss-South German and Austrian [[Anabaptism|Anabaptism]] from the 1920s to 1970. He also wrote a major work on the effect of classic [[Pietism]] upon South German and Swiss Mennonites up to the 19th century. 

Born 9 June 1891 in Vienna into a liberal Jewish family, Friedmann studied in various fields, including engineering and the various natural sciences. The disillusionment following the First World War deeply affected Friedmann, and he reentered the university (Vienna) in 1920 as a student of history and philosophy (DPhil, 1924). His scholarly work in Anabaptism began in 1923 when he prepared a seminar paper on the contents of three Hutterian codices, which "gripped [him] profoundly." Friedmann's first publications on Anabaptist themes came in 1927; his scholarly efforts led to a host of publications in Anabaptist studies over the next four decades. He was assistant editor of the [[Mennonite Encyclopedia, The|''Mennonite Encyclopedia'']] I-IV, 1947-59, responsible for the former Austrian-Hungarian territories, and for the [[Hutterian Brethren (Hutterische Brüder)|Hutterian Brethren]]--himself writing more than 200 articles. He was also a perennial contributor to [[Mennonite Quarterly Review|''Mennonite Quarterly Review'']], ''Church History'' and ''Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte''.

In 1939 Friedmann was imprisoned in Vienna for 12 days along with Jews and others of Jewish background, then freed by friends who counseled him to emigrate immediately. He went, first to England, then to Yale Divinity School through the efforts of Roland Bainton, and then to [[Goshen (Indiana, USA)|Goshen]], [[Indiana (USA)|Indiana]] through the efforts of [[Bender, Harold Stauffer (1897-1962)|Harold S. Bender]]. For several years he helped organize the Goshen College [[Mennonite Historical Library (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Mennonite Historical Library]]. He became a baptized member of the [[Eighth Street Mennonite Church (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Eighth Street Mennonite Church]] ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite Church]]) during this time. In 1945 he accepted a position in history and philosophy at Western Michigan University (Kalamazoo) which he held to the time of his retirement, working closely with the Goshen Anabaptist research center throughout this time.

Friedmann is perhaps best known for his view of Anabaptism as being "existential Christianity" (see his ''Theology of Anabaptism, ''1973). His influence upon Harold Bender's classic synthesis of Anabaptism, "[[The Anabaptist Vision|The Anabaptist Vision]]" (1944), has been documented (see Leonard Gross, "Recasting the Anabaptist Vision: the Longer View," <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review </em>60 [1986], 352-363). He also published many articles on the [[Hutterian Brethren (Hutterische Brüder)|Hutterites]], appreciating this tradition deeply. In 1961, as a 70th-birthday tribute, a volume was published honoring Friedmann's lifelong scholarship pertaining to the Hutterites: ''Hutterite studies, essays by Robert Friedmann'', ed., [[Bender, Harold Stauffer (1897-1962)|Harold S. Bender]].

An important book-length manuscript written in 1954, but first published in 2017 was Friedmann's "Design for living," which defined the nature of life in a manner that is at the same time to a great extent the sum and substance of the Anabaptist view of [[Discipleship|discipleship]], but described in philosophical terms.

Robert Friedmann died 28 July 1970.
= Bibliography =
Friedmann, Robert. ''Mennonite piety through the centuries: its genius and its literature''. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. Reprinted Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1976.

_____. ''Hutterite studies, essays by Robert Friedmann,'' edited by Harold S. Bender. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1961.

''Die Schriften der Huterischen Täufergemeinschaften. Gesamtkatalog ihrer Manuskriptbücher, ihrer Schreiber und ihrer Literatur, 1529-1667''. Zusammengestellt von Robert Friedmann unter Mitarbeit von Adolf Mais. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften. Phil.-Hist. Klasse. Denkschriften, 86. Band. Wien, Austria: Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., 1965.

''Glaubenszeugnisse oberdeutscher Taufgesinnter, II''. Mit Benutzung der von Lydia Müller gesammelten Texte herausgegeben von Robert Friedmann, Quellen zur Geschichte der Täufer, Band XII. Gütersloh : G. Mohn 1967.

Friedmann, Robert. ''The theology of Anabaptism : an interpretation''. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1973.

_____. ''Design for living: regard, concern, service, and love," edited by Maxwell Kennel. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2017.

Gross, Leonard. "Robert Friedmann, Anabaptist scholar, dies." ''Gospel Herald'' 63, no. 34 (1 September 1970): 725-726. Available in full electronic text at http://libraryguides.ambs.edu/c.php?g=375300&p=2539488.

''Mennonite Quarterly Review'' 47 (April 1974) Special memorial issue including an extensive Friedmann bibliography, 1927-1973.

"[Robert Friedmann]." ''Mennonite Brethren Herald'' 9, no. 16 (21 August 1970): 21.

{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 5, p. 311-312|date=December 2019|a1_last=Gross|a1_first=Leonard|a2_last= |a2_first= }}
[[Category:Persons]]
[[Category:College/University Faculty and Staff]]
[[Category:Writers]]