https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Totleben,_Eduard_Ivanovich_von_(1818-1884)&feed=atom&action=historyTotleben, Eduard Ivanovich von (1818-1884) - Revision history2024-03-29T01:03:26ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.1https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Totleben,_Eduard_Ivanovich_von_(1818-1884)&diff=147268&oldid=prevRichardThiessen: Published article.2017-02-23T07:04:15Z<p>Published article.</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>General Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (or Todleben): military engineer and political leader; born 20 May 1818 in Mitau, [[Courland (Latvia)|Courland]] (now Latvia)<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. He studied engineering but joined the Russian Army in 1836, eventually becoming adjutant to Tsar [[Alexander II, Emperor of Russia (1818-1881)|Alexander II]] of [[Russia]]. The general was involved in negotiations with the Mennonites who planned to emigrate over the question of [[Military Participation|military participation]]</del>. He died on 1 July 1884 in Bad Soden, [[Germany]] and was buried in Sevastopol, Russia. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[File:Totleben.jpg|300px|thumbnail|right|''Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (1818-1884).<br /></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Source: [http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/enemy-commanders-britains-greatest-foes/eduard-totleben National Army Museum]''.]]</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"> </td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>General Eduard Ivanovich <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">von </ins>Totleben (or Todleben): military engineer and political leader; born 20 May 1818 in Mitau, [[Courland (Latvia)|Courland]] (now <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Jelgava, </ins>Latvia). He died on 1 July 1884 in Bad Soden, [[Germany]] and was buried in Sevastopol, Russia. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Eduard <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">von Totleben </del>was born to parents of German descent in what is now Jelgava, Latvia. His parents groomed him for a career in commerce, but instead he studied to become a military engineer. He joined the Imperial Russian Army in <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1936 </del>and was eventually appointed adjutant (aide) to Tsar Alexander II, who was ruler from 1855 to 1881. Eduard von Totleben became Governor General of Vilna in 1880 and was also given the title of hereditary count. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Eduard was born to parents of German descent in what is now Jelgava, Latvia. His parents groomed him for a career in commerce, but instead he studied to become a military engineer. He joined the Imperial Russian Army in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1836 </ins>and was eventually appointed adjutant (aide) to Tsar <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Alexander II<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, Emperor of Russia (1818-1881)|Alexander II]] of [[Russia]]</ins>, who was ruler from 1855 to 1881. Eduard von Totleben became Governor General of Vilna in 1880 and was also given the title of hereditary count. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>General von Totleben’s connection with the Mennonites came in the 1870s when the Russian government passed a law of universal military [[Conscription|conscription]], planning to end all special [[Privileges (Privilegia)|privileges]] for German colonists by 1880. This law threatened the Mennonites’ theology of [[Nonresistance|nonresistance]] as well as their control over schooling, prompting members of the [[Bergthal Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Bergthal Mennonite Settlement]] and others to consider emigration. The <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tsar </del>sent Totleben to try to persuade the Mennonites to stay, offering them the option of the forestry service (''[[Forsteidienst]]'') for their young men as an alternative to military involvement. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>General von Totleben’s connection with the Mennonites came in the 1870s when the Russian government passed a law of universal military [[Conscription|conscription]], planning to end all special [[Privileges (Privilegia)|privileges]] for German colonists by 1880. This law threatened the Mennonites’ theology of [[Nonresistance|nonresistance]] as well as their control over schooling, prompting members of the [[Bergthal Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Bergthal Mennonite Settlement]] and others to consider emigration. The <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tsar </ins>sent Totleben to try to persuade the Mennonites to stay, offering them the option of the forestry service (''[[Forsteidienst]]'') for their young men as an alternative to military involvement. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 11 April 1874, General von Totleben arrived in the [[Molotschna Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Molotschna Mennonite Settlement]], where many people accepted the offer of forestry service as an alternative to military involvement. He also met with a delegation from the Bergthal Mennonite Settlement in [[Halbstadt (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Halbstadt]] on 20 April 1874, giving them the same offer. In addition, he held a special meeting for those people who had already sold their land, offering to help them get their property back if they decided to stay. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 11 April 1874, General von Totleben arrived in the [[Molotschna Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Molotschna Mennonite Settlement]], where many people accepted the offer of forestry service as an alternative to military involvement. He also met with a delegation from the Bergthal Mennonite Settlement in [[Halbstadt (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Halbstadt]] on 20 April 1874, giving them the same offer. In addition, he held a special meeting for those people who had already sold their land, offering to help them get their property back if they decided to stay. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In his negotiations with the Bergthal Mennonites, General von Totleben tried to persuade them to send a delegation to the governor to discuss the matter. When he was unsuccessful in persuading the group to stay in Russia, General von Totleben instead helped them <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">to </del>obtain permission from the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">tsar </del>to leave and gave them passports for their trip. Later, in a report to the Minister of the Interior, the general said that he had given permission to the minority in to avoid making the majority suspicious.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In his negotiations with the Bergthal Mennonites, General von Totleben tried to persuade them to send a delegation to the governor to discuss the matter. When he was unsuccessful in persuading the group to stay in Russia, General von Totleben instead helped them obtain permission from the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Tsar </ins>to leave and gave them passports for their trip. Later, in a report to the Minister of the Interior, the general said that he had given permission to the minority in <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">order </ins>to avoid making the majority suspicious.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>General Eduard von Totleben’s contact with the Mennonites of Russia was limited, but his work helped to establish a pattern of emigration which would later bring many more Mennonites to [[North America]] and other areas of the world. </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>General Eduard von Totleben’s contact with the Mennonites of Russia was limited, but his work helped to establish a pattern of emigration which would later bring many more Mennonites to [[North America]] and other areas of the world. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Krahn, <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Cornelius</del>. "<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Allgemeine Bundeskonferenz der Mennonitengemeinden in Russland</del>." <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1955. </del>Web. 7 <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Feb </del>2017. http://<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">gameo</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">org</del>/<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">index</del>.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">php?title=Allgemeine_Bundeskonferenz_der_Mennonitengemeinden_in_Russland&oldid=132601</del>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Krahn, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Henry C</ins>. "<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Manitoba History: Review: Gerhard Wiebe, translated by Helen Janzen, Causes and History of the Emigration of the Mennonites from Russia to America</ins>." Web. 7 <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">February </ins>2017. http://<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">www</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/04</ins>/<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">mennoniteemigration</ins>.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">shtml</ins>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Krahn, Henry C. “Manitoba History: Review: Gerhard Wiebe, translated by Helen Janzen, Causes and History of the Emigration of the Mennonites from Russia to America.” Web. 7 February 2017. http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/04/mennoniteemigration.shtml.</del></div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>National Army Museum. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"Eduard </ins>Totleben.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>Web. 7 Feb 2017. http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/enemy-commanders-britains-greatest-foes/eduard-totleben.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div> </div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>National Army Museum. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“Eduard </del>Totleben.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">” </del>Web. 7 Feb 2017. http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/enemy-commanders-britains-greatest-foes/eduard-totleben.</div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neff, Christian. "Alexander II, Emperor of Russia (1818-1881)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. December 2007. Web. 7 Feb 2017. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Alexander_II,_Emperor_of_Russia_(1818-1881)&oldid=144690.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Neff, Christian. "Alexander II, Emperor of Russia (1818-1881)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. December 2007. Web. 7 Feb 2017. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Alexander_II,_Emperor_of_Russia_(1818-1881)&oldid=144690.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Schroeder, William. The Bergthal Colony<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, </del>Revised Edition. Winnipeg: CMBC Publications, 1986.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Schroeder, William. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>The Bergthal Colony<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.'' </ins>Revised Edition. Winnipeg<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">, MB</ins>: CMBC Publications, 1986.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Wikipedia.org. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">“Alexanderwohl </del>Mennonite Church.<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">” </del>Web. 7 February 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexanderwohl_Mennonite_Church.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Wikipedia.org. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">"Alexanderwohl </ins>Mennonite Church.<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">" </ins>Web. 7 February 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexanderwohl_Mennonite_Church.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Wikipedia.org. “Eduard Totleben.” Web. 7 February 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Totleben.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Wikipedia.org. “Eduard Totleben.” Web. 7 February 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Totleben.</div></td></tr>
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</table>RichardThiessenhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Totleben,_Eduard_Ivanovich_von_(1818-1884)&diff=147157&oldid=prevSusanHuebert: Created page with "General Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (or Todleben): military engineer and political leader; born 20 May 1818 in Mitau, Courland (now Latvia). He studied eng..."2017-02-07T21:04:56Z<p>Created page with "General Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (or Todleben): military engineer and political leader; born 20 May 1818 in Mitau, <a href="/index.php?title=Courland_(Latvia)" title="Courland (Latvia)">Courland</a> (now Latvia). He studied eng..."</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>General Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (or Todleben): military engineer and political leader; born 20 May 1818 in Mitau, [[Courland (Latvia)|Courland]] (now Latvia). He studied engineering but joined the Russian Army in 1836, eventually becoming adjutant to Tsar [[Alexander II, Emperor of Russia (1818-1881)|Alexander II]] of [[Russia]]. The general was involved in negotiations with the Mennonites who planned to emigrate over the question of [[Military Participation|military participation]]. He died on 1 July 1884 in Bad Soden, [[Germany]] and was buried in Sevastopol, Russia. <br />
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Eduard von Totleben was born to parents of German descent in what is now Jelgava, Latvia. His parents groomed him for a career in commerce, but instead he studied to become a military engineer. He joined the Imperial Russian Army in 1936 and was eventually appointed adjutant (aide) to Tsar Alexander II, who was ruler from 1855 to 1881. Eduard von Totleben became Governor General of Vilna in 1880 and was also given the title of hereditary count. <br />
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General von Totleben’s connection with the Mennonites came in the 1870s when the Russian government passed a law of universal military [[Conscription|conscription]], planning to end all special [[Privileges (Privilegia)|privileges]] for German colonists by 1880. This law threatened the Mennonites’ theology of [[Nonresistance|nonresistance]] as well as their control over schooling, prompting members of the [[Bergthal Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Bergthal Mennonite Settlement]] and others to consider emigration. The tsar sent Totleben to try to persuade the Mennonites to stay, offering them the option of the forestry service (''[[Forsteidienst]]'') for their young men as an alternative to military involvement. <br />
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On 11 April 1874, General von Totleben arrived in the [[Molotschna Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Molotschna Mennonite Settlement]], where many people accepted the offer of forestry service as an alternative to military involvement. He also met with a delegation from the Bergthal Mennonite Settlement in [[Halbstadt (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Halbstadt]] on 20 April 1874, giving them the same offer. In addition, he held a special meeting for those people who had already sold their land, offering to help them get their property back if they decided to stay. <br />
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In his negotiations with the Bergthal Mennonites, General von Totleben tried to persuade them to send a delegation to the governor to discuss the matter. When he was unsuccessful in persuading the group to stay in Russia, General von Totleben instead helped them to obtain permission from the tsar to leave and gave them passports for their trip. Later, in a report to the Minister of the Interior, the general said that he had given permission to the minority in to avoid making the majority suspicious.<br />
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General Eduard von Totleben’s contact with the Mennonites of Russia was limited, but his work helped to establish a pattern of emigration which would later bring many more Mennonites to [[North America]] and other areas of the world. <br />
= Bibliography =<br />
Krahn, Cornelius. "Allgemeine Bundeskonferenz der Mennonitengemeinden in Russland." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1955. Web. 7 Feb 2017. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Allgemeine_Bundeskonferenz_der_Mennonitengemeinden_in_Russland&oldid=132601.<br />
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Krahn, Henry C. “Manitoba History: Review: Gerhard Wiebe, translated by Helen Janzen, Causes and History of the Emigration of the Mennonites from Russia to America.” Web. 7 February 2017. http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/04/mennoniteemigration.shtml.<br />
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National Army Museum. “Eduard Totleben.” Web. 7 Feb 2017. http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/enemy-commanders-britains-greatest-foes/eduard-totleben.<br />
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Neff, Christian. "Alexander II, Emperor of Russia (1818-1881)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. December 2007. Web. 7 Feb 2017. http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Alexander_II,_Emperor_of_Russia_(1818-1881)&oldid=144690.<br />
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Schroeder, William. The Bergthal Colony, Revised Edition. Winnipeg: CMBC Publications, 1986.<br />
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Wikipedia.org. “Alexanderwohl Mennonite Church.” Web. 7 February 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexanderwohl_Mennonite_Church.<br />
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Wikipedia.org. “Eduard Totleben.” Web. 7 February 2017. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduard_Totleben.<br />
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