https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Burkholder,_Christian_(1746-1809)&feed=atom&action=historyBurkholder, Christian (1746-1809) - Revision history2024-03-29T08:05:29ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.1https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Burkholder,_Christian_(1746-1809)&diff=177228&oldid=prevSamSteiner: Text replacement - "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches" to "[[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"2023-08-08T19:18:45Z<p>Text replacement - "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches" to "[[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[LMC: <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">A </del>Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] <em>[[Christliches Gemütsgespräch (Monograph)|Christliches Gemütsgespräch]]</em>, with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[LMC: <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">a </ins>Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] <em>[[Christliches Gemütsgespräch (Monograph)|Christliches Gemütsgespräch]]</em>, with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.</div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Burkholder,_Christian_(1746-1809)&diff=176754&oldid=prevSamSteiner: Text replacement - "[[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)" to "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"2023-08-08T18:55:00Z<p>Text replacement - "[[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)" to "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)</del>|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] <em>[[Christliches Gemütsgespräch (Monograph)|Christliches Gemütsgespräch]]</em>, with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches</ins>|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] <em>[[Christliches Gemütsgespräch (Monograph)|Christliches Gemütsgespräch]]</em>, with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.</div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Burkholder,_Christian_(1746-1809)&diff=143506&oldid=prevRichardThiessen: Text replace - "<em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em>" to "''Mennonite Quarterly Review''"2017-01-15T23:04:40Z<p>Text replace - "<em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em>" to "''Mennonite Quarterly Review''"</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:04, 15 January 2017</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book would still be profitable and attractive reading, formulating the Mennonite position over against that of the newer (revivalistic) churches. It is the last literary product of the "colonial period" of the Mennonites. I. D. Landis presents in his article on Burkholder a thorough analysis of its contents.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book would still be profitable and attractive reading, formulating the Mennonite position over against that of the newer (revivalistic) churches. It is the last literary product of the "colonial period" of the Mennonites. I. D. Landis presents in his article on Burkholder a thorough analysis of its contents.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bender, Harold S. "Literature and Hymnology of the Mennonites of Lancaster County." <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em></del>Mennonite Quarterly Review<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"></em> </del>(1932): 160 ff.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bender, Harold S. "Literature and Hymnology of the Mennonites of Lancaster County." <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">''</ins>Mennonite Quarterly Review<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">'' </ins>(1932): 160 ff.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Bishop Christian Burkholder." SAGA (Swiss Anabaptist Genealogical Association) Genealogical Website. Accessed 6 July 2007 &lt;[http://www.saga-omii.com/tng/getperson.php http://www.saga-omii.com/tng/getperson.php?personID=I108&amp;tree=hoover]&gt;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>"Bishop Christian Burkholder." SAGA (Swiss Anabaptist Genealogical Association) Genealogical Website. Accessed 6 July 2007 &lt;[http://www.saga-omii.com/tng/getperson.php http://www.saga-omii.com/tng/getperson.php?personID=I108&amp;tree=hoover]&gt;</div></td></tr>
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</table>RichardThiessenhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Burkholder,_Christian_(1746-1809)&diff=128399&oldid=prevRichardThiessen: Corrected hyperlink.2014-12-05T05:26:20Z<p>Corrected hyperlink.</p>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] [[Christliches Gemütsgespräch|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em></del>Christliches Gemütsgespräch</em><del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</del>, with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><em></ins>[[Christliches Gemütsgespräch <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(Monograph)</ins>|Christliches Gemütsgespräch<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins></em>, with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.</div></td></tr>
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</table>RichardThiessenhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Burkholder,_Christian_(1746-1809)&diff=91292&oldid=prevGameoAdmin: CSV import - 201308232013-08-23T13:56:31Z<p>CSV import - 20130823</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:56, 23 August 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l3" >Line 3:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 3:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] [[Christliches Gemütsgespräch|<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;</del>em<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&gt;</del>Christliches Gemütsgespräch<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&lt;</del>/em<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">&gt;</del>]], with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] [[Christliches Gemütsgespräch|<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>em<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></ins>Christliches Gemütsgespräch<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline"><</ins>/em<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">></ins>]], with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.</div></td></tr>
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</table>GameoAdminhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Burkholder,_Christian_(1746-1809)&diff=86376&oldid=prevGameoAdmin: CSV import - 201308202013-08-20T19:39:20Z<p>CSV import - 20130820</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 19:39, 20 August 2013</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l8" >Line 8:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 8:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book would still be profitable and attractive reading, formulating the Mennonite position over against that of the newer (revivalistic) churches. It is the last literary product of the "colonial period" of the Mennonites. I. D. Landis presents in his article on Burkholder a thorough analysis of its contents.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The book would still be profitable and attractive reading, formulating the Mennonite position over against that of the newer (revivalistic) churches. It is the last literary product of the "colonial period" of the Mennonites. I. D. Landis presents in his article on Burkholder a thorough analysis of its contents.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>= Bibliography =</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bender, Harold S. "Literature and Hymnology of the Mennonites of Lancaster County." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> (1932): 160 ff.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Bender, Harold S. "Literature and Hymnology of the Mennonites of Lancaster County." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> (1932): 160 ff.</div></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 18:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Weaver, Martin G. <em>Mennonites of Lancaster Conference: containing biographical sketches of Mennonite leaders, histories of congregations, missions, and Sunday schools, record of ordinations, and other interesting historical data</em>. Scottdale, PA: Mennonite Publishing House, 1931. Reprinted Ephrata, PA: Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church Publicaiton Board, 1982: 125 ff.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Weaver, Martin G. <em>Mennonites of Lancaster Conference: containing biographical sketches of Mennonite leaders, histories of congregations, missions, and Sunday schools, record of ordinations, and other interesting historical data</em>. Scottdale, PA: Mennonite Publishing House, 1931. Reprinted Ephrata, PA: Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church Publicaiton Board, 1982: 125 ff.</div></td></tr>
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</table>GameoAdminhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Burkholder,_Christian_(1746-1809)&diff=55272&oldid=prevGameoAdmin: CSV import - 201308162013-08-16T18:46:29Z<p>CSV import - 20130816</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>Christian Burkholder, (born 1 June 1746, died 13 May 1809), an outstanding Mennonite ([[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]]) bishop of [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]], [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], was the son of Christian Burkholder, Sr., of [[Gerolsheim (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)|Gerolsheim]] in the [[Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)|Palatinate]], a prominent leader who did much to aid his afflicted brethren in the Upper Rhine area. While preparing for the emigration to Pennsylvania the elder Burkholder died (March 1755), leaving a widow with six small children, the oldest being Christian, Jr., then aged nine. [<span class="visualHighlight">Burkholder's parentage is disputed in later research; his father is most commonly determined to be Ulrich Burkholder who also died before emigration. See SAGA reference.</span>] The brave woman managed the voyage (then a difficult enterprise), and settled (1755) in Earl Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Christian grew up during the French and Indian War in this new Mennonite community which his father had partly planned and visualized. Before the Revolutionary War Christian married Anna Groff (died 13 November 1795), a granddaughter of the pioneer [[Groff, Hans (1661-1746)|Hans Groff.]] They made their farmstead home north of Farmersville. He was a brother of Peter Burkholder (the father of the later bishop, [[Burkholder, Peter (1783-1846)|Peter Burkholder]], of Virginia) and of Ulrich Burkholder, preacher at Bowmansville. He himself was a successful preacher and the father of eight children.<br />
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On 12 August 1770 Christian was ordained at [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale]], and was chosen bishop on 18 October 1778 for Earl and Brecknock townships. As such he was very active, traveling much and establishing new churches. He preached in the schoolhouse meetinghouse which had been built in 1755 on the land of Henry Landis (son-in-law of Hans Groff). The [[Weaverland Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Weaverland Church]] (1766) was then the only other meetinghouse in his district.<br />
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About 1790 a German Methodist movement sprang up in Pennsylvania. In 1792 [[Albright, Jacob (1759-1808)|Jacob Albright]] began organizing the [[Evangelical Association|Evangelical Association]], which had a center also at Hahnstown of Burkholder’s district. This movement proved to be a great temptation mainly to the younger generation to whom the [[Revivalism|revivalistic]] type of church movement strongly appealed. This most likely led Burkholder to counteract it in order to keep the youth in the Mennonite fold. The result is his renowned "Address to Youth Regarding True Repentance" (<em>Nützliche und erbauliche Anrede an die Jugend von der wahren Busse</em>), of 1792. We do not know whether these speeches were actually given (as might be assumed) or just written down for private circulation. In any case they were not printed until 1804. The address is a very strong and forceful appeal to loyalty to the time-honored and tested Christian way of the Mennonites, a teaching of the fundamentals of Christian living, and an exhortation to those of "faithful heart," showing them the true values of the faith of their fathers. It was an outstanding contribution to religious education, somewhat reminiscent of [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|van Braght’s]] <em>School of Moral Virtue</em> (<em>School der Deugd</em>). Eight German editions and five English during the 19th century prove the vitality of this small book. The first edition of 1804 was published without naming the author. A second, enlarged and somewhat changed edition, now signed by 27 ministers (all of the [[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Lancaster Mennonite Conference]]), was brought out later in the same year. It was probably adopted as an official church edition. Since 1839 the <em>Anrede</em> was printed as an appendix to [[Roosen, Gerrit (1612-1711)|G. Roosen’s]] [[Christliches Gemütsgespräch|&lt;em&gt;Christliches Gemütsgespräch&lt;/em&gt;]], with which it has much in common; and in 1857, when the latter was translated into English, Burkholder’s <em>Address</em> was also translated and again appended as Part IV to the <em>Conversation on Saving Faith</em>.<br />
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The book consists of three parts: (1) Concerning true repentance (this is the central theme of the entire book); (2) Concerning saving faith, and pure love of God and one’s neighbor (later this part was divided, and the section on love made an independent item exhorting people to yearn after true discipleship in brotherly love); (3) Concerning obedience to the Word of God and the full surrender of the soul into God’s hand. A smaller tract "Warning against Backsliding" followed. The second edition has a few new items of a more emotional, pietistic nature.<br />
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The book would still be profitable and attractive reading, formulating the Mennonite position over against that of the newer (revivalistic) churches. It is the last literary product of the "colonial period" of the Mennonites. I. D. Landis presents in his article on Burkholder a thorough analysis of its contents.<br />
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= Bibliography =<br />
Bender, Harold S. "Literature and Hymnology of the Mennonites of Lancaster County." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> (1932): 160 ff.<br />
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"Bishop Christian Burkholder." SAGA (Swiss Anabaptist Genealogical Association) Genealogical Website. Accessed 6 July 2007 &lt;[http://www.saga-omii.com/tng/getperson.php http://www.saga-omii.com/tng/getperson.php?personID=I108&amp;tree=hoover]&gt;<br />
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Friedmann, Robert. <em>Mennonite Piety Through the Centuries: its Genius and its Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1949. Reprinted Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1976: 238-244.<br />
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Landis, Ira D. "Bishop Christian Burkholder of Groffdale (1746-1809)."<em> Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> (1944): 145 f.<br />
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Weaver, Martin G. <em>Mennonites of Lancaster Conference: containing biographical sketches of Mennonite leaders, histories of congregations, missions, and Sunday schools, record of ordinations, and other interesting historical data</em>. Scottdale, PA: Mennonite Publishing House, 1931. Reprinted Ephrata, PA: Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church Publicaiton Board, 1982: 125 ff.<br />
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