Washington (USA)
Introduction
The State of Washington is located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. It is located north of Oregon, west of Idaho, and south of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The state has an area of 71,342 square miles (184,827 km²). Washington's population in 2012 was 6,897,012, with over half living in the Seattle metropolitan area.
Archaeological evidence suggests that the area was one of the first populated areas in North America. The area that is now Washington state was originally inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Chinook, Lummi, Quinault, Makah, Quileute, and Snohomish along the coast and the Cayuse, Nez Percé, Okanogan, Palouse, Spokane, Wenatchee, and Yakima in the interior.
The first European settlers arrived in 1775 and the area was claimed by Great Britain in 1811. Joint occupancy between Great Britain and the United States was established in 1818, and the area was highly contested by both countries until the Oregon Treaty was signed in 1846. The region was part of the Oregon Territory from 1848 until 1853, when it was separated from Oregon and became known as Washington Territory. Washington became the 42nd state of the United States in 1889.
Washington is a leading producer of lumber products and also produces a number of fruits and vegetables. Manufacturing includes the design and manufacture of aircraft, automotive, and computer software development.
In 2010 the ethnic composition of Washington was as follows: White: 77.3% (Non-Hispanic Whites 72.5%, White Hispanics 4.8%); Black or African American: 3.6%; Native Americans: 1.5%; Asian: 7.2% (1.4% Chinese, 1.4% Filipino, 1.0% Vietnamese, 0.9% Korean, 0.9% Indian, 0.5% Japanese, 0.3% Cambodian, 0.1% Laotian, 0.1% Thai); Pacific Islander: 0.6% (0.2% Samoan, 0.1% Guamanian, 0.1% Hawaiian); Two or more races: 4.7%; Some other race 5.1%. In 2009 the following ancestry groups were recorded in the state: 20.7% German; 12.6% Irish; 12.3% English; 8.2% Hispanic; 6.2% Norwegian; 3.9% French; 3.9% American; 3.8% Swedish; 3.6% Italian; 3.3% Scottish; 2.5% Scotch Irish; 2.5% Dutch; 1.9% Polish; and 1.8-2.0% Russian.
In 2001, 42% of the state's residents stated that someone in their household was affiliated with a church or other religious establishment. The major religious affiliations were: Protestant: 49% (Evangelical: 25%; Mainline: 23%; Other Protestant: 1%); Unaffiliated: 25%; Catholic: 16%; Latter-day Saint: 2%; Jewish: 1%; Muslim: 1%; other religions 3%. The percentage of non-religious people in Washington is higher than any other state other than Colorado.
1959 Article
The first Mennonites to settle in Washington came to Whiteman County in 1886, from Pulaski, Iowa. In 1893 these early settlers organized what is now the Onecho Mennonite Church. In 1900 a congregation, formerly from Freeman, South Dakota, moved to Adams County from Lane County, Oregon, and is now the Menno Mennonite Church. In 1918 the First Mennonite Church of Monroe was organized by settlers from Pretty Prairie, Kansas, and Corn, Oklahoma. The Newport Mennonite Church, known as Spring Valley, was organized in 1928 by settlers who began coming to this area in 1922. In 1944 the Mennonite Country Church east of Monroe was organized, and in 1945 the Glendale Mennonite Church of Lynden. The last congregation to be established in the 1950s was Warden. There were thus seven General Conference Mennonite churches in the state.
The one Mennonite Brethren (MB) church in Washington is the Whitehorn MB Church, near Blaine, which was organized in 1937. Of the eight churches, one is in the northeast, one in the south-east, two in the east central, two near Seattle, and two not far from Vancouver. Total membership in 1957 was 752—Mennonite Brethren 187, General Conference Mennonite 565. -- Willard W. Wiebe
1990 Update
Washington had Amish Mennonites and Swiss Mennonites in its Columbia plateau for 15 years before they organized a (General Conference Mennonite) congregation at Colfax in 1893. The Jacob Kauffman family moved from Kansas to Washington in 1878 by covered wagon, but most Menonites arrived after railroads opened the area, and some at Ritzville and Newport settled on railroad land. After 1957 new congregations formed at Pasco (unaffiliated but initially Mennonite Church-related) in 1967, Seattle (GCM, later also MC) in 1968, Ferndale (Mennonite Brethren) in 1980, Spokane (GCM) in 1981, and Othello (CGC) in 1987). Washington had 797 Mennonites in 1987, including 454 from the General Conference Mennonite Church; 229 Mennonite Brethren; 64 unaffiliated Mennonites; 28 Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (Holdeman); and 22 from the Mennonite Church (MC). General Conference Mennonites own Camrac, a retreat center near Leavenworth. Eastern Washington Mennonites began an Mennonite Central Committee relief sale in 1977. Congregations withdrew from Mennonite affiliation or disbanded at Colfax (GCM), Monroe (GCM), Seattle (MB), and Federal Way (MB). -- Hope Kauffman Lind
Bibliography
Burkholder, H. D. The Story of Our Conference and Churches. North Newton: Mennonite Press, 1951: 22-36.
Hertzler, Daniel. From Germantown to Steinbach. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1981: 173-185.
Horsch, James E., ed. Mennonite Yearbook and Directory. Scottdale: Mennonite Publishing House (198687): 45, 83, 102.
Lind, Hope Kauffman. Apart & together : Mennonites in Oregon and neighboring states, 1876-1976. Scottdale, PA: Herald Press, 1990.
Pacific Coast Conference (MC), Annual Report, (1986): 9.
Pacific District Conference (GCM), Annual Report, (1986): 12-13.
Wikipedia. "History of Washington (state)." 4 December 2013. Web. 26 December 2013. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Washington_(state).
Wikipedia. "Washington (state)." 25 December 2013. Web. 26 December 2013. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_(state).
| Author(s) | Willard W. Wiebe |
|---|---|
| Hope Kauffman Lind | |
| Date Published | 1989 |
Cite This Article
MLA style
Wiebe, Willard W. and Hope Kauffman Lind. "Washington (USA)." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. 1989. Web. 25 Nov 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Washington_(USA)&oldid=105220.
APA style
Wiebe, Willard W. and Hope Kauffman Lind. (1989). Washington (USA). Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 25 November 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Washington_(USA)&oldid=105220.
Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 4, pp. 892-893; vol. 5, p. 921. All rights reserved.
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