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Vermanung, the commonly used short form for a book published in 1542 by [[Marpeck, Pilgram (d. 1556)|Pilgram Marpeck]] and [[Scharnschlager, Leupold (d. 1563)|Leupold Scharnschlager]], two leaders in the South German [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] movement. The full title of the book is Vermanung; auch gantz klarer gründtlicher un(d) unwidersprechlicher bericht zu warer Christlicher . . . pundtssvereynigung allen waren glaubigen frummen und gutthertzigen menschen zu hilff and trost mit grund heyliger schrifft durch bewerung warer Tauff und Abentmals Christi sampt mitlauffung und erklärung irer gegensachen und Argumenten wider alle vermeynte Christliche Pündtnus so sich bissher un(d) noch under dem nammen Christi zutragend. Our knowledge of it has been greatly enhanced by [[Schwenckfeld, Caspar von (1489-1561)|Schwenckfeld]]'s rather condescending reply to it; the circumstances of its publication are known only from Schwenckfeld's correspondence. Although the book was not directed against Schwenckfeld, he felt attacked by it, and since he had a number of other complaints against Pilgram's brotherhood, he wrote the Judicium (see article [[Marpeck, Pilgram (d. 1556)|Marpeck]]) in reply.

About two thirds of the Vermanung is an expanded translation of the Bekentnisse van beyden Sacramenten published at [[Münster Anabaptists|Münster]] in 1533 (as discovered by Wray 1954, reported in Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte 1956), for which Bernt Rothmann is generally given credit, although actually six men signed the introduction. The two main subjects of both books are the sacraments of [[Baptism|baptism]] and [[Communion|communion]]. First there is a lengthy introduction (not present in the Bekentnisse) decrying the splintering of the Anabaptist movement into a variety of sects in the twelve years since 1530, and calling the discouraged to rally around the banner of Christ. Marpeck and Scharnschlager admitted that they used other confessions in the Vermanung, but such had first been tested and purified, because they believed that nothing is more dangerous than truth mixed with error. After the introduction there is a discussion of the term "sacrament", and then baptism is discussed. While the Bekentnisse had brilliant arguments against [[Infant Baptism|infant baptism]], the logic of adult baptism receives strong support only through the view of the church seen in the Vermanung, namely, that it is a suffering community; hence all forms of violence are categorically rejected, with a pointed reference to the outcome of the tragedy at Münster. Marpeck and his co-worker made a much sharper distinction between the Old and New Testaments than did the Bekentnisse, and at one point they rejected the typology of the Bekentnisse. On original sin, on baptism as pouring as well as immersion, on remaining faithful unto the end, and finally in the stress on the covenant, the Vermanung differs from the Bekentnisse. For a full discussion of the content of the Vermanung see the article [[Marpeck, Pilgram (d. 1556)|Marpeck]].

The Vermanung is one of the most important books written by the South German Anabaptists in the 16th century. It represents an attempt at unification outside of [[Switzerland|Switzerland]] and North Germany, which rejects the [[Hutterian Brethren (Hutterische Brüder)|Hutterian]] communism and is aware of what happened at Münster. Further it occasioned the lengthy debates with Caspar Schwenckfeld that forced the Marpeck brotherhood to think through the issues presented by the spiritualists.

In a letter to the Moravian churches in 1553, Marpeck mentioned that he was sending 20 "Bundeszeugnisse" and it is quite possible that this refers to copies of the Vermanung since it is also called "Das Buch der Bundesbezeugung." Robert Friedmann found a handwritten copy of the Vermanung among Hutterite codices in Austria.

Christian August Salig is the first modern writer to indicate knowledge of the Vermanung, and he knew it only through Schwenckfeld's Judicium. Two copies are known to exist, one in the British Museum (photocopy in Mennonite Historical Library [Goshen, Indiana]) and the other in the Württemberg Landesbibliothek in Stuttgart, from which the modern edition published in the Gedenkschrift was prepared. An English translation has been made (in Mennonite Historical Library [Goshen, Indiana]).

= Bibliography =
Bergsten, Torsten. "Pilgram Marbeck und seine Auseinandersetzung mit Caspar Schwenckfeld." Kyrkohistorisk Arsskrift. 1957 and 1958 (Uppsala).

Fast, Heinold. "Pilgram Marbeck und das oberdeutsche Täufertum." Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte (1956): 232.

Gedenkschrift zum 400-jährigen Jubiläum der Mennoniten . . . Karlsruhe, 1925: 185-281.

Kiwiet, Jan J. Pilgram Marbeck. Kassel, 1957.

Salig, Christian A. Vollstandige Historie der Augsburgischen Confession und derselben zugethanen Kirchen III. Halle, 1735: 1113 ff.

Wray, Frank J. "The 'Vermanung' of 1542 and Rothmann's 'Bekentnisse.'" Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte (1956): 243-51.

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@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 In a letter to the Moravian churches in 1553, Marpeck mentioned that he was sending 20 "Bundeszeugnisse" and it is quite possible that this refers to copies of the <em>Vermanung</em> since it is also called "Das Buch der Bundesbezeugung." Robert Friedmann found a handwritten copy of the <em>Vermanung </em>among Hutterite codices in Austria.
-Christian August Salig is the first modern writer to indicate knowledge of the <em>Vermanung</em>, and he knew it only through Schwenckfeld's Judicium. Two copies are known to exist, one in the British Museum (photocopy in Mennonite Historical Library [Goshen, Indiana]) and the other in the Württemberg Landesbibliothek in Stuttgart, from which the modern edition published in the <em>Gedenkschrift </em>was prepared. An English translation has been made (in Mennonite Historical Library [Goshen, Indiana]).
+Christian August Salig is the first modern writer to indicate knowledge of the <em>Vermanung</em>, and he knew it only through Schwenckfeld's ''Judicium''. Two copies are known to exist, one in the British Museum (photocopy in Mennonite Historical Library [Goshen, Indiana]) and the other in the Württemberg Landesbibliothek in Stuttgart, from which the modern edition published in the <em>Gedenkschrift </em>was prepared. An English translation has been made (in Mennonite Historical Library [Goshen, Indiana]).
 = Bibliography =
 Bergsten, Torsten. "Pilgram Marbeck und seine Auseinandersetzung mit Caspar Schwenckfeld." <em>Kyrkohistorisk Arsskrift</em>. 1957 and 1958 (Uppsala).

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Christian August Salig is the first modern writer to indicate knowledge of the <em>Vermanung</em>, and he knew it only through Schwenckfeld's Judicium. Two copies are known to exist, one in the British Museum (photocopy in Mennonite Historical Library [Goshen, Indiana]) and the other in the Württemberg Landesbibliothek in Stuttgart, from which the modern edition published in the <em>Gedenkschrift </em>was prepared. An English translation has been made (in Mennonite Historical Library [Goshen, Indiana]).
 = Bibliography =
 Bergsten, Torsten. "Pilgram Marbeck und seine Auseinandersetzung mit Caspar Schwenckfeld." <em>Kyrkohistorisk Arsskrift</em>. 1957 and 1958 (Uppsala).
@@ Line 22: / Line 20: @@
 Wray, Frank J. "The 'Vermanung' of 1542 and Rothmann's 'Bekentnisse.'" <em>Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte</em> (1956): 243-51.
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