Schleitheim Confession - Revision history

SamSteiner: /* Bibliography */ typo correction

2022-08-19T18:50:26Z

Bibliography: typo correction

SamSteiner: /* Additional Information */

2022-08-19T13:13:54Z

Additional Information

SamSteiner at 13:13, 19 August 2022

2022-08-19T13:13:04Z

SamSteiner at 13:12, 19 August 2022

2022-08-19T13:12:15Z

SamSteiner at 13:10, 19 August 2022

2022-08-19T13:10:21Z

SamSteiner: Added new article by James Stayer

2022-08-19T13:07:36Z

Added new article by James Stayer

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RichardThiessen: Text replace - "Mennonite Quarterly Review" to "''Mennonite Quarterly Review''"

2017-01-15T23:10:06Z

Text replace - "<em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em>" to "''Mennonite Quarterly Review''"

RichardThiessen: Text replace - "Gospel Herald" to "''Gospel Herald''"

2017-01-15T22:57:36Z

Text replace - "<em>Gospel Herald</em>" to "''Gospel Herald''"

SamSteiner: corrected MC USA Archives link

2013-11-29T20:12:46Z

corrected MC USA Archives link

RichardThiessen: Replaced the internal link to the Schleitheim Confession to the article of the same; replaced last link with the Confession in the AnabaptistWiki.

2013-08-27T06:43:24Z

Replaced the internal link to the Schleitheim Confession to the article of the same; replaced last link with the Confession in the AnabaptistWiki.

@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 Stayer, James M. ''Anabaptists and the Sword'', 2nd ed. Lawrence, Kan.: Coronado Press, 1976.
-_____. "Swiss-South German Anabaptism, 1526-1540," in ''A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521-1700'', ed. John D. Roth abd James M. Stayer. Leiden: Brill, 2007: 83-117.
+_____. "Swiss-South German Anabaptism, 1526-1540," in ''A Companion to Anabaptism and Spiritualism, 1521-1700'', ed. John D. Roth and James M. Stayer. Leiden: Brill, 2007: 83-117.
 Strübind, Andrea. ''Eifriger als Zwingli. Die frühe Täuferbewegung in der Schweiz''. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2003.
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 _____. "Der Kristallisationspunkt des Täufertums." ''Mennonitische Geschichtsblätter'' (1972): 35-47.
 _____. ''Christian Attitudes to War, Peace, and Revolution''. Elkhart, 1983.
 = Original Mennonite Encyclopedia Articles =

@@ Line 157: / Line 157: @@
 Yoder, John H., ed. and trans. ''The Legacy of Michael Sattler'', Classics of the Radical Reformation, vol. 1. Scottdale, 1973: 27-43.
-= Additional Information =
+= Link to English Text of Schleitheim Confession =
 Text of the [http://www.anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php/Schleitheim_Confession_(source) Schleitheim Confession]
 {{GAMEO_footer|hp=|date=August 2022|a1_last=Stayer|a1_first=James M|a2_last=|a2_first=}}
 [[Category:Theology]]

@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 Some scholarly difference of opinion exists concerning Schleitheim's historical status as a confessional delineator: was it directed primarily against the Protestant reformers, and that only after [[Bucer, Martin (1491-1551)|Bucer]] and [[Capito, Wolfgang (1478-1541)|Capito]] rejected the ecumenical overtures of [[Sattler, Michael (d. 1527)|Michael Sattler]]? Or was Schleitheim a further development of prior sectarian impulses, and directed primarily to the Anabaptist [[Community|community]]? Some historians have noted further that although Schleitheim explicitly rejects social rebellion, it also preserves important demands first enunciated in the [[Peasants' War, 1524-1525|Peasants' War]] of 1525. -- ''C. Arnold Snyder''
-=1954 Article=
+==1954 Article==
 By [[Wenger, John C. (1910-1995)|John C. Wenger]]. Copied by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from ''Mennonite Encyclopedia'', Vol. 1, p. 447-448. All rights reserved.
@@ Line 109: / Line 109: @@
 See also Full text of the [http://www.anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php/Schleitheim_Confession_(source) Schleitheim Confession]
-= Bibliography of 1990 article =
+== Bibliography of 1990 article ==
 '''Critical edition''' of the ''Brüderliche Vereinigung'' in Heinold Fast, ed., ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Täufer in der Schweiz'', vol. 2: ''Ostschweiz'' (1974): 26-36.

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	Text of the [http://www.anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php/Schleitheim_Confession_(source) Schleitheim Confession]		Text of the [http://www.anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php/Schleitheim_Confession_(source) Schleitheim Confession]
	{{GAMEO_footer\|hp=\|date=August 2022\|a1_last=Stayer\|a1_first=James M\|a2_last=\|a2_first=}}		{{GAMEO_footer\|hp=\|date=August 2022\|a1_last=Stayer\|a1_first=James M\|a2_last=\|a2_first=}}
		+	[[Category:Theology]]

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 [[File:AMC_X-31-1_18_3.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Schleitheim Confession title page, ca. 1560.<br />
 Scan courtesy of [http://www.mennoniteusa.org/executive-board/archives/ Mennonite Church USA Archives-Goshen] X-31.1, Box 18/3'']]
-The Seven Articles of Schleitheim, composed by a group of [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] leaders in [[Schaffhausen (Switzerland)|Schaffhausen]] on 24 February 1527, are a "theological landmark" of early Anabaptism, in the words of [[Yoder, John Howard (1927-1997)|John Howard Yoder]], the most prominent American Mennonite theologian of the 20th century. An Anabaptist group led by [[Sattler, Michael (d. 1527)|Michael Sattler]], and almost certainly including [[Reublin, Wilhelm (1480/84-after 1559)|Wilhelm Reublin]], laid down a series of ''[[Ordnung (Order)|Ordnungen]]'' concerning [[Baptism|baptism]], the [[Ban|ban]], the [[Lord's Supper, Anabaptist Interpretations|Lord's Supper]], separation, congregational leadership, the Sword of temporal power, and the [[Oath|oath]], distinguishing themselves "from some false brothers among us" whom they excluded. A strong current in 20th-century Mennonite scholarship assessed the Schleitheim Articles as "the crystallization point of Anabaptism," to use Yoder's description. He wrote: "The Anabaptists who first introduced believers' baptism, who formed organized congregations, who persevered despite persecution…distinguished themselves as a unified group with firm contours…[[Müntzer, Thomas (1488/9-1525)|Müntzer]], [[Hubmaier, Balthasar (1480?-1528)|Hubmaier]], [[Denck, Hans (ca. 1500-1527)|Denck]] and the Appenzellers disappeared from Anabaptism before 1530, while the Anabaptists who stood upon the foundations of [[Zürich (Switzerland)|Zurich]] and Schleitheim…lived on from decade to decade."
+The Seven Articles of Schleitheim, composed by a group of [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] leaders in [[Schaffhausen (Switzerland)|Schaffhausen]] on 24 February 1527, are a "theological landmark" of early Anabaptism, in the words of [[Yoder, John Howard (1927-1997)|John Howard Yoder]], the most prominent American Mennonite theologian of the 20th century. An Anabaptist group led by [[Sattler, Michael (d. 1527)|Michael Sattler]], and almost certainly including [[Reublin, Wilhelm (1480/84-after 1559)|Wilhelm Reublin]], laid down a series of ''[[Ordnung (Order)|Ordnungen]]'' concerning [[Baptism|baptism]], the [[Ban|ban]], the Lord's Supper, separation, congregational leadership, the Sword of temporal power, and the [[Oath|oath]], distinguishing themselves "from some false brothers among us" whom they excluded. A strong current in 20th-century Mennonite scholarship assessed the Schleitheim Articles as "the crystallization point of Anabaptism," to use Yoder's description. He wrote: "The Anabaptists who first introduced believers' baptism, who formed organized congregations, who persevered despite persecution…distinguished themselves as a unified group with firm contours…[[Müntzer, Thomas (1488/9-1525)|Müntzer]], [[Hubmaier, Balthasar (1480?-1528)|Hubmaier]], [[Denck, Hans (ca. 1500-1527)|Denck]] and the Appenzellers disappeared from Anabaptism before 1530, while the Anabaptists who stood upon the foundations of [[Zürich (Switzerland)|Zurich]] and Schleitheim…lived on from decade to decade."
 This position took the Schleitheim Articles as the historic standard of "true Anabaptism," and either minimized or denied the importance of the several Anabaptist/Mennonite groupings, Yoder maintained throughout his life. In a qualified sense, Yoder's stress on the significance of the Schleitheim Articles has been continued by American Mennonites such as John D. Roth and Gerald Mast, who have studied their historic impact. For Roth, they served as a very important "point of reference" in "framing a set of questions that continued to preoccupy the [[Swiss Brethren]]" to the time of the [[Amish Division]] at the end of the 17th century, and continue to echo up to the present among Mennonites in the Swiss-South German tradition. However, the American Mennonite scholars who have learned from Yoder have modified and softened some of his contentions. Yoder seemed to deny all group differences among the Anabaptist/Mennonites, except the obvious one with the communal [[Hutterian Brethren (Hutterische Brüder)|Hutterites]]. His successors no longer do so, nor do they understand the study of Hubmaier's following, the [[Austerlitz Brethren]], the Anabaptists in [[Münster Anabaptists|Münster]], the [[Davidjorists|Jorists]], etc. as a diversion from or distortion of the history of the Anabaptist/Mennonite heritage. They have absorbed the better understanding and less polemical appraisal of these groups in recent scholarship. Nevertheless, beyond accepting that the Schleitheim Articles raised issues discussed by early Anabaptists in [[Switzerland]], south [[Germany]] and [[Moravia (Czech Republic)|Moravia]], it is a matter of some importance to know to what extent the positions set forth at Schleitheim were accepted. And then there is a subtly different question: how authoritative and well-known were the Schleitheim Articles themselves in early Anabaptism.
@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 Another factor that accounted for the form Anabaptism took in the 1520s and 1530s was the policy on toleration or suppression of Anabaptists taken by governmental authorities that had recently adopted the Reformation. [[Oyer, John Stanley (1925-1998)|John Oyer's]] study of the Imperial city of [[Esslingen (Baden-Württemberg, Germany)|Esslingen]] showed that under circumstances where the government did not try to eradicate Anabaptism, but contented itself with exacting a degree of conformity, the insistence of Schleitheim Article 5 on formal congregational leadership could be abandoned by Anabaptists. The Esslingen Anabaptists always insisted that they had no particular leaders or teachers but assembled simply for the purpose of reading the Bible. A similar state of affairs seems to have prevailed in the Swiss region of [[Appenzell (Switzerland)|Appenzell]], and in [[Strasbourg (Alsace, France)|Strasbourg]] in the years preceding the formal organization of the Strasbourg Reformation in 1533. This helps us to understand the presence of various currents of Anabaptism in Esslingen, Appenzell, and Strasbourg without formal internal Anabaptist schisms.
-Formal Anabaptist schisms (as opposed to the division implied by the Schleitheim Articles) seemed to have first occurred in Moravia, beginning with the expulsion in 1528 from the Liechtenstein territories of Anabaptists who insisted on a stricter form of [[Community of goods|community of goods]]. These communitarian Anabaptists settled in [[Austerlitz (Jihomoravský kraj, Czech Republic)|Austerlitz]], but further schisms divided them in 1531 and 1533. By the 1540s Moravian Anabaptists wrote of differences between Austerlitz Brethren, Swiss Brethren, and Hutterites. The most prominent spokesman of the [[Austerlitz Brethren]] became the Tyrolean refugee [[Marpeck, Pilgram (d. 1556)|Pilgram Marpeck]], an engineer who worked at various times for the governments of Strasbourg, Appenzell, and Augsburg. Marpeck, like his fellow Austerlitz Brethren, took oaths of citizenship when his circumstances required, hence did not strictly conform to Schleitheim Article 7. The Austerlitz Brethren present a case of the waning influence of the Schleitheim Articles. In the original 1528 schism, they represented the ideas of the Schleitheim Articles against Hubmaier and his supporters. If, as is now generally accepted, Marpeck was the author of the ''Aufdeckung der Babylonischen Hurn'' (ca. 1531), he and his close associate, [[Scharnschlager, Leupold (d. 1563)|Leupold Scharnschlager]], at first echoed the strict prohibition of Christian participation in government of Schleitheim Article 6, no doubt with borrowings from [[Luther, Martin (1483-1546)|Martin Luther's]] ''Von weltlicher Obrigkeit'' (1523). The point of transition seems to have been the major persecution of 1535, in which the original leaders of the Austerlitzers lost their lives, and after which the group abandoned community of goods. In the 1540s and 1550s Marpeck and his associates carried on an extensive doctrinal controversy with the Spiritualist [[Schwenckfeld, Caspar von (1489-1561)|Caspar von Schwenckfeld]], in which he rejected Schweckfeld's attempt to connect his beliefs with Schleitheim Article 6. In the ''Verantwortung'', which came to be a more or less canonical statement of the later beliefs of the Austerlitz Brethren, the position on the sword was that "it is difficult for a Christian to be a temporal ruler." An attenuated version of the original Schleitheim dualism questioned "how long [such a person's] conscience would allow him to be a ruler, if he did not want to forsake his God, the Lord Jesus Christ, Christian patience and Christian knighthood – or at least receive damage to his soul and his Christianity…." John Yoder's interpretation of [[Nonresistance|nonresistance]] according to Schleitheim, Article 6, is broad enough to encompass such a statement of nonresistance as Marpeck's; but Arnold Snyder's study of Sattler insists that Sattler's dualism was sharper than that of the Austerlitzers.
+Formal Anabaptist schisms (as opposed to the division implied by the Schleitheim Articles) seemed to have first occurred in Moravia, beginning with the expulsion in 1528 from the Liechtenstein territories of Anabaptists who insisted on a stricter form of [[Community of Goods|community of goods]]. These communitarian Anabaptists settled in [[Austerlitz (Jihomoravský kraj, Czech Republic)|Austerlitz]], but further schisms divided them in 1531 and 1533. By the 1540s Moravian Anabaptists wrote of differences between Austerlitz Brethren, Swiss Brethren, and Hutterites. The most prominent spokesman of the [[Austerlitz Brethren]] became the Tyrolean refugee [[Marpeck, Pilgram (d. 1556)|Pilgram Marpeck]], an engineer who worked at various times for the governments of Strasbourg, Appenzell, and Augsburg. Marpeck, like his fellow Austerlitz Brethren, took oaths of citizenship when his circumstances required, hence did not strictly conform to Schleitheim Article 7. The Austerlitz Brethren present a case of the waning influence of the Schleitheim Articles. In the original 1528 schism, they represented the ideas of the Schleitheim Articles against Hubmaier and his supporters. If, as is now generally accepted, Marpeck was the author of the ''Aufdeckung der Babylonischen Hurn'' (ca. 1531), he and his close associate, [[Scharnschlager, Leupold (d. 1563)|Leupold Scharnschlager]], at first echoed the strict prohibition of Christian participation in government of Schleitheim Article 6, no doubt with borrowings from [[Luther, Martin (1483-1546)|Martin Luther's]] ''Von weltlicher Obrigkeit'' (1523). The point of transition seems to have been the major persecution of 1535, in which the original leaders of the Austerlitzers lost their lives, and after which the group abandoned community of goods. In the 1540s and 1550s Marpeck and his associates carried on an extensive doctrinal controversy with the Spiritualist [[Schwenckfeld, Caspar von (1489-1561)|Caspar von Schwenckfeld]], in which he rejected Schweckfeld's attempt to connect his beliefs with Schleitheim Article 6. In the ''Verantwortung'', which came to be a more or less canonical statement of the later beliefs of the Austerlitz Brethren, the position on the sword was that "it is difficult for a Christian to be a temporal ruler." An attenuated version of the original Schleitheim dualism questioned "how long [such a person's] conscience would allow him to be a ruler, if he did not want to forsake his God, the Lord Jesus Christ, Christian patience and Christian knighthood – or at least receive damage to his soul and his Christianity…." John Yoder's interpretation of [[Nonresistance|nonresistance]] according to Schleitheim, Article 6, is broad enough to encompass such a statement of nonresistance as Marpeck's; but Arnold Snyder's study of Sattler insists that Sattler's dualism was sharper than that of the Austerlitzers.
 The next phase of Anabaptism was that begun by [[Hoffman, Melchior (ca. 1495-1544?)|Melchior Hoffman]] in [[Emden (Niedersachsen, Germany)|Emden]] in 1530, which was the starting point of the various types of Anabaptism which emerged in the [[Netherlands]], North Sea and Baltic regions. These groups, which included the Anabaptist domination of Münster in Westphalia (1534-35) and its militant successors, the Davidjorites, and eventually the Mennonite/Doopsgezinden traditions, were in their formative stages entirely untouched by the distinctive ideas of the Schleitheim Articles as well as the document itself. It was not until 1560, a year before [[Menno Simons (1496-1561)|Menno's]] death, that the Seven Articles of Schleitheim were first published in Dutch, together with Michael Sattler's letter to the congregation of Horb, and an account of his trial and martyrdom. Arnold Snyder is certainly correct to judge that Sattler's martyr testimony lent authority to the Schleitheim Articles, rather than the Schleitheim Articles giving significance to Sattler's martyrdom.
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 = Original Mennonite Encyclopedia Articles =
 The ''[[Schleitheim Confession|Schleitheim Confession]] ''(also known as the ''Brüderliche Vereinigung ''or the ''Schleitheim Brotherly Union'') has come to be recognized as a watershed articulation of certain Swiss Anabaptist distinctives. [[Sattler, Michael (d. 1527)|Michael Sattler]] is now accepted as being the primary author of the seven articles. These were ratified on 24 February 1527 during an assembly of [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] in the northern Swiss village of Schleitheim.

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 Meihuizen, H. W., J.A. Oosterbaan and H.B. Kossen. <em>Broederlijke Vereniging. </em>Amsterdam: Doopsgezinde Historische Kring, 1974.
-Meihuizen, H. W. "Who were the 'False Brethren' mentioned in the Schleitheim Articles?" <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> 41 (1967), 200-222.
+Meihuizen, H. W. "Who were the 'False Brethren' mentioned in the Schleitheim Articles?" ''Mennonite Quarterly Review'' 41 (1967), 200-222.
 Miller, John W. Miller. "Schleitheim Pacifism and Modernity." <em>Conrad Grebel Review</em> 3 (1985): 155-63.
@@ Line 60: / Line 60: @@
 Stricker, Hans. "Michael Sattler als Verfasser der Schleitheimer Artikel." <em>Mennonitische Geschichtsblätter</em>, Jg. 21, n.F. 16 (1964): 15-18.
-Wenger, J. C. "The Schleitheim Confession of Faith." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review </em>19 (October 1945) 243-253, and the literature cited there, particularly Robert Friedmann, "The Schleitheim Confession (1527) and Other Doctrinal Writings of the Swiss Brethren in a Hitherto Unknown Edition." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> 16 (Jan. 1942): 82-98, and Fritz Blanke, "Beobachtungen zum ältesten Täuferbekenntnis."<em>Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte</em> 37I (1940): 240-249.
+Wenger, J. C. "The Schleitheim Confession of Faith." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review </em>19 (October 1945) 243-253, and the literature cited there, particularly Robert Friedmann, "The Schleitheim Confession (1527) and Other Doctrinal Writings of the Swiss Brethren in a Hitherto Unknown Edition." ''Mennonite Quarterly Review'' 16 (Jan. 1942): 82-98, and Fritz Blanke, "Beobachtungen zum ältesten Täuferbekenntnis."<em>Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte</em> 37I (1940): 240-249.
 Yoder, John H. "'Anabaptists and the Sword' Revisited: Systematic Historiography and Undogmatic Nonresistants." <em>Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschicte</em> 85 (1974): 126-139.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 Goertz, Hans J. <em>Die Täufer: Geschichte und Deutung. </em>Munich: C.H. Beck, 1980: 20-23.
-<em>Gospel Herald</em> (Feb. 22, 1977), sp. issue.
+''Gospel Herald'' (Feb. 22, 1977), sp. issue.
 Haas, Martin. "Der Weg der Taufer in die Absonderung," in <em>Umstrittenes Täufertum, </em>ed. H.J. Goertz. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1977: 50-78.

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 __TOC__
 [[File:AMC_X-31-1_18_3.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Schleitheim Confession title page, ca. 1560.<br />
-Scan courtesy of [http://www.mcusa-archives.org/Archives/GuideAMC.html Mennonite Church USA Archives-Goshen] X-31.1, Box 18/3'']]
+Scan courtesy of [http://www.mennoniteusa.org/executive-board/archives/ Mennonite Church USA Archives-Goshen] X-31.1, Box 18/3'']]
 <h3>1954 Article</h3>
 The first known [[Swiss Brethren]] or [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] [[Confessions, Doctrinal|confession of faith]] was entitled <em>Brüderlich Vereinigung etzlicher Kinder Gottes sieben Artikel betreffend ...</em>("Brotherly Union of a Number of Children of God Concerning Seven Articles"). It was drawn up at Schlatten (dialect for [[Schleitheim (Schaffhausen, Switzerland)|Schleitheim]]), canton of [[Schaffhausen (Switzerland)|Schaffhausen]], Switzerland, on St. Matthias Day, 24 February 1527. The author was almost certainly [[Sattler, Michael (d. 1527)|Michael Sattler]]; this is evident from the reference to "our assembly, and . . . that which was resolved on therein" in a pastoral letter of Sattler, as well as from a reference in a letter from 50 Swiss Brethren elders to [[Menno Simons (1496-1561)|Menno Simons]] which mentions a brother in whose house the <em>"verdragh </em>(agreement) of Michael Sattler" had been made.

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 The following four editions were known in the 1950s: 1533 (reprinted by [[Köhler, Walther (1870-1946)|Walther Köhler]] in 1908 as Heft 3 of Band 2, <em>Flugschriften aus den ersten Jahren der Reformation </em>together with valuable introduction); a contemporary but undated edition (reprinted by Heinrich Böhmer in <em>Urkunden zur Geschichte des Bauernkrieges und der Wiedertäufer, </em>Bonn, 1910, 2d and 3d ed. in 1921 and 1933) ; a later undated edition of the mid-16th century, unique copy in [[Mennonite Historical Library (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Mennonite Historical Library]] at [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]]; and an edition of 1686 bound with <em>Christliches Glaubensbekantnus. </em>An English translation of the 1533 edition by [[Wenger, John C. (1910-1995)|J. C. Wenger]] in <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review, </em>1945, 247-253. Each of the German prints appears together with other items in a single booklet. [[Horsch, John (1867-1941)|John Horsch]] published an English translation in <em>Gospel Herald </em>(1938) and the German text in the <em>Menn. Rundschau </em>(1912). The English text given by [[McGlothlin, William Joseph (1867-1933)|W. J. McGlothlin]] in <em>Baptist Confessions of Faith </em>(Philadelphia, 1911) 3-9 is a translation of the inadequate Latin form of the articles as given by Zwingli in the <em>Elenchus </em>of 1527, which is a translation from a German manuscript copy. Contemporary manuscript copies are in the Heidelberg University Library, Bern Staatsarchiv, and three formerly in [[Bratislava (Slovakia)|Bratislava]], Czechoslovakia. Dutch editions appeared in 1560 and 1565 (reprinted by [[Cramer, Samuel (1842-1913)|Samuel Cramer]] in <em>BRN V </em>(1909) 585-613. Beck had published one of the Bratislava copies in his <em>Geschichts-Bücher</em> (1883). Ernst Müller published the Bern copy in his <em>Berner Täufer</em> (1895), and Beatrice Jenny published it (1951) in full in a critical edition. A lost French translation was used by [[Calvin, John (1509-1564)|Calvin]] in his attack against the Anabaptists of 1544 (Brieve Instruction), in which he specifically refutes the confession point by point. -- <em>J. C. Wenger</em>
-<h3>1990 Update</h3> The <em>[[Schleitheim Confession (Anabaptist, 1527)|Schleitheim Confession]] </em>(also known as the <em>Brüderliche Vereinigung </em>or the <em>Schleitheim Brotherly Union</em>) has come to be recognized as a watershed articulation of certain Swiss Anabaptist distinctives. [[Sattler, Michael (d. 1527)|Michael Sattler]] is now accepted as being the primary author of the seven articles. These were ratified on 24 February 1527 during an assembly of [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] in the northern Swiss village of Schleitheim.
+<h3>1990 Update</h3> The <em>[[Schleitheim Confession|Schleitheim Confession]] </em>(also known as the <em>Brüderliche Vereinigung </em>or the <em>Schleitheim Brotherly Union</em>) has come to be recognized as a watershed articulation of certain Swiss Anabaptist distinctives. [[Sattler, Michael (d. 1527)|Michael Sattler]] is now accepted as being the primary author of the seven articles. These were ratified on 24 February 1527 during an assembly of [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] in the northern Swiss village of Schleitheim.
 The significance of the Brotherly Union was evident immediately: The articles were copied and circulated quickly and extensively in the Swiss and South German [[Anabaptism|Anabaptist]] communities. Reaction within those communities was not exclusively positive. Some of the articles were contested within Anabaptist circles (e.g., article 6 by [[Hubmaier, Balthasar (1480?-1528)|Balthasar Hubmaier]]); [[Zwingli, Ulrich (1484-1531)|Ulrich Zwingli]] and [[Calvin, John (1509-1564)|John Calvin]] wrote refutations of the confession as a whole.
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 Some scholarly difference of opinion exists concerning Schleitheim's historical status as a confessional delineator: was it directed primarily against the Protestant reformers, and that only after [[Bucer, Martin (1491-1551)|Bucer]] and [[Capito, Wolfgang (1478-1541)|Capito]] rejected the ecumenical overtures of [[Sattler, Michael (d. 1527)|Michael Sattler]]? Or was Schleitheim a further development of prior sectarian impulses, and directed primarily to the Anabaptist [[Community|community]]? Some historians have noted further that although Schleitheim explicitly rejects social rebellion, it also preserves important demands first enunciated in the [[Peasants' War, 1524-1525|Peasants' War]] of 1525. -- <em>C. Arnold Snyder</em>
-See also [[Schleitheim Confession (Anabaptist, 1527)|Full text of the Schleitheim Confession ]]
+See also Full text of the [http://www.anabaptistwiki.org/mediawiki/index.php/Schleitheim_Confession_(source) Schleitheim Confession]
 = Bibliography =
 <strong>Critical edition</strong> of the <em>Brüderliche Vereinigung</em> in Heinold Fast, ed., <em>Quellen zur Geschichte der Täufer in der Schweiz</em>, vol. 2: <em>Ostschweiz</em> (1974): 26-36.