Rich family - Revision history

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Rich (Riche, Richen, Reich, Ricken, Rijkens) is a widely spread Mennonite family name. The Rich(en) family stems from Frutigen in the Bernese Oberland of [[Switzerland|Switzerland]]; it is also found in Hochstetten, west of [[Langnau im Emmental (Kanton Bern, Switzerland)|Langnau]] in the Emmental. Persecution in the canton of [[Bern (Switzerland)|Bern]], lasting into the 18th century, compelled many Mennonites to emigrate. The "Amnesty Proclamation" issued by the Bernese government on 11 February 1711, permitting them to leave freely with all their possessions, had as a consequence a mass emigration, in which the Richen family was included.

Among the refugees settling in the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] was Daniel Richen (Ricken) (circa l681-circa l755), an [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] Mennonite preacher, who had previously been banished to Neuchâtel and then at the age of thirty served as supervisor on the emigrant boat sailing for the Netherlands in 1711, settled first in [[Deventer (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Deventer]] and later became an elder and organizer in the congregations of the Nieuwe Zwitsers (see [[Swiss Mennonites in the Netherlands|Swiss Mennonites]] in the Netherlands), in Groningen and Sappemeer. Peter Ricken (d. 1772), probably a brother of Daniel, was a preacher here in 1740-72. They were all farmers and lived near Groningen, where some descendants are still living (Rijkens). David Ricken (died 1779), a son of Daniel Ricken, was a preacher of the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]] congregation in [[Norden (Ostfriesland, Germany)|Norden, East Friesland]], 1777-79.

A second place of refuge for the Swiss Mennonites was [[Montbéliard (Doubs, Franche-Comté, France)|Montbéliard]], now in the French department of [[Doubs (France)|Doubs]]. There were Richens here since 1715. A Hans Richen, a well-to-do farmer with eight children, was for many years an elder in the congregation of Swiss origin, a leading personality. The congregation met every second week in his home; in 1730 he began to keep a church record. In April 1787 he assisted in the ordination of an elder in the Schänzli congregation of [[Basel-Schänzli (Basel Switzerland)|Basel]], and in June of that year he recommended two brethren of the [[Chaux d'Abel (Bern, Switzerland)|Chaux de Fonds]] congregation in the Bernese Jura to the office of elder (see his note in the Bernese dialect, Mennonitisches Lexikon v. III, 498). He also traveled to the Netherlands as one of the elders from [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] called to the New Swiss congregations in 1766 to arbitrate a dispute among them. A century later Isaac Rich (died 1878), who had grown up in the [[Seigne (Sennergemeinde) Mennonite Church (Alsace, France)|Seigne]] congregation and attended the Mennonite ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite]]) [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|school]] at [[Wadsworth (Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]], established a school in Etupes, near Montbéliard, which was soon moved to [[Exincourt (Franche-Comté, France)|Exincourt]] and continued there until 1876. Other members of the Rich family served as preachers or deacons in the Montbéliard congregation until the 20th century. Peter Rich was the elder of the [[Birkenhof (Alsace, France)|Birkenhof]] congregation in Upper Alsace 1788-circa 1820. In Mennonite circles in Switzerland—Bernese Jura and Basel—and in France—Montbéliard, Altkirch, and [[Florimont (Franche-Comté, France)|Florimont]]—the name continues. It is also found in [[Ohio (State)|Ohio]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], and other states. Willis E. Rich and Ronald L. Rich are on the faculty of [[Bethel College (North Newton, Kansas, USA)|Bethel College]]. Olive G. Rich is on the faculty of [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]]. Eldon S. Rich is a practicing physician in [[Newton (Kansas, USA)|Newton, Kansas]].

= Bibliography =
Almanack Mennonite du Cinquantenaire 1901-1951: Montbéliard. 1951:12.

Cate, Steven Blaupot ten. Geschiedenis der Doopsgezinden in Groningen, Overijssel en Oost-Friesland. 2 vols. Leeuwarden: W. Eekhoff en J. B. Wolters, 1842: 186, 207.

Dassel, H. Menno's Volk in Groningen. Groningen, no date of publication indicated 1950: 42.

Doopsgezinde Bijdragen (1872): 109, 112 ff.; (1873): 113-18, 136, 138; (1885): 20 f.; (1895): 91-98.

Gratz, Delbert L Bernese Anabaptists. Scottdale: Herald Press, 1953: 49, 65, 92, 135, 199.

Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 498 f.

Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 1317, 1319, 1325 f., 1329, 1348, 1351, 1360, 1366, 1889, 1908, 1911, 1920.

Huizinga, Jacob. Stamboek . . . van Samuel Peter en Barbara Fry. Groningen, 1890: 38, 39, 61, 62, 67, 69, 114, 115, 117.

Mathiot, Charles. Récherches historiques sur les Anabaptistes de l'ancienne principauté de Montbéliard, d'Alsace et des regions voisines. Belfort, 1922.

Mennonitische Blätter (1872): 17; (1870): 37, 38.

Mennonitischer Gemeinde-Kalender (1906): 160; (1936): 138.

Müller, Ernst. Geschichte der Bernischen Täufer. Frauenfeld: Huber, 1895. Reprinted Nieuwkoop : B. de Graaf, 1972: 309, 321, 323, 325.

{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 4, p. 324|date=1959|a1_last=Geiser|a1_first=Samuel|a2_last=Neff|a2_first=Christian}}

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Among the refugees settling in the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] was Daniel Richen (Ricken) (circa 1681-circa 1755), an [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] Mennonite preacher, who had previously been banished to Neuchâtel and then at the age of thirty served as supervisor on the emigrant boat sailing for the Netherlands in 1711, settled first in [[Deventer (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Deventer]] and later became an elder and organizer in the congregations of the Nieuwe Zwitsers (see [[Swiss Mennonites in the Netherlands|Swiss Mennonites]] in the Netherlands), in Groningen and Sappemeer. Peter Ricken (d. 1772), probably a brother of Daniel, was a preacher here in 1740-72. They were all farmers and lived near Groningen, where some descendants are still living (Rijkens). David Ricken (died 1779), a son of Daniel Ricken, was a preacher of the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]] congregation in [[Norden (Ostfriesland, Germany)|Norden, East Friesland]], 1777-79.
-A second place of refuge for the Swiss Mennonites was [[Montbéliard (Doubs, Franche-Comté, France)|Montbéliard]], now in the French department of [[Doubs (France)|Doubs]]. There were Richens here since 1715. A Hans Richen, a well-to-do farmer with eight children, was for many years an elder in the congregation of Swiss origin, a leading personality. The congregation met every second week in his home; in 1730 he began to keep a church record. In April 1787 he assisted in the ordination of an elder in the Schänzli congregation of [[Basel-Schänzli (Basel Switzerland)|Basel]], and in June of that year he recommended two brethren of the [[Chaux d'Abel (Bern, Switzerland)|Chaux de Fonds]] congregation in the Bernese Jura to the office of elder (see his note in the Bernese dialect, <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em> v. III, 498). He also traveled to the Netherlands as one of the elders from [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] called to the New Swiss congregations in 1766 to arbitrate a dispute among them. A century later Isaac Rich (died 1878), who had grown up in the [[Seigne (Sennergemeinde) Mennonite Church (Alsace, France)|Seigne]] congregation and attended the Mennonite ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite]]) [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|school]] at [[Wadsworth (Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]], established a school in Etupes, near Montbéliard, which was soon moved to [[Exincourt (Franche-Comté, France)|Exincourt]] and continued there until 1876. Other members of the Rich family served as preachers or deacons in the Montbéliard congregation until the 20th century. Peter Rich was the elder of the [[Birkenhof (Alsace, France)|Birkenhof]] congregation in Upper Alsace 1788-circa 1820. In Mennonite circles in Switzerland—Bernese Jura and Basel—and in France—Montbéliard, Altkirch, and [[Florimont (Franche-Comté, France)|Florimont]]—the name continues. It is also found in [[Ohio (USA)|Ohio]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], and other states. Willis E. Rich and Ronald L. Rich are on the faculty of [[Bethel College (North Newton, Kansas, USA)|Bethel College]]. Olive G. Rich is on the faculty of [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]]. Eldon S. Rich is a practicing physician in [[Newton (Kansas, USA)|Newton, Kansas]].
+A second place of refuge for the Swiss Mennonites was [[Montbéliard (Doubs, Franche-Comté, France)|Montbéliard]], now in the French department of [[Doubs (France)|Doubs]]. There were Richens here since 1715. A Hans Richen, a well-to-do farmer with eight children, was for many years an elder in the congregation of Swiss origin, a leading personality. The congregation met every second week in his home; in 1730 he began to keep a church record. In April 1787 he assisted in the ordination of an elder in the Schänzli congregation of [[Basel-Schänzli (Basel Switzerland)|Basel]], and in June of that year he recommended two brethren of the [[Chaux d'Abel (Bern, Switzerland)|Chaux de Fonds]] congregation in the Bernese Jura to the office of elder (see his note in the Bernese dialect, ''Mennonitisches Lexikon'' v. III, 498). He also traveled to the Netherlands as one of the elders from [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] called to the New Swiss congregations in 1766 to arbitrate a dispute among them. A century later Isaac Rich (died 1878), who had grown up in the [[Seigne (Sennergemeinde) Mennonite Church (Alsace, France)|Seigne]] congregation and attended the Mennonite ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite]]) [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|school]] at [[Wadsworth (Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]], established a school in Etupes, near Montbéliard, which was soon moved to [[Exincourt (Franche-Comté, France)|Exincourt]] and continued there until 1876. Other members of the Rich family served as preachers or deacons in the Montbéliard congregation until the 20th century. Peter Rich was the elder of the [[Birkenhof (Alsace, France)|Birkenhof]] congregation in Upper Alsace 1788-circa 1820. In Mennonite circles in Switzerland—Bernese Jura and Basel—and in France—Montbéliard, Altkirch, and [[Florimont (Franche-Comté, France)|Florimont]]—the name continues. It is also found in [[Ohio (USA)|Ohio]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], and other states. Willis E. Rich and Ronald L. Rich are on the faculty of [[Bethel College (North Newton, Kansas, USA)|Bethel College]]. Olive G. Rich is on the faculty of [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]]. Eldon S. Rich is a practicing physician in [[Newton (Kansas, USA)|Newton, Kansas]].
 = Bibliography =
 <em>Almanack Mennonite du Cinquantenaire</em> 1901-1951: Montbéliard. 1951:12.

@@ Line 15: / Line 15: @@
 Gratz, Delbert L <em>Bernese Anabaptists</em>. Scottdale: Herald Press, 1953: 49, 65, 92, 135, 199.
-Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 498 f.
+Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. ''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 498 f.
 Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. <em>Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam</em>, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 1317, 1319, 1325 f., 1329, 1348, 1351, 1360, 1366, 1889, 1908, 1911, 1920.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Rich (Riche, Richen, Reich, Ricken, Rijkens) is a widely spread Mennonite family name. The Rich(en) family stems from Frutigen in the Bernese Oberland of [[Switzerland|Switzerland]]; it is also found in Hochstetten, west of [[Langnau im Emmental (Kanton Bern, Switzerland)|Langnau]] in the Emmental. Persecution in the canton of [[Bern (Switzerland)|Bern]], lasting into the 18th century, compelled many Mennonites to emigrate. The "Amnesty Proclamation" issued by the Bernese government on 11 February 1711, permitting them to leave freely with all their possessions, had as a consequence a mass emigration, in which the Richen family was included.
-Among the refugees settling in the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] was Daniel Richen (Ricken) (circa l681-circa 1755), an [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] Mennonite preacher, who had previously been banished to Neuchâtel and then at the age of thirty served as supervisor on the emigrant boat sailing for the Netherlands in 1711, settled first in [[Deventer (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Deventer]] and later became an elder and organizer in the congregations of the Nieuwe Zwitsers (see [[Swiss Mennonites in the Netherlands|Swiss Mennonites]] in the Netherlands), in Groningen and Sappemeer. Peter Ricken (d. 1772), probably a brother of Daniel, was a preacher here in 1740-72. They were all farmers and lived near Groningen, where some descendants are still living (Rijkens). David Ricken (died 1779), a son of Daniel Ricken, was a preacher of the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]] congregation in [[Norden (Ostfriesland, Germany)|Norden, East Friesland]], 1777-79.
+Among the refugees settling in the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] was Daniel Richen (Ricken) (circa 1681-circa 1755), an [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] Mennonite preacher, who had previously been banished to Neuchâtel and then at the age of thirty served as supervisor on the emigrant boat sailing for the Netherlands in 1711, settled first in [[Deventer (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Deventer]] and later became an elder and organizer in the congregations of the Nieuwe Zwitsers (see [[Swiss Mennonites in the Netherlands|Swiss Mennonites]] in the Netherlands), in Groningen and Sappemeer. Peter Ricken (d. 1772), probably a brother of Daniel, was a preacher here in 1740-72. They were all farmers and lived near Groningen, where some descendants are still living (Rijkens). David Ricken (died 1779), a son of Daniel Ricken, was a preacher of the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]] congregation in [[Norden (Ostfriesland, Germany)|Norden, East Friesland]], 1777-79.
 A second place of refuge for the Swiss Mennonites was [[Montbéliard (Doubs, Franche-Comté, France)|Montbéliard]], now in the French department of [[Doubs (France)|Doubs]]. There were Richens here since 1715. A Hans Richen, a well-to-do farmer with eight children, was for many years an elder in the congregation of Swiss origin, a leading personality. The congregation met every second week in his home; in 1730 he began to keep a church record. In April 1787 he assisted in the ordination of an elder in the Schänzli congregation of [[Basel-Schänzli (Basel Switzerland)|Basel]], and in June of that year he recommended two brethren of the [[Chaux d'Abel (Bern, Switzerland)|Chaux de Fonds]] congregation in the Bernese Jura to the office of elder (see his note in the Bernese dialect, <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em> v. III, 498). He also traveled to the Netherlands as one of the elders from [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] called to the New Swiss congregations in 1766 to arbitrate a dispute among them. A century later Isaac Rich (died 1878), who had grown up in the [[Seigne (Sennergemeinde) Mennonite Church (Alsace, France)|Seigne]] congregation and attended the Mennonite ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite]]) [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|school]] at [[Wadsworth (Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]], established a school in Etupes, near Montbéliard, which was soon moved to [[Exincourt (Franche-Comté, France)|Exincourt]] and continued there until 1876. Other members of the Rich family served as preachers or deacons in the Montbéliard congregation until the 20th century. Peter Rich was the elder of the [[Birkenhof (Alsace, France)|Birkenhof]] congregation in Upper Alsace 1788-circa 1820. In Mennonite circles in Switzerland—Bernese Jura and Basel—and in France—Montbéliard, Altkirch, and [[Florimont (Franche-Comté, France)|Florimont]]—the name continues. It is also found in [[Ohio (USA)|Ohio]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], and other states. Willis E. Rich and Ronald L. Rich are on the faculty of [[Bethel College (North Newton, Kansas, USA)|Bethel College]]. Olive G. Rich is on the faculty of [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]]. Eldon S. Rich is a practicing physician in [[Newton (Kansas, USA)|Newton, Kansas]].

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 Rich (Riche, Richen, Reich, Ricken, Rijkens) is a widely spread Mennonite family name. The Rich(en) family stems from Frutigen in the Bernese Oberland of [[Switzerland|Switzerland]]; it is also found in Hochstetten, west of [[Langnau im Emmental (Kanton Bern, Switzerland)|Langnau]] in the Emmental. Persecution in the canton of [[Bern (Switzerland)|Bern]], lasting into the 18th century, compelled many Mennonites to emigrate. The "Amnesty Proclamation" issued by the Bernese government on 11 February 1711, permitting them to leave freely with all their possessions, had as a consequence a mass emigration, in which the Richen family was included.
-Among the refugees settling in the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] was Daniel Richen (Ricken) (circa l681-circa l755), an [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] Mennonite preacher, who had previously been banished to Neuchâtel and then at the age of thirty served as supervisor on the emigrant boat sailing for the Netherlands in 1711, settled first in [[Deventer (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Deventer]] and later became an elder and organizer in the congregations of the Nieuwe Zwitsers (see [[Swiss Mennonites in the Netherlands|Swiss Mennonites]] in the Netherlands), in Groningen and Sappemeer. Peter Ricken (d. 1772), probably a brother of Daniel, was a preacher here in 1740-72. They were all farmers and lived near Groningen, where some descendants are still living (Rijkens). David Ricken (died 1779), a son of Daniel Ricken, was a preacher of the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]] congregation in [[Norden (Ostfriesland, Germany)|Norden, East Friesland]], 1777-79.
+Among the refugees settling in the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] was Daniel Richen (Ricken) (circa l681-circa 1755), an [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] Mennonite preacher, who had previously been banished to Neuchâtel and then at the age of thirty served as supervisor on the emigrant boat sailing for the Netherlands in 1711, settled first in [[Deventer (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Deventer]] and later became an elder and organizer in the congregations of the Nieuwe Zwitsers (see [[Swiss Mennonites in the Netherlands|Swiss Mennonites]] in the Netherlands), in Groningen and Sappemeer. Peter Ricken (d. 1772), probably a brother of Daniel, was a preacher here in 1740-72. They were all farmers and lived near Groningen, where some descendants are still living (Rijkens). David Ricken (died 1779), a son of Daniel Ricken, was a preacher of the Old [[Flemish Mennonites|Flemish]] congregation in [[Norden (Ostfriesland, Germany)|Norden, East Friesland]], 1777-79.
 A second place of refuge for the Swiss Mennonites was [[Montbéliard (Doubs, Franche-Comté, France)|Montbéliard]], now in the French department of [[Doubs (France)|Doubs]]. There were Richens here since 1715. A Hans Richen, a well-to-do farmer with eight children, was for many years an elder in the congregation of Swiss origin, a leading personality. The congregation met every second week in his home; in 1730 he began to keep a church record. In April 1787 he assisted in the ordination of an elder in the Schänzli congregation of [[Basel-Schänzli (Basel Switzerland)|Basel]], and in June of that year he recommended two brethren of the [[Chaux d'Abel (Bern, Switzerland)|Chaux de Fonds]] congregation in the Bernese Jura to the office of elder (see his note in the Bernese dialect, <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em> v. III, 498). He also traveled to the Netherlands as one of the elders from [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] called to the New Swiss congregations in 1766 to arbitrate a dispute among them. A century later Isaac Rich (died 1878), who had grown up in the [[Seigne (Sennergemeinde) Mennonite Church (Alsace, France)|Seigne]] congregation and attended the Mennonite ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite]]) [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|school]] at [[Wadsworth (Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]], established a school in Etupes, near Montbéliard, which was soon moved to [[Exincourt (Franche-Comté, France)|Exincourt]] and continued there until 1876. Other members of the Rich family served as preachers or deacons in the Montbéliard congregation until the 20th century. Peter Rich was the elder of the [[Birkenhof (Alsace, France)|Birkenhof]] congregation in Upper Alsace 1788-circa 1820. In Mennonite circles in Switzerland—Bernese Jura and Basel—and in France—Montbéliard, Altkirch, and [[Florimont (Franche-Comté, France)|Florimont]]—the name continues. It is also found in [[Ohio (USA)|Ohio]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], and other states. Willis E. Rich and Ronald L. Rich are on the faculty of [[Bethel College (North Newton, Kansas, USA)|Bethel College]]. Olive G. Rich is on the faculty of [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]]. Eldon S. Rich is a practicing physician in [[Newton (Kansas, USA)|Newton, Kansas]].

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:44, 13 April 2014
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	Müller, Ernst. <em>Geschichte der Bernischen Täufer</em>. Frauenfeld: Huber, 1895. Reprinted Nieuwkoop : B. de Graaf, 1972: 309, 321, 323, 325.		Müller, Ernst. <em>Geschichte der Bernischen Täufer</em>. Frauenfeld: Huber, 1895. Reprinted Nieuwkoop : B. de Graaf, 1972: 309, 321, 323, 325.
	{{GAMEO_footer\|hp=Vol. 4, p. 324\|date=1959\|a1_last=Geiser\|a1_first=Samuel\|a2_last=Neff\|a2_first=Christian}}		{{GAMEO_footer\|hp=Vol. 4, p. 324\|date=1959\|a1_last=Geiser\|a1_first=Samuel\|a2_last=Neff\|a2_first=Christian}}
		+	[[Category:Family Names]]

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 <em>Almanack Mennonite du Cinquantenaire</em> 1901-1951: Montbéliard. 1951:12.
-Cate, Steven Blaupot ten. <em>Geschiedenis der Doopsgezinden in Groningen, Overijssel en Oost-Friesland</em>. 2 vols. Leeuwarden: W. Eekhoff en J. B. Wolters, 1842: 186, 207.
+Cate, Steven Blaupot ten. <em>Geschiedenis der Doopsgezinden in Groningen, Overijssel en Oost-Friesland</em>, 2 vols. Leeuwarden: W. Eekhoff en J. B. Wolters, 1842: 186, 207.
 Dassel, H. <em>Menno's Volk in Groningen</em>. Groningen, no date of publication indicated 1950: 42.
@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. III, 498 f.
-Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. <em>Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam</em>. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 1317, 1319, 1325 f., 1329, 1348, 1351, 1360, 1366, 1889, 1908, 1911, 1920.
+Hoop Scheffer, Jacob Gijsbert de. <em>Inventaris der Archiefstukken berustende bij de Vereenigde Doopsgezinde Gemeente to Amsterdam</em>, 2 vols. Amsterdam: Uitgegeven en ten geschenke aangeboden door den Kerkeraad dier Gemeente, 1883-1884: v. I, Nos. 1317, 1319, 1325 f., 1329, 1348, 1351, 1360, 1366, 1889, 1908, 1911, 1920.
 Huizinga, Jacob. <em>Stamboek . . . van Samuel Peter en Barbara Fry</em>. Groningen, 1890: 38, 39, 61, 62, 67, 69, 114, 115, 117.

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 A second place of refuge for the Swiss Mennonites was [[Montbéliard (Doubs, Franche-Comté, France)|Montbéliard]], now in the French department of [[Doubs (France)|Doubs]]. There were Richens here since 1715. A Hans Richen, a well-to-do farmer with eight children, was for many years an elder in the congregation of Swiss origin, a leading personality. The congregation met every second week in his home; in 1730 he began to keep a church record. In April 1787 he assisted in the ordination of an elder in the Schänzli congregation of [[Basel-Schänzli (Basel Switzerland)|Basel]], and in June of that year he recommended two brethren of the [[Chaux d'Abel (Bern, Switzerland)|Chaux de Fonds]] congregation in the Bernese Jura to the office of elder (see his note in the Bernese dialect, <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em> v. III, 498). He also traveled to the Netherlands as one of the elders from [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] called to the New Swiss congregations in 1766 to arbitrate a dispute among them. A century later Isaac Rich (died 1878), who had grown up in the [[Seigne (Sennergemeinde) Mennonite Church (Alsace, France)|Seigne]] congregation and attended the Mennonite ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite]]) [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|school]] at [[Wadsworth (Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth, Ohio]], established a school in Etupes, near Montbéliard, which was soon moved to [[Exincourt (Franche-Comté, France)|Exincourt]] and continued there until 1876. Other members of the Rich family served as preachers or deacons in the Montbéliard congregation until the 20th century. Peter Rich was the elder of the [[Birkenhof (Alsace, France)|Birkenhof]] congregation in Upper Alsace 1788-circa 1820. In Mennonite circles in Switzerland—Bernese Jura and Basel—and in France—Montbéliard, Altkirch, and [[Florimont (Franche-Comté, France)|Florimont]]—the name continues. It is also found in [[Ohio (State)|Ohio]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], and other states. Willis E. Rich and Ronald L. Rich are on the faculty of [[Bethel College (North Newton, Kansas, USA)|Bethel College]]. Olive G. Rich is on the faculty of [[Goshen College (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Goshen College]]. Eldon S. Rich is a practicing physician in [[Newton (Kansas, USA)|Newton, Kansas]].
 = Bibliography =
 <em>Almanack Mennonite du Cinquantenaire</em> 1901-1951: Montbéliard. 1951:12.
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 Müller, Ernst. <em>Geschichte der Bernischen Täufer</em>. Frauenfeld: Huber, 1895. Reprinted Nieuwkoop : B. de Graaf, 1972: 309, 321, 323, 325.
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