Pennsylvania (USA) - Revision history

SamSteiner at 11:30, 11 March 2024

2024-03-11T11:30:33Z

SamSteiner: Text replacement - "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches" to "[[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"

2023-08-08T19:16:07Z

Text replacement - "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches" to "[[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"

SamSteiner: Text replacement - "[[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)" to "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"

2023-08-08T18:59:52Z

Text replacement - "[[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)" to "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"

AlfRedekopp at 22:50, 26 January 2023

2023-01-26T22:50:59Z

AlfRedekopp at 23:21, 24 January 2023

2023-01-24T23:21:52Z

SamSteiner: wikified table

2020-04-10T15:24:05Z

wikified table

RichardThiessen: Text replace - "Mennonite Quarterly Review" to "''Mennonite Quarterly Review''"

2017-01-15T23:08:55Z

Text replace - "<em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em>" to "''Mennonite Quarterly Review''"

RichardThiessen: Added category.

2014-02-28T08:28:59Z

Added category.

RichardThiessen: Text replace - "Ohio (State)" to "Ohio (USA)"

2014-02-20T03:35:59Z

Text replace - "Ohio (State)" to "Ohio (USA)"

RichardThiessen at 08:34, 26 December 2013

2013-12-26T08:34:19Z

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 Having lost these various divisions, the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]] (MC) constituted the main body in Pennsylvania. For convenience it is usually spoken of as the "Old" Mennonites, but the term "Old" is not official and is not recognized by the group. They have not been influenced much by these various defections. They are still largely conservative, especially in matters of dress and affiliation with other religious bodies, though quite progressive in mission work, Sunday schools, relief work, and other forms of progressive religious effort. As a whole they are more conservative in their religious practices than their brethren of the same branch in the states farther west. Their total membership in the state in 1957 was 26,580 distributed over the various district conferences as follows: [[Franconia Mennonite Church (Telford, Pennsylvania, USA)|Franconia]], 5,311; [[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster]], 14,663; [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny]], 2,721; [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern]], 1,878; [[Washington County (Maryland) and Franklin County (Pennsylvania) Mennonite Conference|Franklin County, Pa., and Washington County, Md.]], 682; [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Conference]], 438; independent congregations, 373; unaccounted for, 514.
-<h3>Amish</h3> The [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] in Pennsylvania divided ca. 1880 into two distinct groups, those who remained unchanged in their forms of worship and church life and practices and hence are called [[Old Order Amish|Old Order Amish]], and those who followed a more progressive pattern and ultimately joined a Mennonite conference. The second group first joined the [[Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference|Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference]] in 1893, which merged with the [[Ohio Mennonite Conference|Ohio Mennonite Conference]] into the [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference]] in 1925. Later several of these congregations transferred to the [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny Mennonite Conference]]. Some Old Order Amish (OOA) joined the [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Amish Conference]], formed in 1910, and additional OOA groups withdrew to join the [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish]] movement which began in 1926. In 1957 the Beachy Amish had 692 members in Pennsylvania in 5 congregations. The Conservative Conference meanwhile had allied itself with the Mennonite Church (MC). The Old Order Amish in Pennsylvania in 1957 numbered 4,168 members in 52 congregations called "districts."
+<h3>Amish</h3> The [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] in Pennsylvania divided ca. 1880 into two distinct groups, those who remained unchanged in their forms of worship and church life and practices and hence are called [[Old Order Amish|Old Order Amish]], and those who followed a more progressive pattern and ultimately joined a Mennonite conference. The second group first joined the [[Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference|Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference]] in 1893, which merged with the [[Ohio Mennonite Conference (1843-1927)|Ohio Mennonite Conference]] into the [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference]] in 1925. Later several of these congregations transferred to the [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny Mennonite Conference]]. Some Old Order Amish (OOA) joined the [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Amish Conference]], formed in 1910, and additional OOA groups withdrew to join the [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish]] movement which began in 1926. In 1957 the Beachy Amish had 692 members in Pennsylvania in 5 congregations. The Conservative Conference meanwhile had allied itself with the Mennonite Church (MC). The Old Order Amish in Pennsylvania in 1957 numbered 4,168 members in 52 congregations called "districts."
 <h3>Situation in 1957</h3>

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 The fifth division was that of the [[Old Order Mennonites, Pennsylvania|Old Order Mennonites]] in [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]] in 1893, a part of a larger movement which included scattered groups of conservative Mennonites who, during the latter part of the 19th century, objected to what they considered some of the progressive religious practices then coming into general use among the Mennonite churches at large - Sunday schools, evangelistic meetings, mission meetings, more modern [[Dress|dress]], in some cases the use of the English language in the pulpit, and other new religious observances more in keeping with the spirit of the times. In Lancaster they were first called "Martinites" after their leader [[Martin, Jonas H. (1839-1925) |Jonas H. Martin]]; in Indiana and Ohio they were called "Wislers" after their leader [[Wisler, Jacob (1808-1889)|Jacob Wisler]], who broke off in 1871-72; in [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]] the group broke off in 1889, in Virginia in 1900. In 1957 the Lancaster group, with several subdivisions, totaled 3,272 in 18 congregations.
-Having lost these various divisions, the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]] (MC) constituted the main body in Pennsylvania. For convenience it is usually spoken of as the "Old" Mennonites, but the term "Old" is not official and is not recognized by the group. They have not been influenced much by these various defections. They are still largely conservative, especially in matters of dress and affiliation with other religious bodies, though quite progressive in mission work, Sunday schools, relief work, and other forms of progressive religious effort. As a whole they are more conservative in their religious practices than their brethren of the same branch in the states farther west. Their total membership in the state in 1957 was 26,580 distributed over the various district conferences as follows: [[Franconia Mennonite Church (Telford, Pennsylvania, USA)|Franconia]], 5,311; [[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster]], 14,663; [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny]], 2,721; [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern]], 1,878; [[Washington County (Maryland) and Franklin County (Pennsylvania) Mennonite Conference|Franklin County, Pa., and Washington County, Md.]], 682; [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Conference]], 438; independent congregations, 373; unaccounted for, 514.
+Having lost these various divisions, the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]] (MC) constituted the main body in Pennsylvania. For convenience it is usually spoken of as the "Old" Mennonites, but the term "Old" is not official and is not recognized by the group. They have not been influenced much by these various defections. They are still largely conservative, especially in matters of dress and affiliation with other religious bodies, though quite progressive in mission work, Sunday schools, relief work, and other forms of progressive religious effort. As a whole they are more conservative in their religious practices than their brethren of the same branch in the states farther west. Their total membership in the state in 1957 was 26,580 distributed over the various district conferences as follows: [[Franconia Mennonite Church (Telford, Pennsylvania, USA)|Franconia]], 5,311; [[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster]], 14,663; [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny]], 2,721; [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern]], 1,878; [[Washington County (Maryland) and Franklin County (Pennsylvania) Mennonite Conference|Franklin County, Pa., and Washington County, Md.]], 682; [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Conference]], 438; independent congregations, 373; unaccounted for, 514.
 <h3>Amish</h3> The [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] in Pennsylvania divided ca. 1880 into two distinct groups, those who remained unchanged in their forms of worship and church life and practices and hence are called [[Old Order Amish|Old Order Amish]], and those who followed a more progressive pattern and ultimately joined a Mennonite conference. The second group first joined the [[Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference|Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference]] in 1893, which merged with the [[Ohio Mennonite Conference|Ohio Mennonite Conference]] into the [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference]] in 1925. Later several of these congregations transferred to the [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny Mennonite Conference]]. Some Old Order Amish (OOA) joined the [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Amish Conference]], formed in 1910, and additional OOA groups withdrew to join the [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish]] movement which began in 1926. In 1957 the Beachy Amish had 692 members in Pennsylvania in 5 congregations. The Conservative Conference meanwhile had allied itself with the Mennonite Church (MC). The Old Order Amish in Pennsylvania in 1957 numbered 4,168 members in 52 congregations called "districts."

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 The fifth division was that of the [[Old Order Mennonites, Pennsylvania|Old Order Mennonites]] in [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]] in 1893, a part of a larger movement which included scattered groups of conservative Mennonites who, during the latter part of the 19th century, objected to what they considered some of the progressive religious practices then coming into general use among the Mennonite churches at large - Sunday schools, evangelistic meetings, mission meetings, more modern [[Dress|dress]], in some cases the use of the English language in the pulpit, and other new religious observances more in keeping with the spirit of the times. In Lancaster they were first called "Martinites" after their leader [[Martin, Jonas H. (1839-1925) |Jonas H. Martin]]; in Indiana and Ohio they were called "Wislers" after their leader [[Wisler, Jacob (1808-1889)|Jacob Wisler]], who broke off in 1871-72; in [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]] the group broke off in 1889, in Virginia in 1900. In 1957 the Lancaster group, with several subdivisions, totaled 3,272 in 18 congregations.
-Having lost these various divisions, the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]] (MC) constituted the main body in Pennsylvania. For convenience it is usually spoken of as the "Old" Mennonites, but the term "Old" is not official and is not recognized by the group. They have not been influenced much by these various defections. They are still largely conservative, especially in matters of dress and affiliation with other religious bodies, though quite progressive in mission work, Sunday schools, relief work, and other forms of progressive religious effort. As a whole they are more conservative in their religious practices than their brethren of the same branch in the states farther west. Their total membership in the state in 1957 was 26,580 distributed over the various district conferences as follows: [[Franconia Mennonite Church (Telford, Pennsylvania, USA)|Franconia]], 5,311; [[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Lancaster]], 14,663; [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny]], 2,721; [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern]], 1,878; [[Washington County (Maryland) and Franklin County (Pennsylvania) Mennonite Conference|Franklin County, Pa., and Washington County, Md.]], 682; [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Conference]], 438; independent congregations, 373; unaccounted for, 514.
+Having lost these various divisions, the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]] (MC) constituted the main body in Pennsylvania. For convenience it is usually spoken of as the "Old" Mennonites, but the term "Old" is not official and is not recognized by the group. They have not been influenced much by these various defections. They are still largely conservative, especially in matters of dress and affiliation with other religious bodies, though quite progressive in mission work, Sunday schools, relief work, and other forms of progressive religious effort. As a whole they are more conservative in their religious practices than their brethren of the same branch in the states farther west. Their total membership in the state in 1957 was 26,580 distributed over the various district conferences as follows: [[Franconia Mennonite Church (Telford, Pennsylvania, USA)|Franconia]], 5,311; [[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster]], 14,663; [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny]], 2,721; [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern]], 1,878; [[Washington County (Maryland) and Franklin County (Pennsylvania) Mennonite Conference|Franklin County, Pa., and Washington County, Md.]], 682; [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Conference]], 438; independent congregations, 373; unaccounted for, 514.
 <h3>Amish</h3> The [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]] in Pennsylvania divided ca. 1880 into two distinct groups, those who remained unchanged in their forms of worship and church life and practices and hence are called [[Old Order Amish|Old Order Amish]], and those who followed a more progressive pattern and ultimately joined a Mennonite conference. The second group first joined the [[Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference|Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference]] in 1893, which merged with the [[Ohio Mennonite Conference|Ohio Mennonite Conference]] into the [[Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC)|Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference]] in 1925. Later several of these congregations transferred to the [[Allegheny Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Allegheny Mennonite Conference]]. Some Old Order Amish (OOA) joined the [[Conservative Mennonite Conference|Conservative Amish Conference]], formed in 1910, and additional OOA groups withdrew to join the [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish]] movement which began in 1926. In 1957 the Beachy Amish had 692 members in Pennsylvania in 5 congregations. The Conservative Conference meanwhile had allied itself with the Mennonite Church (MC). The Old Order Amish in Pennsylvania in 1957 numbered 4,168 members in 52 congregations called "districts."

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 <h3>State Relations</h3>
-As long as the Quakers, who shared with the Mennonites their peace principles and their objection to the [[Oath|oath]], retained control of the political machinery, the Pennsylvania government had a considerate regard for the religious scruples of the Mennonites on these questions. In 1717 a special act was passed by the Pennsylvania Assembly relieving Mennonites from any judicial [[Oath|oath]]; and in 1742 a similar act was passed in behalf of the Amish. In 1754 the Quakers lost control of the Assembly to the non-Quaker element of the population, and the peaceful policy inaugurated by Penn came to an end. During the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) that followed there were many Indian depredations and massacres along the whole Pennsylvania frontier. Among those who lost their lives was an Amish family by the name of Hosteller. The influence of the Quakers, however, together with that of the other German nonresistant religious groups, was sufficiently strong to guarantee consideration on the part of the government for their special religious scruples throughout the 18th century. During the Revolutionary War Mennonites and others who shared their scruples against the bearing of arms were exempt from military duty upon the payment of a special small fee. When Pennsylvania, together with the other colonies, declared herself an independent state and free from England, demanding a new oath of allegiance from her citizens, some of the small Mennonite communities on the outer fringe of the larger settlements found some difficulty with the local authorities in maintaining their traditional principles regarding both war and the oath. Mennonites opposed the new oath on the grounds of opposition both to any oath at all and also to this new one in particular because it committed them to the support of revolution against constituted government, which was against their religious principles. In the small isolated congregation at Saucon in Lehigh County the whole male Mennonite population was at one time committed to jail for refusal to take the required oath. This was an exceptional case of persecution, however; in the larger, compact settlements, where the Mennonites were better known and understood by their local governments, no such drastic measures were resorted to, although all through the Revolutionary War the Mennonites, to whom respect for civil authority was a fundamental religious principle, were regarded by the super patriots of the time as unpatriotic and classed with the Loyalists. In 1790 the new state of Pennsylvania passed a law exempting the Mennonites from active militia duty upon the payment of a small fine.
+As long as the Quakers, who shared with the Mennonites their peace principles and their objection to the [[Oath|oath]], retained control of the political machinery, the Pennsylvania government had a considerate regard for the religious scruples of the Mennonites on these questions. In 1717 a special act was passed by the Pennsylvania Assembly relieving Mennonites from any judicial [[Oath|oath]]; and in 1742 a similar act was passed in behalf of the Amish. In 1754 the Quakers lost control of the Assembly to the non-Quaker element of the population, and the peaceful policy inaugurated by Penn came to an end. During the French and Indian War (Seven Years' War) that followed there were many Indigenous depredations and massacres along the whole Pennsylvania frontier. Among those who lost their lives was an Amish family by the name of Hosteller. The influence of the Quakers, however, together with that of the other German nonresistant religious groups, was sufficiently strong to guarantee consideration on the part of the government for their special religious scruples throughout the 18th century. During the Revolutionary War Mennonites and others who shared their scruples against the bearing of arms were exempt from military duty upon the payment of a special small fee. When Pennsylvania, together with the other colonies, declared herself an independent state and free from England, demanding a new oath of allegiance from her citizens, some of the small Mennonite communities on the outer fringe of the larger settlements found some difficulty with the local authorities in maintaining their traditional principles regarding both war and the oath. Mennonites opposed the new oath on the grounds of opposition both to any oath at all and also to this new one in particular because it committed them to the support of revolution against constituted government, which was against their religious principles. In the small isolated congregation at Saucon in Lehigh County the whole male Mennonite population was at one time committed to jail for refusal to take the required oath. This was an exceptional case of persecution, however; in the larger, compact settlements, where the Mennonites were better known and understood by their local governments, no such drastic measures were resorted to, although all through the Revolutionary War the Mennonites, to whom respect for civil authority was a fundamental religious principle, were regarded by the super patriots of the time as unpatriotic and classed with the Loyalists. In 1790 the new state of Pennsylvania passed a law exempting the Mennonites from active militia duty upon the payment of a small fine.
 While the Mennonites were unanimous in their refusal to bear arms, there was some difference in certain quarters on the question of paying the special war taxes required by the government. In 1778, [[Funk, Christian (1731-1811)|Bishop Christian Funk]], son of the pioneer [[Funck, Heinrich (d. 1760)|Bishop Heinrich Funck]], living in Indianfield Township in the Franconia region, insisted on the payment of the special tax, contrary to the general opinion of his fellow Mennonites of this region. As a result of this difference Funk was deposed by the fellowship and with some 52 followers organized an independent congregation that later came to be known as Funkite by those who disagreed with him. These Funkites retained their separate existence until 1850, when they became extinct.

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 Beginning with 1710 there was a continuous migration of Mennonites from Switzerland and the German Palatinate, which continued more or less regularly throughout the 18th century up to the time of the French and Indian War (1756-63). Part of these filled up the Franconia settlement. The rest made their way some 60 miles west of Philadelphia, along the Pequea and Conestoga valleys, in what is now [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]], which is today almost solidly Mennonite in most of its rural area. The very first settlers here in 1710 came directly from Switzerland, the rest mostly from the Palatinate. There was little immigration from Europe to Pennsylvania during the wars from 1756 to 1815; after that, Mennonites as well as others who sought greater freedom in America chose the cheaper lands farther west beyond the Allegheny Mountains, so that Mennonite immigration to Pennsylvania was to all intents ended by 1756. The total Mennonite immigration may have reached 3,000 persons. The [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]] settlement spilled over into York, Cumberland, Dauphin, and Lebanon counties.
-Beginning with 1736 the Amish also followed the Mennonites to the "Paradise of Pennsylvania," but located their first settlement somewhat northeast of the land occupied by the Mennonites in Lancaster, farther out on the frontier, along the Blue Ridge Mountains in what is now northern [[Berks County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Berks County]]. During the Indian Wars that followed in 1754 they were driven south, and the first settlement was abandoned for safer areas in Lancaster and Chester counties on the eastern Lancaster fringe from [[Morgantown (Pennsylvania, USA)|Morgantown]] to Atglen. The Amish immigration did not total more than 400 persons.
+Beginning with 1736 the Amish also followed the Mennonites to the "Paradise of Pennsylvania," but located their first settlement somewhat northeast of the land occupied by the Mennonites in Lancaster, farther out on the frontier, along the Blue Ridge Mountains in what is now northern [[Berks County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Berks County]]. During the wars that followed in 1754 they were driven south, and the first settlement was abandoned for safer areas in Lancaster and Chester counties on the eastern Lancaster fringe from [[Morgantown (Pennsylvania, USA)|Morgantown]] to Atglen. The Amish immigration did not total more than 400 persons.
 Numerous religious nonresistant German groups and mystics, Dunkards, [[Schwenkfelder Church|Schwenckfelder]]s, Moravians, and other smaller German sects soon found their way to the land of freedom from the oppression of the Old World. The smaller [[Nonresistance|nonresistant]] groups, including Mennonites and [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]], however, formed only a small part of the German migration to Pennsylvania during this period. There was a large influx from South Germany of members of the Protestant state churches - Reformed and Lutheran. These were followed before the middle of the 18th century by the Scottish-Irish, who, finding that the best lands of southeastern Pennsylvania had been taken over by the Germans and the English Quakers, were forced to seek homes farther out on the frontier, along the foothills of the Alleghenies. So by the time of the Revolutionary War (1776), Pennsylvania was settled by the English Quakers, Germans of all religious groups, and the Scottish-Irish (mostly Presbyterians), all enjoying perfect religious liberty, living side by side in peace and contentment. The Mennonites, although they were the first German settlers in the province, formed only a small part of the entire German population by the close of the century. It is estimated that by 1776 there were about 100,000 Germans in Pennsylvania, constituting perhaps about one third of the entire population. Of this number the Mennonites and Amish were not more than 10 per cent.

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 In 1957 Pennsylvania had the largest total number of Mennonites, 39,382, of any state in the Union, twice as large as Ohio, the next in size. This number was distributed by branches as follows:
-<table align="center" class="plain">
+{|  class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
-<tr> <td>Mennonite Church (MC)</td> <td align="right">26,580</td> </tr>
+| Mennonite Church (MC) ||  align="right" | 26,580
-<tr> <td>Old Order Amish</td> <td align="right">4,168</td> </tr>
+|-
-<tr> <td>General Conference Mennonite Church</td> <td align="right">4,061</td> </tr>
+| Old Order Amish ||  align="right" | 4,168
-<tr> <td>Old Order Mennonite</td> <td align="right">3,272</td> </tr>
+|-
-<tr> <td>Beachy Amish</td> <td align="right">692</td> </tr>
+| General Conference Mennonite Church ||  align="right" | 4,061
-<tr> <td>Reformed Mennonite</td> <td align="right">309</td> </tr>
+|-
-<tr> <td>Stauffer Mennonite</td> <td align="right">300</td> </tr>  </table>
+| Old Order Mennonite ||  align="right" | 3,272
 The Mennonite Brethren in Christ, who do not reckon themselves with the other Mennonite bodies, had 4,507 members in Pennsylvania in 1957. Thus the total in Pennsylvania carrying the name Mennonite was 43,889.
@@ Line 146: / Line 153: @@
 Weaver, M. G. <em>Mennonites of Lancaster Conference</em>. Scottdale, 1931.
 {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 4, pp. 136-141|date=1959|a1_last=Smith|a1_first=C. Henry|a2_last= |a2_first= }}
 [[Category:States of the United States]]

@@ Line 130: / Line 130: @@
 ARDA: The Association of Religion Data Archives. "State Membership Report: Pennsylvania, Religious Traditions, 2010." Web. 25 December 2013. http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/42/rcms2010_42_state_name_2010.asp.
-Bender, H. S. "Founding of the Mennonite Church in America at Germantown, 1683-1708." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> VII (1933): 327-50.
+Bender, H. S. "Founding of the Mennonite Church in America at Germantown, 1683-1708." ''Mennonite Quarterly Review'' VII (1933): 327-50.
 Krehbiel, H. P. <em>History of the General Conference of the Mennonite Church of North America</em>. Canton, 1898.

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:28, 28 February 2014
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	Weaver, M. G. <em>Mennonites of Lancaster Conference</em>. Scottdale, 1931.		Weaver, M. G. <em>Mennonites of Lancaster Conference</em>. Scottdale, 1931.
	{{GAMEO_footer\|hp=Vol. 4, pp. 136-141\|date=1959\|a1_last=Smith\|a1_first=C. Henry\|a2_last= \|a2_first= }}		{{GAMEO_footer\|hp=Vol. 4, pp. 136-141\|date=1959\|a1_last=Smith\|a1_first=C. Henry\|a2_last= \|a2_first= }}
		+	[[Category:States of the United States]]

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 All the early Pennsylvania settlements were made in the southeastern corner of the province, within 100 miles of Philadelphia. As they expanded by natural increase and by the addition of new immigrants, and as the land became more valuable and scarce, the second and third generation descendants of the first colonists, as well as the newcomers, were compelled to find new homes farther out on the unoccupied frontiers. Mennonites were always among the pioneer settlers in new territory. As early as 1727 a group of Mennonites were found with the first German immigrants to the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, although no permanent Mennonite settlement was made in Virginia until about 1780. In that state before the end of the century a number of flourishing congregations were located in the general region of Harrisonburg in what is now [[Rockingham County (Virginia, USA) |Rockingham County]]. Before 1800, too, the Pennsylvania Mennonites had established new homes along the [[Juniata County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Juniata]] in the center of the province, in south-central [[Franklin County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Franklin County]], and in the southwestern corner near the headwaters of the Ohio River in Somerset County and [[Westmoreland County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Westmoreland County]]. In 1786 a number of Mennonites from Franklin County and later (1794) from [[Bucks County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Bucks]] and [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster]] found their way to [[Ontario (Canada)|Ontario]], first near Niagara, then near what became Berlin, but now [[Kitchener-Waterloo (Ontario, Canada)|Kitchener]], where they founded a major colony which has since grown into a large number of flourishing congregations, as well as smaller settlements in Lincoln County (Vineland) and in York County north of [[Toronto (Ontario, Canada)|Toronto]] ([[Markham (Ontario, Canada)|Markham]]).
-The Amish, too, expanded their settlement before the close of the century into the beautiful Kishacoquillas Valley in what is now [[Mifflin County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Mifflin County]], and into [[Somerset County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Somerset County]]. During the 19th century both the Mennonites and the Amish formed new congregations in a beeline westward in several states — [[Ohio (State)|Ohio]], [[Indiana (USA)|Indiana]], [[Illinois (USA)|Illinois]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], [[Missouri (USA)|Missouri]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], and [[Nebraska (USA)|Nebraska]].
+The Amish, too, expanded their settlement before the close of the century into the beautiful Kishacoquillas Valley in what is now [[Mifflin County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Mifflin County]], and into [[Somerset County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Somerset County]]. During the 19th century both the Mennonites and the Amish formed new congregations in a beeline westward in several states — [[Ohio (USA)|Ohio]], [[Indiana (USA)|Indiana]], [[Illinois (USA)|Illinois]], [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], [[Missouri (USA)|Missouri]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], and [[Nebraska (USA)|Nebraska]].
 <h3>State Relations</h3>

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:34, 26 December 2013
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	= Bibliography =		= Bibliography =
		+	ARDA: The Association of Religion Data Archives. "State Membership Report: Pennsylvania, Religious Traditions, 2010." Web. 25 December 2013. http://www.thearda.com/rcms2010/r/s/42/rcms2010_42_state_name_2010.asp.
		+
	Bender, H. S. "Founding of the Mennonite Church in America at Germantown, 1683-1708." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> VII (1933): 327-50.		Bender, H. S. "Founding of the Mennonite Church in America at Germantown, 1683-1708." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> VII (1933): 327-50.