Hymnology of the North American Mennonites - Revision history

SamSteiner: Text replacement - "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches" to "[[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"

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Text replacement - "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches" to "[[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"

SamSteiner: Text replacement - "[[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)" to "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"

2023-08-08T19:01:07Z

Text replacement - "[[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)" to "[[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches"

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RichardThiessen: Text replace - "Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II," to "''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II,"

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Text replace - "<em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II," to "''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II,"

RichardThiessen: Text replace - "Mennonite Quarterly Review" to "''Mennonite Quarterly Review''"

2017-01-15T23:06:43Z

Text replace - "<em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em>" to "''Mennonite Quarterly Review''"

RichardThiessen: Text replace - "Ohio (State)" to "Ohio (USA)"

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Text replace - "Ohio (State)" to "Ohio (USA)"

RichardThiessen at 00:11, 29 November 2013

2013-11-29T00:11:44Z

RichardThiessen: /* Bibliography */

2013-10-12T06:35:41Z

Bibliography

RichardThiessen at 06:33, 12 October 2013

2013-10-12T06:33:28Z

RichardThiessen at 06:32, 12 October 2013

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 The first original Mennonite hymnbook edited and published in America was the Franconia Conference hymnal, ''Die Kleine Geistliche Harfe der Kinder Zions'' (Germantown 1803, 472 pp., further editions as follows: Germantown 1811 and 1820, [[Northampton County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Northampton]] 1834, Doylestown 1838, Lancaster 1870, Elkhart 1904). It had 40 select Psalms in a first section, followed by 474 hymns (475 from the second edition on) in a second section under a new title, ''Sammlung alter und neuer Geistreicher ''Gesange. An appendix of 20 hymns, added in the second edition, grew to 34 hymns by 1870. It had no imitators or condensations as did the Lancaster hymnal. However, when the ''Church hymnal, Mennonite'', was published in 1927 a special edition was furnished with a German appendix of 135 hymns (56 pp.) chosen from the ''Harfe'' by Bishop Abram G. Clemmer of the Franconia Conference. As late as 1952 1,000 copies of this German appendix were printed and bound in with the ''Hymnal'' for Franconia use.
-The first edition of the [[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster Conference]] hymnal, called ''[[Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch, Ein|Ein Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch]]'' (the word ''Ein'' was dropped after the second edition), was published at Lancaster in 1804 as a good-sized book of 511 pages. It contained two parts: first 62 select Psalms set to music; second a selection of 390 hymns with a new title page, ''Ein Neues, Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch zum allgemeinen Gebrauch des wahren Gottesdienstes. Auf Begehren der Brüderschaft der Mennonisten Gemeinen, aus vielen Liederbüchern gesammelt mit einem dreyfachen Register versehen''. Later editions added numerous additional hymns in the form of three appendices (1808, first appendix, 35 hymns; 1820, second appendix, 32 hymns; 1829, third appendix, 14 hymns). The compiling committee states that several were selected from the martyr hymns of the earlier church hymnal, meaning the ''Ausbund''; actually 64 hymns (45 per cent of the ''Ausbund'' total) were taken from it, amounting to 17 per cent of the 390 basic hymns in the book. It was apparently the only Mennonite hymnal, European or American, which took over any substantial number of the hymns of the ''Ausbund''). This hymnal went through 14 more editions 1808-87, all at Lancaster with a late edition in 1903 at the same place. Mellinger states that the earlier editions were for 4,000 copies each. The hymnal was published again in 1923 and 1941 in a special edition for the Old Order Amish and other branches in Lancaster County which still use the book. It also seems to have been used in Southwestern Pennsylvania, in Ontario, and in [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]], at least for a time.
+The first edition of the [[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster Conference]] hymnal, called ''[[Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch, Ein|Ein Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch]]'' (the word ''Ein'' was dropped after the second edition), was published at Lancaster in 1804 as a good-sized book of 511 pages. It contained two parts: first 62 select Psalms set to music; second a selection of 390 hymns with a new title page, ''Ein Neues, Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch zum allgemeinen Gebrauch des wahren Gottesdienstes. Auf Begehren der Brüderschaft der Mennonisten Gemeinen, aus vielen Liederbüchern gesammelt mit einem dreyfachen Register versehen''. Later editions added numerous additional hymns in the form of three appendices (1808, first appendix, 35 hymns; 1820, second appendix, 32 hymns; 1829, third appendix, 14 hymns). The compiling committee states that several were selected from the martyr hymns of the earlier church hymnal, meaning the ''Ausbund''; actually 64 hymns (45 per cent of the ''Ausbund'' total) were taken from it, amounting to 17 per cent of the 390 basic hymns in the book. It was apparently the only Mennonite hymnal, European or American, which took over any substantial number of the hymns of the ''Ausbund''). This hymnal went through 14 more editions 1808-87, all at Lancaster with a late edition in 1903 at the same place. Mellinger states that the earlier editions were for 4,000 copies each. The hymnal was published again in 1923 and 1941 in a special edition for the Old Order Amish and other branches in Lancaster County which still use the book. It also seems to have been used in Southwestern Pennsylvania, in Ontario, and in [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]], at least for a time.
 [[File:GemeinschaftlicheLiedersammlung(1838).gif|300px|thumb|right|''2nd edition of Benjamin Eby's hymnbook'']]
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 The English hymnals of the Mennonite Church (MC) began with a small format book published at Harrisonburg, Va., in 1847, entitled'' A selection of Psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs. From the most approved authors, suited to the various occasions of public worship and private devotion of the church of Christ by a committee of Mennonites'' [Joseph Funk, David Hartman, Joseph Wenger], with 363 hymns. It was reprinted by Joseph Funk at Singers Glen, Va., six times (1851, 1855, 1859, 1868, 1872, 1877) at Lancaster four times (1862, 1864, 1869, 1875), at Elkhart three times (1880, 1882, 1884), and at Scottdale in 1948. In 1851 the title was changed from ''A Selection'' to ''A Collection'' and the number of hymns increased to 402, with a German appendix of 27 hymns, which grew to 37 in 1855, and changed to an English appendix of 48 hymns in 1875. This was the only English hymnal of the church until 1890, when ''Hymns and tunes'' appeared at Elkhart. Joseph Funk's ''Harmonia Sacra'' (first published in 1816 as ''Die allgemein nützliche Choral-Music'' at Harrisonburg, Va., then in 1832 in English as ''A compilation of genuine church music'', called ''Harmonia Sacra'' with the fifth edition in 1851) did not become a regular church hymnal, since it was in the long (horizontal) singing-school format and had three-part harmonizations (four-part harmonizations introduced by 1871). It did, however, furnish many of the tunes for the little English hymnal and was very popular. Called the ''New Harmonia Sacra'' in its 15th edition (1876), it is still being printed (24th edition by 1999). A similar book was the ''Philharmonia'' compiled by M. D. Wenger and published at Elkhart in 1875 (reprint in 1881) under a double title in English and German: ''The Philharmonia, a collection of tunes, adapted to public and private worship, containing tunes for all the hymns in the English Mennonite Hymn Book, the Gemeinschaftliche, Unparteiische and Allgemeine Liedersammlungen, the Unparteiische Gesangbuch, and the Mennonitische Gesangbuch, with instructions and explanations in English and German, also English and German texts to most of the tunes, metrical indexes, etc., including a greater variety of meters of church music than any other work of the kind now published. Compiled by Martin D. Wenger''. (The "all" in this title was an overstatement.) An English Sunday-school hymnal, prepared by C. H. Brunk of Virginia, published at Elkhart in 1883 (reprints 1884, 1888) under the title ''Bible school hymns and sacred songs for Sunday schools and other religious services'', 40 pp., was really a hymnal for [[Children|children]]. A similar book, ''The Christian harp and Sabbath school songster, designed for the use of the social religious circle, revivals and the Sabbath school'', published in 1866 jointly by Ruebush &amp; Kieffer of Singers Glen, Va., and H. B. Brenneman of Bremen, Ohio (printed by Joseph Funk's Sons at Singers Glen), has also been attributed to C. H. Brunk (''[[Mennonite Cyclopedic Dictionary|Mennonite Cyclopedic Dictionary]]'', 44).
-The first American Mennonite hymnal with printed tunes (for about one half of the hymns) was ''Hymns and tunes for public and private worship, and Sunday schools compiled by a committee'' [H. S. Rupp, Samuel Shank, Emanuel Suter, C. H. Brunk, J. S. Coffman] (Elkhart, 1890), with 457 hymns and 216 tunes, sponsored by the [[Virginia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Virginia]] and Indiana Mennonite Conferences. It was a transition hymnal between the German and the English books, especially in the [[Franconia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Franconia]] and [[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster Conferences]], but was displaced in turn by the ''Church and Sunday school hymnal'' of 1902.
+The first American Mennonite hymnal with printed tunes (for about one half of the hymns) was ''Hymns and tunes for public and private worship, and Sunday schools compiled by a committee'' [H. S. Rupp, Samuel Shank, Emanuel Suter, C. H. Brunk, J. S. Coffman] (Elkhart, 1890), with 457 hymns and 216 tunes, sponsored by the [[Virginia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Virginia]] and Indiana Mennonite Conferences. It was a transition hymnal between the German and the English books, especially in the [[Franconia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Franconia]] and [[LMC: a Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster Conferences]], but was displaced in turn by the ''Church and Sunday school hymnal'' of 1902.
 The fully official English hymnbook of the Mennonite Church (MC) began in 1902 with the ''Church and Sunday school hymnal, a collection of hymns and sacred songs, appropriate for church services, Sunday schools, and general devotional exercises. Compiled and published under the direction of a committee appointed by Mennonite conferences'' (Elkhart, Ind., and Freeport, Ill., 1902) with 412 hymns and a German appendix of 50 hymns, It also appeared in a word edition without music. It was reprinted at Scottdale in 1911 and 1926 and a number of times since, and in 1911 given a supplement (''Church and Sunday school hymnal supplement), which increased the number of hymns to 532. (Selections from Church and Sunday school hymnal was issued at Scottdale in 1911.) ''It remained in print in 1999. It was finally replaced in 1927 by ''Church hymnal, Mennonite, a collection of hymns and sacred songs, suitable for use in public worship, worship in the home, and all general occasions, [[Brunk, John David (1872-1926)|J. D. Brunk]], Musical editor, [[Coffman, Samuel Frederick (1872-1954)|S.F. Coffman]], Hymn editor, Published by approval of Mennonite General Conference, First Edition fifteenth thousand. Printed in both shaped and round Notes'' (Scottdale, 1927). This standard hymnal, with 657 hymns, has gone through thirteen editions, with a total of 120,000 copies issued to 1956. However, the Church and Sunday School Hymnal of 1902 continues to be reprinted and enjoys a substantial patronage, with probably 80 per cent of the sales of the Church Hymnal of 1927; from 1925 to 1954, 73,000 were printed. It remained in print in 1999. ''Select hymns and gospel songs taken from the Church hymnal for use in conferences and special meetings,'' with 77 hymns, appeared first in 1929, was issued in an enlarged edition with 132 hymns in 1934, and reached its final form in 1953 with 138 hymns, with the title ''Selections from Church hymnal for use in conference, special meetings'', with a total printing of 20,000.

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 The first original Mennonite hymnbook edited and published in America was the Franconia Conference hymnal, ''Die Kleine Geistliche Harfe der Kinder Zions'' (Germantown 1803, 472 pp., further editions as follows: Germantown 1811 and 1820, [[Northampton County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Northampton]] 1834, Doylestown 1838, Lancaster 1870, Elkhart 1904). It had 40 select Psalms in a first section, followed by 474 hymns (475 from the second edition on) in a second section under a new title, ''Sammlung alter und neuer Geistreicher ''Gesange. An appendix of 20 hymns, added in the second edition, grew to 34 hymns by 1870. It had no imitators or condensations as did the Lancaster hymnal. However, when the ''Church hymnal, Mennonite'', was published in 1927 a special edition was furnished with a German appendix of 135 hymns (56 pp.) chosen from the ''Harfe'' by Bishop Abram G. Clemmer of the Franconia Conference. As late as 1952 1,000 copies of this German appendix were printed and bound in with the ''Hymnal'' for Franconia use.
-The first edition of the [[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Lancaster Conference]] hymnal, called ''[[Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch, Ein|Ein Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch]]'' (the word ''Ein'' was dropped after the second edition), was published at Lancaster in 1804 as a good-sized book of 511 pages. It contained two parts: first 62 select Psalms set to music; second a selection of 390 hymns with a new title page, ''Ein Neues, Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch zum allgemeinen Gebrauch des wahren Gottesdienstes. Auf Begehren der Brüderschaft der Mennonisten Gemeinen, aus vielen Liederbüchern gesammelt mit einem dreyfachen Register versehen''. Later editions added numerous additional hymns in the form of three appendices (1808, first appendix, 35 hymns; 1820, second appendix, 32 hymns; 1829, third appendix, 14 hymns). The compiling committee states that several were selected from the martyr hymns of the earlier church hymnal, meaning the ''Ausbund''; actually 64 hymns (45 per cent of the ''Ausbund'' total) were taken from it, amounting to 17 per cent of the 390 basic hymns in the book. It was apparently the only Mennonite hymnal, European or American, which took over any substantial number of the hymns of the ''Ausbund''). This hymnal went through 14 more editions 1808-87, all at Lancaster with a late edition in 1903 at the same place. Mellinger states that the earlier editions were for 4,000 copies each. The hymnal was published again in 1923 and 1941 in a special edition for the Old Order Amish and other branches in Lancaster County which still use the book. It also seems to have been used in Southwestern Pennsylvania, in Ontario, and in [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]], at least for a time.
+The first edition of the [[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster Conference]] hymnal, called ''[[Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch, Ein|Ein Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch]]'' (the word ''Ein'' was dropped after the second edition), was published at Lancaster in 1804 as a good-sized book of 511 pages. It contained two parts: first 62 select Psalms set to music; second a selection of 390 hymns with a new title page, ''Ein Neues, Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch zum allgemeinen Gebrauch des wahren Gottesdienstes. Auf Begehren der Brüderschaft der Mennonisten Gemeinen, aus vielen Liederbüchern gesammelt mit einem dreyfachen Register versehen''. Later editions added numerous additional hymns in the form of three appendices (1808, first appendix, 35 hymns; 1820, second appendix, 32 hymns; 1829, third appendix, 14 hymns). The compiling committee states that several were selected from the martyr hymns of the earlier church hymnal, meaning the ''Ausbund''; actually 64 hymns (45 per cent of the ''Ausbund'' total) were taken from it, amounting to 17 per cent of the 390 basic hymns in the book. It was apparently the only Mennonite hymnal, European or American, which took over any substantial number of the hymns of the ''Ausbund''). This hymnal went through 14 more editions 1808-87, all at Lancaster with a late edition in 1903 at the same place. Mellinger states that the earlier editions were for 4,000 copies each. The hymnal was published again in 1923 and 1941 in a special edition for the Old Order Amish and other branches in Lancaster County which still use the book. It also seems to have been used in Southwestern Pennsylvania, in Ontario, and in [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]], at least for a time.
 [[File:GemeinschaftlicheLiedersammlung(1838).gif|300px|thumb|right|''2nd edition of Benjamin Eby's hymnbook'']]
@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 The English hymnals of the Mennonite Church (MC) began with a small format book published at Harrisonburg, Va., in 1847, entitled'' A selection of Psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs. From the most approved authors, suited to the various occasions of public worship and private devotion of the church of Christ by a committee of Mennonites'' [Joseph Funk, David Hartman, Joseph Wenger], with 363 hymns. It was reprinted by Joseph Funk at Singers Glen, Va., six times (1851, 1855, 1859, 1868, 1872, 1877) at Lancaster four times (1862, 1864, 1869, 1875), at Elkhart three times (1880, 1882, 1884), and at Scottdale in 1948. In 1851 the title was changed from ''A Selection'' to ''A Collection'' and the number of hymns increased to 402, with a German appendix of 27 hymns, which grew to 37 in 1855, and changed to an English appendix of 48 hymns in 1875. This was the only English hymnal of the church until 1890, when ''Hymns and tunes'' appeared at Elkhart. Joseph Funk's ''Harmonia Sacra'' (first published in 1816 as ''Die allgemein nützliche Choral-Music'' at Harrisonburg, Va., then in 1832 in English as ''A compilation of genuine church music'', called ''Harmonia Sacra'' with the fifth edition in 1851) did not become a regular church hymnal, since it was in the long (horizontal) singing-school format and had three-part harmonizations (four-part harmonizations introduced by 1871). It did, however, furnish many of the tunes for the little English hymnal and was very popular. Called the ''New Harmonia Sacra'' in its 15th edition (1876), it is still being printed (24th edition by 1999). A similar book was the ''Philharmonia'' compiled by M. D. Wenger and published at Elkhart in 1875 (reprint in 1881) under a double title in English and German: ''The Philharmonia, a collection of tunes, adapted to public and private worship, containing tunes for all the hymns in the English Mennonite Hymn Book, the Gemeinschaftliche, Unparteiische and Allgemeine Liedersammlungen, the Unparteiische Gesangbuch, and the Mennonitische Gesangbuch, with instructions and explanations in English and German, also English and German texts to most of the tunes, metrical indexes, etc., including a greater variety of meters of church music than any other work of the kind now published. Compiled by Martin D. Wenger''. (The "all" in this title was an overstatement.) An English Sunday-school hymnal, prepared by C. H. Brunk of Virginia, published at Elkhart in 1883 (reprints 1884, 1888) under the title ''Bible school hymns and sacred songs for Sunday schools and other religious services'', 40 pp., was really a hymnal for [[Children|children]]. A similar book, ''The Christian harp and Sabbath school songster, designed for the use of the social religious circle, revivals and the Sabbath school'', published in 1866 jointly by Ruebush &amp; Kieffer of Singers Glen, Va., and H. B. Brenneman of Bremen, Ohio (printed by Joseph Funk's Sons at Singers Glen), has also been attributed to C. H. Brunk (''[[Mennonite Cyclopedic Dictionary|Mennonite Cyclopedic Dictionary]]'', 44).
-The first American Mennonite hymnal with printed tunes (for about one half of the hymns) was ''Hymns and tunes for public and private worship, and Sunday schools compiled by a committee'' [H. S. Rupp, Samuel Shank, Emanuel Suter, C. H. Brunk, J. S. Coffman] (Elkhart, 1890), with 457 hymns and 216 tunes, sponsored by the [[Virginia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Virginia]] and Indiana Mennonite Conferences. It was a transition hymnal between the German and the English books, especially in the [[Franconia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Franconia]] and [[Lancaster Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Lancaster Conferences]], but was displaced in turn by the ''Church and Sunday school hymnal'' of 1902.
+The first American Mennonite hymnal with printed tunes (for about one half of the hymns) was ''Hymns and tunes for public and private worship, and Sunday schools compiled by a committee'' [H. S. Rupp, Samuel Shank, Emanuel Suter, C. H. Brunk, J. S. Coffman] (Elkhart, 1890), with 457 hymns and 216 tunes, sponsored by the [[Virginia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Virginia]] and Indiana Mennonite Conferences. It was a transition hymnal between the German and the English books, especially in the [[Franconia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Franconia]] and [[LMC: A Fellowship of Anabaptist Churches|Lancaster Conferences]], but was displaced in turn by the ''Church and Sunday school hymnal'' of 1902.
 The fully official English hymnbook of the Mennonite Church (MC) began in 1902 with the ''Church and Sunday school hymnal, a collection of hymns and sacred songs, appropriate for church services, Sunday schools, and general devotional exercises. Compiled and published under the direction of a committee appointed by Mennonite conferences'' (Elkhart, Ind., and Freeport, Ill., 1902) with 412 hymns and a German appendix of 50 hymns, It also appeared in a word edition without music. It was reprinted at Scottdale in 1911 and 1926 and a number of times since, and in 1911 given a supplement (''Church and Sunday school hymnal supplement), which increased the number of hymns to 532. (Selections from Church and Sunday school hymnal was issued at Scottdale in 1911.) ''It remained in print in 1999. It was finally replaced in 1927 by ''Church hymnal, Mennonite, a collection of hymns and sacred songs, suitable for use in public worship, worship in the home, and all general occasions, [[Brunk, John David (1872-1926)|J. D. Brunk]], Musical editor, [[Coffman, Samuel Frederick (1872-1954)|S.F. Coffman]], Hymn editor, Published by approval of Mennonite General Conference, First Edition fifteenth thousand. Printed in both shaped and round Notes'' (Scottdale, 1927). This standard hymnal, with 657 hymns, has gone through thirteen editions, with a total of 120,000 copies issued to 1956. However, the Church and Sunday School Hymnal of 1902 continues to be reprinted and enjoys a substantial patronage, with probably 80 per cent of the sales of the Church Hymnal of 1927; from 1925 to 1954, 73,000 were printed. It remained in print in 1999. ''Select hymns and gospel songs taken from the Church hymnal for use in conferences and special meetings,'' with 77 hymns, appeared first in 1929, was issued in an enlarged edition with 132 hymns in 1934, and reached its final form in 1953 with 138 hymns, with the title ''Selections from Church hymnal for use in conference, special meetings'', with a total printing of 20,000.

@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 Bender, Harold S. <em>Two Centuries of American Mennonite Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1929.
-Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II, 86-91.
+Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. ''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II, 86-91.
 Hohmann, W. H. <em>Outlines in Hymnology with Emphasis on Mennonite Hymnology</em>. Newton, KS 1941.

@@ Line 99: / Line 99: @@
 See also [[Music, Church (1956)|Church Music]]; [[Hymnology of the Anabaptists|Hymnology of the Anabaptists]]; [[Hymnology of the Mennonites in the Netherlands|Hymnology of the Mennonites in the Netherlands]]; [[Hymnology of the Mennonites of West and East Prussia, Danzig, and Russia|Hymnology of the Mennonites of West and East Prussia, Danzig, and Russia]]; [[Hymnology (1989)|Hymnology (1989)]]; [[Hymnology of the Swiss, French, and South German Mennonites|Hymnology of the Swiss, French, and South German Mennonites]]
 = Bibliography =
-Bender, Harold S. "The Literature and Hymnology of the Mennonites of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania." <em>Mennonite Quarterly Review</em> 6 (1932): 156-68.
+Bender, Harold S. "The Literature and Hymnology of the Mennonites of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania." ''Mennonite Quarterly Review'' 6 (1932): 156-68.
 Bender, Harold S. <em>Two Centuries of American Mennonite Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1929.

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 <h4>German Hymnals</h4>
-The early Swiss and Palatine Mennonite immigrants to [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] brought with them the ancient Swiss Mennonite hymnal, the [[Ausbund|''Ausbund'']], first published in 1564 in Switzerland. This book was in common use in the early days. An American edition of the book was soon needed, and was the first Mennonite book published in America for Mennonite use. It was published by Saur at Germantown in 1742, and again in 1751, 1767, and 1785. At Lancaster, Pennsylvania, it was first published in 1815, reappearing there a total of eight times, last in 1912. Further editions were published by the [[Old Order Amish]] congregations of [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]] with the place given as "Lancaster County" in 1935, 1941, 1949, 1952, with an edition at Kutztown, Pennsylvania in 1922. Reprints of the 1952 edition had been made 16 times by 1999. [[Funk, John Fretz (1835-1930)|John F. Funk]] published editions at Elkhart in 1880, 1905, and 1913, obviously for the Amish of the Midwest. The <em>Ausbund</em> went out of use in Mennonite congregations early in the 19th century; since that time it has been used almost exclusively by the Old Order Amish congregations of [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] and west. The Alsatian, Bavarian, and Hessian Amish who settled in [[Ohio (State)|Ohio]], Ontario, and [[Illinois (USA)|Illinois]] from 1824 on brought the <em>Ausbund</em> with them (last European edition at Basel in 1838) and may also have purchased some of the Lancaster editions.
+The early Swiss and Palatine Mennonite immigrants to [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] brought with them the ancient Swiss Mennonite hymnal, the [[Ausbund|''Ausbund'']], first published in 1564 in Switzerland. This book was in common use in the early days. An American edition of the book was soon needed, and was the first Mennonite book published in America for Mennonite use. It was published by Saur at Germantown in 1742, and again in 1751, 1767, and 1785. At Lancaster, Pennsylvania, it was first published in 1815, reappearing there a total of eight times, last in 1912. Further editions were published by the [[Old Order Amish]] congregations of [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]] with the place given as "Lancaster County" in 1935, 1941, 1949, 1952, with an edition at Kutztown, Pennsylvania in 1922. Reprints of the 1952 edition had been made 16 times by 1999. [[Funk, John Fretz (1835-1930)|John F. Funk]] published editions at Elkhart in 1880, 1905, and 1913, obviously for the Amish of the Midwest. The <em>Ausbund</em> went out of use in Mennonite congregations early in the 19th century; since that time it has been used almost exclusively by the Old Order Amish congregations of [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] and west. The Alsatian, Bavarian, and Hessian Amish who settled in [[Ohio (USA)|Ohio]], Ontario, and [[Illinois (USA)|Illinois]] from 1824 on brought the <em>Ausbund</em> with them (last European edition at Basel in 1838) and may also have purchased some of the Lancaster editions.
 The American editions of the <em>Ausbund</em> all carry significant additional materials beyond the European editions as follows: a total of 140 hymns rather than 137, an index of hymns by first lines, an index of hymns which can be sung to the same tune, the <em>Confessio, Oder Bekantnuss</em> of [[Imbroich, Thomas von (1533-1558)|Thomas von Imbroich]] (19 pp.), <em>Ein warhafftiger Bericht, von den Brüdern im Schweitzerland in dem Zürcher Gebiet, wegen der Trübsalen welche über sie ergangen seyn um des Evangeliums willen</em> (38 pp.), and an appendix called <em>Anhang von fünff schönen geistlichen Liedern</em> (40 pp.), first added in 1767, but becoming "sechs" (six) hymns in 1785.

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 [[File:Heimatklange.gif|300px|thumb|right|''Heimatklange, used by Canadian Mennonite Brethren '']]
-Since this body is wholly of Russian origin, having immigrated to the United States in 1874 ff. and, with a much larger number of immigrants, into Canada in 1922 ff., it has until recently used the German books it brought from [[Russia|Russia]], or reprinted in [[North America|North America]], or the songbooks of other related groups, chiefly of the Gospel song type. The first book used in Russia was the <em>Glaubensstimme</em>, the songbook of the German Baptists. This was reprinted in 1905 at Medford, Okla., by the M.B. Publishing House, edited by H. W. Grage, under the title <em>Zions-Glaubensstimme</em>, with 512 hymns with music. The <em>Heimatklänge</em>, by [[Gebhardt, Ernst (1832-1899)|E. Gebhardt]], published in seven editions in Russia, was republished twice in America, in a revised edition at [[Mountain Lake (Minnesota, USA)|Mountain Lake]], Minn., in 1924 (?) by A. Kroeker, and in 1939 (?) at Winnipeg. Both in Russia and in America a popular combination was the <em>Drei-Band</em> (three volumes) <em>Heimatklänge-Glaubensstimme-Frohe Botschaft</em>, all of non-M.B. origin. The [[Mennonite Brethren Publishing House|Mennonite Brethren Publishing House]] at Hillsboro, Kan., published the <em>Sänger-Bote</em> in at least five editions, <em>Zions-Klange</em> and <em>Neue Zions-Lieder</em> (1919) by J. J. Franz and D. B. Towner, and printed A. G. Sawatzky's <em>Lieder-Quelle für Kirche und Haus</em>, which appeared quarterly in 1929-30. The <em>Sängerbote</em> was a periodical publication of an M.B. Association of Singers (<em>Christlicher Sängerbund der Mennoniten Brüdergemeinde von Nord Amerika</em>) beginning in 1912. <em>Young People's sacred songs</em>, edited by H. C. Richert, also published by the M.B. Publishing House at Hillsboro (1935), is really a collection of 25 numbers of the gospel song type, partly for special groups, only 15 being of the hymn type for mixed voices.
+Since this body is wholly of Russian origin, having immigrated to the United States in 1874 ff. and, with a much larger number of immigrants, into Canada in 1922 ff., it has until recently used the German books it brought from [[Russia|Russia]], or reprinted in [[North America|North America]], or the songbooks of other related groups, chiefly of the Gospel song type. The first book used in Russia was the <em>Glaubensstimme</em>, the songbook of the German Baptists. This was reprinted in 1905 at Medford, Okla., by the M.B. Publishing House, edited by H. W. Grage, under the title <em>Zions-Glaubensstimme</em>, with 512 hymns with music. The <em>Heimatklänge</em>, by [[Gebhardt, Ernst (1832-1899)|E. Gebhardt]], published in seven editions in Russia, was republished twice in America, in a revised edition at [[Mountain Lake (Minnesota, USA)|Mountain Lake]], Minn., in 1924 (?) by A. Kroeker, and in 1939 (?) at Winnipeg. Both in Russia and in America a popular combination was the <em>Drei-Band</em> (three volumes) <em>Heimatklänge-Glaubensstimme-Frohe Botschaft</em>, all of non-M.B. origin. The [[Mennonite Brethren Publishing House|Mennonite Brethren Publishing House]] at Hillsboro, Kan., published the <em>Sänger-Bote</em> in at least five editions, <em>Zions-Klange</em> and <em>Neue Zions-Lieder</em> (1919) by J. J. Franz and D. B. Towner, and printed [[Sawatzky, Aron Gerhard (1871-1935)|A. G. Sawatzky]]'s <em>Lieder-Quelle für Kirche und Haus</em>, which appeared quarterly in 1929-30. The <em>Sängerbote</em> was a periodical publication of an M.B. Association of Singers (<em>Christlicher Sängerbund der Mennoniten Brüdergemeinde von Nord Amerika</em>) beginning in 1912. <em>Young People's sacred songs</em>, edited by H. C. Richert, also published by the M.B. Publishing House at Hillsboro (1935), is really a collection of 25 numbers of the gospel song type, partly for special groups, only 15 being of the hymn type for mixed voices.
 The first official conference hymnals of the Mennonite Brethren Church of North America, and the only ones to date, are: the <em>Mennonite Brethren Church hymnal, a treasury of hymns and gospel songs compiled, edited and published by the Mennonite Brethren Hymnal Committee . . . </em>Music Editor, Herbert C. Richert (Hillsboro, n.d., 1953), with 500 hymns; and the <em>Gesangbuch der Mennoniten Brüdergemeinde herausgegeben im Auftrage der Bundeskonferenz ausgewählt und zusammengestellt von dem Gesangbuchkomitee der Kanadischen Konferenz ...</em> (n.p., n.d., Winnipeg, 1953, with 4th edition in 1955) with 555 hymns. The English hymnal is composed largely of hymns of the gospel song type of English and American origin; only 34 German hymn tunes appear, among which are only 10 chorales. The German <em>Gesangbuch</em> has a larger proportion of hymns of the German chorale type, but the number is still relatively small compared to the number of songs taken from <em>Glaubensstimme, Reichslieder, Heimatklänge, Ausgewählte Lieder</em>, and <em>Evangeliumslieder</em>, from which many selections were made. The Evangelical Mennonite Church (Kleine Gemeinde) formally adopted the M.B. hymnal in 1955 for regular use in all its services.

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 Bender, Harold S. <em>Two Centuries of American Mennonite Literature</em>. Goshen, IN: Mennonite Historical Society, 1929.
-Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II, 86-91.
+Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe: Schneider, 1913-1967: v. II, 86-91.
 Hohmann, W. H. <em>Outlines in Hymnology with Emphasis on Mennonite Hymnology</em>. Newton, KS 1941.
 Wohlgemuth, Paul W. "Mennonite Hymnals Published in the English Language." Unpublished doctoral dissertation in Musicology, Univ. of So. Cal., 1956, dealing primarily with the tunes.
 = Additional Information =
   CMBC Singers singing "So lang mein Jesus" from <em>Exultation</em> (CMBC Singers 1986) (from the <em>Gesangbuch der Mennoniten </em>(used by permission)). (1.5 minutes) <player title="So lang mein Jesus">SoLang.mp3</player>
 {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 2, pp. 879-886|date=1956|a1_last=Bender|a1_first=Harold S|a2_last= |a2_first= }}

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 The American editions of the <em>Ausbund</em> all carry significant additional materials beyond the European editions as follows: a total of 140 hymns rather than 137, an index of hymns by first lines, an index of hymns which can be sung to the same tune, the <em>Confessio, Oder Bekantnuss</em> of [[Imbroich, Thomas von (1533-1558)|Thomas von Imbroich]] (19 pp.), <em>Ein warhafftiger Bericht, von den Brüdern im Schweitzerland in dem Zürcher Gebiet, wegen der Trübsalen welche über sie ergangen seyn um des Evangeliums willen</em> (38 pp.), and an appendix called <em>Anhang von fünff schönen geistlichen Liedern</em> (40 pp.), first added in 1767, but becoming "sechs" (six) hymns in 1785.
-Even before the Revolutionary War, the Mennonite congregations began to use other hymnbooks, particularly one of the Reformed Church, which was called <em>Ambrosii Lobwasser's Neu-Vermehrtes Gesangbuch</em> and was popular among the Mennonites in Switzerland in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The first American edition was published at Germantown in 1753, a second edition in 1763. A number of clean, unused copies of the 1763 edition of this Reformed hymnbook were found by the author in the attic of the [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale Mennonite Church]] in [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]], in 1925, mute evidence of their early use there. That various non-Mennonite hymnbooks, in particular the Reformed, as well as the old <em>Ausbund</em>, were used in [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] as late as the turn of the 19th century is indicated by a letter written in 1821 by Deacon Martin Mellinger to relatives in [[Germany|Germany]] (<em>MQR</em> 1931, 57 ff.), which tells about the conditions leading to the preparation and publication of an official Lancaster Mennonite hymnbook in 1803-4. Mellinger says: "And now I want to tell you how it went when the first book was to be printed. Since we had all sorts of hymnbooks, the old Swiss songbooks [<em>Ausbund</em>] and Reformed hymnbooks [Lobwasser], and not enough of what we had, our brethren decided to have a hymnbook printed for ourselves. Brethren and choristers were to select beautiful and fitting hymns, after which they were to be collected and given over to three, four, or five men. These men were to select enough of the hymns which had been collected so that the hymnbook would not be too large. After a time two Skippack brethren [[Franconia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Franconia Conference]] came together with two of our leading bishops in my house to examine the hymns which had been collected. The Skippack brethren, since they have a large and strong church as well as a large district and are well trained in singing, had collected enough hymns for a complete hymnbook and had taken 3,000 subscriptions in advance. We also had many hymns from [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]], from Jacob's Creek [[[Westmoreland County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania]], and from our vicinity, which were to go into the book. So it was feared that the book would become too large. In addition our brethren wanted to include a number of psalms and notes. In short, the difference was so great that the Skippack brethren said that their hymns had been handed in by so many brethren and dared not be omitted, and so many had already subscribed, and there was a lengthy discussion. The second day the Skippack brethren said that they were only delegates, and they saw no other way than to have their book [<em>Die Kleine Geistliche Harfe</em>, 1803] printed in Germantown where they had a good printer and bookbinder, which was so handy for them that they could look after everything, and we could print ours [<em>[[Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch, Ein|Ein Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch]]</em>, 1804] in Lancaster. And so the outcome was that they had as many printed as we. But that made no difference to us or them, for we love one another, and we visit them and they visit us every year. And still it is a pity that it had to be so. For many years many families have been moving to Virginia, Jacob's Creek, and [[Canada|Canada]], and each has his hymnbook and then they have different hymnbooks when they come together. Although you will doubtless know most of the hymns in the books, you will probably find many beautiful and valuable hymns especially in the last appendix, which are unfamiliar to you and have never yet appeared in print" (<em>MQR</em> 5, 1931, 56 f.). Actually, 56 per cent of the Lancaster hymns appear in the Franconia hymnal, while 48 per cent of the hymns of the larger Franconia hymnal appear in the Lancaster hymnal.
+Even before the Revolutionary War, the Mennonite congregations began to use other hymnbooks, particularly one of the Reformed Church, which was called <em>Ambrosii Lobwasser's Neu-Vermehrtes Gesangbuch</em> and was popular among the Mennonites in Switzerland in the 18th and early 19th centuries. The first American edition was published at Germantown in 1753, a second edition in 1763. A number of clean, unused copies of the 1763 edition of this Reformed hymnbook were found by the author in the attic of the [[Groffdale Mennonite Church (Leola, Pennsylvania, USA)|Groffdale Mennonite Church]] in [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]], in 1925, mute evidence of their early use there. That various non-Mennonite hymnbooks, in particular the Reformed, as well as the old <em>Ausbund</em>, were used in [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] as late as the turn of the 19th century is indicated by a letter written in 1821 by Deacon Martin Mellinger to relatives in [[Germany|Germany]] (<em>MQR</em> 1931, 57 ff.), which tells about the conditions leading to the preparation and publication of an official Lancaster Mennonite hymnbook in 1803-4. Mellinger says: "And now I want to tell you how it went when the first book was to be printed. Since we had all sorts of hymnbooks, the old Swiss songbooks [<em>Ausbund</em>] and Reformed hymnbooks [Lobwasser], and not enough of what we had, our brethren decided to have a hymnbook printed for ourselves. Brethren and choristers were to select beautiful and fitting hymns, after which they were to be collected and given over to three, four, or five men. These men were to select enough of the hymns which had been collected so that the hymnbook would not be too large. After a time two Skippack brethren [[Franconia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Franconia Conference]] came together with two of our leading bishops in my house to examine the hymns which had been collected. The Skippack brethren, since they have a large and strong church as well as a large district and are well trained in singing, had collected enough hymns for a complete hymnbook and had taken 3,000 subscriptions in advance. We also had many hymns from [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]], from Jacob's Creek [[Westmoreland County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania]], and from our vicinity, which were to go into the book. So it was feared that the book would become too large. In addition our brethren wanted to include a number of psalms and notes. In short, the difference was so great that the Skippack brethren said that their hymns had been handed in by so many brethren and dared not be omitted, and so many had already subscribed, and there was a lengthy discussion. The second day the Skippack brethren said that they were only delegates, and they saw no other way than to have their book [<em>Die Kleine Geistliche Harfe</em>, 1803] printed in Germantown where they had a good printer and bookbinder, which was so handy for them that they could look after everything, and we could print ours [<em>[[Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch, Ein|Ein Unpartheyisches Gesangbuch]]</em>, 1804] in Lancaster. And so the outcome was that they had as many printed as we. But that made no difference to us or them, for we love one another, and we visit them and they visit us every year. And still it is a pity that it had to be so. For many years many families have been moving to Virginia, Jacob's Creek, and [[Canada|Canada]], and each has his hymnbook and then they have different hymnbooks when they come together. Although you will doubtless know most of the hymns in the books, you will probably find many beautiful and valuable hymns especially in the last appendix, which are unfamiliar to you and have never yet appeared in print" (<em>MQR</em> 5, 1931, 56 f.). Actually, 56 per cent of the Lancaster hymns appear in the Franconia hymnal, while 48 per cent of the hymns of the larger Franconia hymnal appear in the Lancaster hymnal.
 The first original Mennonite hymnbook edited and published in America was the Franconia Conference hymnal, <em>Die Kleine Geistliche Harfe der Kinder Zions</em> (Germantown 1803, 472 pp., further editions as follows: Germantown 1811 and 1820, [[Northampton County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Northampton]] 1834, Doylestown 1838, Lancaster 1870, Elkhart 1904). It had 40 select Psalms in a first section, followed by 474 hymns (475 from the second edition on) in a second section under a new title, <em>Sammlung alter und neuer Geistreicher </em>Gesange. An appendix of 20 hymns, added in the second edition, grew to 34 hymns by 1870. It had no imitators or condensations as did the Lancaster hymnal. However, when the <em>Church hymnal, Mennonite</em>, was published in 1927 a special edition was furnished with a German appendix of 135 hymns (56 pp.) chosen from the <em>Harfe</em> by Bishop Abram G. Clemmer of the Franconia Conference. As late as 1952 1,000 copies of this German appendix were printed and bound in with the <em>Hymnal</em> for Franconia use.