Clocks - Revision history

SamSteiner: corrected link

2016-10-28T14:47:23Z

corrected link

RichardThiessen: /* Bibliography */ Added Harms entry.

2013-10-29T01:45:36Z

Bibliography: Added Harms entry.

RichardThiessen at 01:39, 29 October 2013

2013-10-29T01:39:13Z

RichardThiessen at 01:32, 29 October 2013

2013-10-29T01:32:27Z

RichardThiessen: /* Bibliography */

2013-10-29T01:29:41Z

Bibliography

RichardThiessen: /* Bibliography */ Revised entry.

2013-10-29T01:29:27Z

Bibliography: Revised entry.

RichardThiessen at 01:27, 29 October 2013

2013-10-29T01:27:52Z

RichardThiessen at 05:12, 5 October 2013

2013-10-05T05:12:33Z

GameoAdmin: CSV import - 20130823

2013-08-23T13:58:14Z

CSV import - 20130823

GameoAdmin: CSV import - 20130820

2013-08-20T19:41:48Z

CSV import - 20130820

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 Swiss-German Mennonites brought their renowned clockmaking skills to colonial [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], where they made works for tall case clocks in the English style. Ira Landis and Stacy B. C. Wood have tentatively identified many Mennonite (but no [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]]) clockmakers.
-Among those working in eastern Pennsylvania, the most important are Jacob Godschalk (ca. 1735-1781) and brothers Benjamin (1740-?) and David (1732-1796) Rittenhouse. Apparently the Rittenhouse brothers, from [[Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, USA)|Philadelphia]], were not Mennonites themselves, but were the great-grandsons of [[Rittenhouse, William (1644-1708)|William Rittenhouse]], the first Mennonite preacher in Pennsylvania. From ca. 1755-1765 Godschalk made clocks in [[Towamencin Mennonite Church (Towamencin Township, Pennsylvania)|Towamencin]] Township, [[Montgomery County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Montgomery County]], after which he moved his shop to Philadelphia, where he, along with David Rittenhouse and others, was given responsibility for taking care of the clock in the Pennsylvania statehouse (Independence Hall). Godschalk apparently left the Mennonite church, becoming a lieutenant in the Revolutionary War. His stepson Griffith Owen (1773-1780) learned clock-making from Godschalk and became an important clockmaker in his own right. Three generations of Hege clockmakers also worked in eastern [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], including Jacob Hege (active 1790-1820), who made over 100 clocks in Lower Salford Township, Montgomery County, and Samuel Hege (active 1820s to 1840s), who worked in Franconia and [[Germantown Mennonite Settlement (Pennsylvania, USA)|Germantown]]. Hendrich Heilig (?-1775) emigrated in 1720 from Hannover, [[Germany|Germany]] to Hanover Township, Montgomery County He was an uncle by marriage to David and Benjamin Rittenhouse.
+Among those working in eastern Pennsylvania, the most important are Jacob Godschalk (ca. 1735-1781) and brothers Benjamin (1740-?) and David (1732-1796) Rittenhouse. Apparently the Rittenhouse brothers, from [[Philadelphia (Pennsylvania, USA)|Philadelphia]], were not Mennonites themselves, but were the great-grandsons of [[Rittenhouse, William (1644-1708)|William Rittenhouse]], the first Mennonite preacher in Pennsylvania. From ca. 1755-1765 Godschalk made clocks in Towamencin Township, [[Montgomery County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Montgomery County]], after which he moved his shop to Philadelphia, where he, along with David Rittenhouse and others, was given responsibility for taking care of the clock in the Pennsylvania statehouse (Independence Hall). Godschalk apparently left the Mennonite church, becoming a lieutenant in the Revolutionary War. His stepson Griffith Owen (1773-1780) learned clock-making from Godschalk and became an important clockmaker in his own right. Three generations of Hege clockmakers also worked in eastern [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], including Jacob Hege (active 1790-1820), who made over 100 clocks in Lower Salford Township, Montgomery County, and Samuel Hege (active 1820s to 1840s), who worked in Franconia and [[Germantown Mennonite Settlement (Pennsylvania, USA)|Germantown]]. Hendrich Heilig (?-1775) emigrated in 1720 from Hannover, [[Germany|Germany]] to Hanover Township, Montgomery County He was an uncle by marriage to David and Benjamin Rittenhouse.
 Even more Mennonite clockmakers worked in [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]] Anthony W. Baldwin (1783-1867) of Lampeter learned clockmaking from his father-in-law Joseph Bowman, Sr. (?-1811), of [[New Holland (Pennsylvania, USA)|New Holland]] and, in turn, taught clockmaking to John's son Joseph Bowman, Jr. (1799-1892), who was active in Strasburg until ca. 1850. John Erb (1814-ca. 1860) was an apprentice of Joseph Bowman, Jr., and worked in Conestoga Center. Christian Forrer (ca. 1737-1783) and Daniel Forrer (?-1780) were born in Switzerland and settled in Lampeter, where they made clocks for about 20 years, after which Christian moved to York County and Daniel (perhaps) to [[Virginia (USA)|Virginia]]. Christian Huber (?-1789) worked in Reamstown; Isaac Hunchberger (1804-?) in West Earl; Jacob Hunsecker (1809?) in East Donegal Township; Elias Leinbach (active 1801-16) in [[Bowmansville Mennonite Church (East Earl, Pennsylvania, USA)|Bowmansville]]; and John Leinbach (active 1792-1798) in Reamstown. Samuel C. Stauffer (1757-1825) of [[Manheim (Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, USA)|Manheim]] is known for clocks that strike on the quarter-hour. Isaac Witwer worked in New Holland, ca. 1850-1855.

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 = Bibliography =
 Gibbs, James W. "Religious Sect Clockmakers Part 1" <em>National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors Bulletin</em> 167 (December 1973): 44-47, and "Part 2" in vol. 168 (February 1974): 168-74.
 Hruby, F.  <em>Die Widertaufer in Mahren, Leipzig</em>, 1935, 24 and 32/33.

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 [[File:Kroeger%20Clock.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Kroeger Clock<br />
 Source: Mennonite Heritage Centre, Winnipeg MB photo'']]
-The "Russian" or "Mennonite" clocks (<em>Wanduhren</em>) can still be found in some Mennonite homes in [[Canada|Canada]], [[Mexico|Mexico]], [[South America|South America]], and in some of the prairie states. The Prussian Mennonites living along the Vistula River probably brought this clock with them from the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]]. Some of the clocks now found in Mennonite homes date back to the time when the Mennonites lived in [[Prussia|Prussia]] prior to 1800. The most distinctive tradition in Mennonite clocks is found in the Kroeger wall clocks treasured by the Russian Mennonites in Europe and the Americas.
+The "Russian" or "Mennonite" clocks (<em>Wanduhren</em> or ''Werder Uhren'') can still be found in some Mennonite homes in [[Canada|Canada]], [[Mexico|Mexico]], [[South America|South America]], and in some of the prairie states. The Prussian Mennonites living along the Vistula River probably brought this clock with them from the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]]. Some of the clocks now found in Mennonite homes date back to the time when the Mennonites lived in [[Prussia|Prussia]] prior to 1800. The most distinctive tradition in Mennonite clocks is found in the Kroeger wall clocks treasured by the Russian Mennonites in Europe and the Americas.
 Kroeger clocks were first made in Rosental near [[Chortitza Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Chortitza]] by Johann Kroeger (1754-1823), who arrived there from [[West Prussia|West Prussia]] in 1804. Kroeger's clockmaking descendants included Abraham (1791-1872); David (1829-1909); Peter (1832-1908); David D. (1860-1920), under whom production reached its peak; and Johann D. (1863-?), the last clockmaker, who moved the business to Dnjeprstrasse. The making of Kroeger clocks has been continued in the Americas by, among others, [[Ens, Cornelius A. (1884-1960) |Cornelius Ens]] (1884-1960) of Edenberg, Saskatchewan, and John W. Peters (active 1980) in Mexico.

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 Another early manufacturer of these "Mennonite" clocks at the middle of the past century was Peter Lepp of [[Chortitza Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Chortitza]]. At the beginning of the 20th century the most prominent manufacturers of these clocks were David Kroeger in the village of Rosenthal in the Chortitza settlement and Gerhard Mandtler of [[Lindenau (Molotschna Mennonite Settlement, Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Lindenau]] in the [[Molotschna Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Molotschna settlement]], each of whom had a factory evaluated at about $5,000. The manufacturer C. Hildebrandt worked for years on a very complicated clock which included the days of the month and the planetary movements.
-These clocks could be found in nearly every Mennonite home in [[Russia|Russia]] and after 1874 also in the prairie states and provinces in America in the <em>grosse Stube</em> (parlor) hanging on the wall next to the door leading into the <em>Eckstube</em>. The mechanism was usually simple, operated by one heavy and one light weight. A clock that struck the hour had two heavy and two light weights. The brass parts, weights, pendulum, and hands, were always kept shining. The face of the clock, made of tin or wood, was twelve inches square and usually bore a flower motif and the year of its construction. Most of the surviving clocks brought to Canada and the [[United States of America|United States]] in the 1870's were still in running condition in the 1950s. For a time during the adjustment of the Mennonites to their American environment there was little appreciation for these heirlooms; today they are scarce and sought after by Mennonites of Canada, [[United States of America|United States]], [[Mexico|Mexico]], and [[South America|South America]].
+These clocks could be found in nearly every Mennonite home in [[Russia|Russia]] and after 1874 also in the prairie states and provinces in America in the <em>grosse Stube</em> (parlor) hanging on the wall next to the door leading into the <em>Eckstube</em>. The mechanism was usually simple, operated by one heavy and one light weight. A clock that struck the hour had two heavy and two light weights. The brass parts, weights, pendulum, and hands, were always kept shining. The face of the clock, made of tin or wood, was twelve inches square and usually bore a flower motif and the year of its construction. Most of the surviving clocks brought to Canada and the [[United States of America|United States]] in the 1870s were still in running condition in the 1950s. For a time during the adjustment of the Mennonites to their American environment there was little appreciation for these heirlooms; today they are scarce and sought after by Mennonites of Canada, [[United States of America|United States]], [[Mexico|Mexico]], and [[South America|South America]].
 Swiss-German Mennonites brought their renowned clockmaking skills to colonial [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], where they made works for tall case clocks in the English style. Ira Landis and Stacy B. C. Wood have tentatively identified many Mennonite (but no [[Amish Mennonites|Amish]]) clockmakers.

@@ Line 29: / Line 29: @@
 Hruby, F.  <em>Die Widertaufer in Mahren, Leipzig</em>, 1935, 24 and 32/33.
-Kroeger, Arthur. Kroeger Clocks. Steinbach, MB: Mennonite Heritage Village, 2012.
+Kroeger, Arthur. ''Kroeger Clocks''. Steinbach, MB: Mennonite Heritage Village, 2012.
 Wood, Stacy B. C. and Stephen E. Kramer. <em>Clockmakers of Lancaster County and Their Clocks 1750-1850.</em> New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1977.
 {{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 1, p. 629; v. 5, p. 166|date=1989|a1_last=Krahn|a1_first=Cornelius|a2_last=Beck|a2_first=Ervin}}

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 A famous Dutch Mennonite clockmaker was [[Heylbronn, Hendrik van (1697-1782)|Hendrik van Heylbronn]] at [[Almelo (Overijssel, Netherlands)|Almelo]].
-[[File:Kroeger%20Clock.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Kroeger Clock- MHC photo'']]     The "Russian" or "Mennonite" clocks (<em>Wanduhren</em>) can still be found in some Mennonite homes in [[Canada|Canada]], [[Mexico|Mexico]], [[South America|South America]], and in some of the prairie states. The Prussian Mennonites living along the Vistula River probably brought this clock with them from the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]]. Some of the clocks now found in Mennonite homes date back to the time when the Mennonites lived in [[Prussia|Prussia]] prior to 1800. The most distinctive tradition in Mennonite clocks is found in the Kroeger wall clocks treasured by the Russian Mennonites in Europe and the Americas.
+[[File:Kroeger%20Clock.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Kroeger Clock<br />
 Kroeger clocks were first made in Rosental near [[Chortitza Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Chortitza]] by Johann Kroeger (1754-1823), who arrived there from [[West Prussia|West Prussia]] in 1804. Kroeger's clockmaking descendants included Abraham (1791-1872); David (1829-1909); Peter (1832-1908); David D. (1860-1920), under whom production reached its peak; and Johann D. (1863-?), the last clockmaker, who moved the business to Dnjeprstrasse. The making of Kroeger clocks has been continued in the Americas by, among others, [[Ens, Cornelius A. (1884-1960) |Cornelius Ens]] (1884-1960) of Edenberg, Saskatchewan, and John W. Peters (active 1980) in Mexico.