Bruges (West-Vlaanderen, Belgium) - Revision history

SamSteiner: /* Bibliography */

2017-06-08T14:46:11Z

Bibliography

RichardThiessen: Text replace - "Mennonitisches Lexikon" to "''Mennonitisches Lexikon''"

2017-01-16T07:27:01Z

Text replace - "Mennonitisches Lexikon" to "''Mennonitisches Lexikon''"

RichardThiessen: Text replace - "." to "."

2014-04-13T20:37:28Z

Text replace - "." to "."

RichardThiessen: Text replace - " " to " "

2014-04-12T02:57:25Z

Text replace - " " to " "

GameoAdmin: CSV import - 20130823

2013-08-23T13:56:13Z

CSV import - 20130823

GameoAdmin: CSV import - 20130820

2013-08-20T19:30:48Z

CSV import - 20130820

GameoAdmin: CSV import - 20130816

2013-08-16T18:45:51Z

CSV import - 20130816

New page

[[File:Bruges.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia Commons] Wikipedia Commons

'']] Bruges (Brugge), capital of West Flanders, [[Belgium|Belgium]] (1950 pop. 54,000; 2006 pop. 117,000). There were [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] here probably as early as 1530, who fled to this place after the passing of the [[Diet of Speyer (1529)|Edict of Speyer]] in 1529. At any rate there was a very active congregation here in 1534, which was untouched by the fanaticism of [[Münster Anabaptists|Münster]]. During the 16th century there was a large congregation in this city. The notorious heretic hunter, [[Cornelis Adriaensz (16th century)|Brother Cornelis Adriaensz]], speaks of no less than 700 Anabaptists living there. [[Leenaert Bouwens (1515-1582)|Leenaert Bouwens]] was, however, not active here. A very large number of martyrs came from this city. [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|Van Braght]] names at least 24. The actual figure was 47, two of whom died in prison, two were buried alive, and 43 died at the stake. For 11 who gave their lives on 10 December 1561 a hymn was written, beginning "Genade ende vrede moet god vreezende zijn" (Wackernagel, Lieder).

Seven martyrs were executed in 1538; one in 1552, seven in 1558, twelve in 1561, eleven in 1568, two in 1569, five in 1570, and two in 1573. The fact that on one occasion 12 and on another 11 were burned at one time suggests that the church was a large one; for otherwise it would not have been possible to capture so many at once. Special mention should be made of [[Jacob de Swarte (d. 1558)|Jacob de Swarte]] (executed at Bruges 15 August 1558), because his entire family was arrested in 1563 in [[Lille (Nord-Pas de Calais, France)|Lille]], where his father Jan was deacon; he died at the stake with his wife and four sons. The most important of the martyrs of Bruges were the two preachers and elders, [[Jacob de Rore (ca. 1532-1569)|Jacob de Rore]] or Keersgieter (chandler) and [[Herman van Vlekwijk (d. 1569)|Herman van Vlekwijk]], who were burned to death on 18 July 1569. Their cross-examination by Cornelis Adriaensz, and their letters, are given at length in the[[Martyrs' Mirror| Martyrs' Mirror]].

Nothing further is known concerning the Bruges congregation. With the death of the last martyrs, Mattheus Kuese and [[Adriaen de Hoedemaker (d. 1573)|Adriaen van der Zwalme]] (7 August 1573), it was apparently extinct, though in 1636 there were still some Mennonites in or near Bruges. In this year Pieter Hoop and Maerten Languut, Mennonites from the Dutch province of [[Zeeland (Netherlands)|Zeeland]] visiting the brethren in Bruges, were put in prison here for more than half a year. About the same time other Mennonites living here, as Cornelis Dyserinck, left the city and moved to the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]]. After that time there were no Mennonites here.

= Bibliography =
Doopsgezinde Bijdragen (1876): 84; (1877): 7.

Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. Mennonitisches Lexikon, 4 vols. Frankfurt & Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 285.

Janssen, Hendrik Q. De Kerkhervorming in Brugge. Arnhem, 1868.

Verheyden, A. L. E. Het Brugsche Martyrologium (12 October 1527-7 Augustus 1573). Brussels, [1944].

Wackernagel, Philipp. Lieder der niederlandischen Reformierten aus der Zeit der Verfolgung im 16. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt: Hender & Zimmer, 1867. Reprinted Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1965: 130.

= Maps =
[[Map:Bruges (West-Vlaanderen, Belgium)|Map:Bruges (West-Vlaanderen, Belgium)]]
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 1, pp. 449-450|date=1953|a1_last=Vos|a1_first=Karel|a2_last=van der Zijpp|a2_first=Nanne}}

@@ Line 11: / Line 11: @@
 Janssen, Hendrik Q. <em>De Kerkhervorming in Brugge</em>. Arnhem, 1868.
-Verheyden, A. L. E. <em>Het Brugsche Martyrologium (12 October 1527-7 Augustus 1573).</em> Brussels, [1944].
+Verheyden, A. L. E. <em>Het Brugsche Martyrologium (12 October 1527-7 Augustus 1573).</em> Brussels, [1944]. Available in full electronic text at: http://www.theologienet.nl/documenten/Verheyden%20Brugse%20Martyrologium.pdf.
 Wackernagel, Philipp. <em>Lieder der niederlandischen Reformierten aus der Zeit der Verfolgung im 16. Jahrhundert</em>. Frankfurt: Hender &amp; Zimmer, 1867. Reprinted Nieuwkoop: B. de Graaf, 1965: 130.

@@ Line 7: / Line 7: @@
 <em>Doopsgezinde Bijdragen</em> (1876): 84; (1877): 7.
-Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 285.
+Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. ''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 285.
 Janssen, Hendrik Q. <em>De Kerkhervorming in Brugge</em>. Arnhem, 1868.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Bruges.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia Commons]'']]     Bruges <em>(Brugge), </em>capital of West Flanders, [[Belgium|Belgium]] (1950 pop. 54,000; 2006 pop. 117,000). There were [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] here probably as early as 1530, who fled to this place after the passing of the [[Diet of Speyer (1529)|Edict of Speyer]] in 1529. At any rate there was a very active congregation here in 1534, which was untouched by the fanaticism of [[Münster Anabaptists|Münster]]. During the 16th century there was a large congregation in this city. The notorious heretic hunter, [[Cornelis Adriaensz (16th century)|Brother Cornelis Adriaensz]], speaks of no less than 700 Anabaptists living there. [[Leenaert Bouwens (1515-1582)|Leenaert Bouwens]] was, however, not active here. A very large number of martyrs came from this city. [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|Van Braght]] names at least 24. The actual figure was 47, two of whom died in prison, two were buried alive, and 43 died at the stake. For 11 who gave their lives on 10 December 1561 a hymn was written, beginning "Genade ende vrede moet god vreezende zijn" (Wackernagel, <em>Lieder</em>).
-Seven martyrs were executed in 1538; one in 1552, seven in 1558, twelve in 1561, eleven in 1568, two in 1569, five in 1570, and two in 1573. The fact that on one occasion 12 and on another 11 were burned at one time suggests that the church was a large one; for otherwise it would not have been possible to capture so many at once. Special mention should be made of [[Jacob de Swarte (d. 1558)|Jacob de Swarte]] (executed at Bruges 15 August 1558), because his entire family was arrested in 1563 in [[Lille (Nord-Pas de Calais, France)|Lille]], where his father Jan was deacon; he died at the stake with his wife and four sons. The most important of the martyrs of Bruges were the two preachers and elders, [[Jacob de Rore (ca. 1532-1569)|Jacob de Rore]] or Keersgieter (chandler) and [[Herman van Vlekwijk (d. 1569)|Herman van Vlekwijk]], who were burned to death on 18 July 1569. Their cross-examination by Cornelis Adriaensz, and their letters, are given at length in the[[Martyrs' Mirror|<em> Martyrs' Mirror</em>]]<em>.</em>
+Seven martyrs were executed in 1538; one in 1552, seven in 1558, twelve in 1561, eleven in 1568, two in 1569, five in 1570, and two in 1573. The fact that on one occasion 12 and on another 11 were burned at one time suggests that the church was a large one; for otherwise it would not have been possible to capture so many at once. Special mention should be made of [[Jacob de Swarte (d. 1558)|Jacob de Swarte]] (executed at Bruges 15 August 1558), because his entire family was arrested in 1563 in [[Lille (Nord-Pas de Calais, France)|Lille]], where his father Jan was deacon; he died at the stake with his wife and four sons. The most important of the martyrs of Bruges were the two preachers and elders, [[Jacob de Rore (ca. 1532-1569)|Jacob de Rore]] or Keersgieter (chandler) and [[Herman van Vlekwijk (d. 1569)|Herman van Vlekwijk]], who were burned to death on 18 July 1569. Their cross-examination by Cornelis Adriaensz, and their letters, are given at length in the[[Martyrs' Mirror|<em> Martyrs' Mirror</em>]].
 Nothing further is known concerning the Bruges congregation. With the death of the last martyrs, Mattheus Kuese and [[Adriaen de Hoedemaker (d. 1573)|Adriaen van der Zwalme]] (7 August 1573), it was apparently extinct, though in 1636 there were still some Mennonites in or near Bruges. In this year Pieter Hoop and Maerten Languut, Mennonites from the Dutch province of [[Zeeland (Netherlands)|Zeeland]] visiting the brethren in Bruges, were put in prison here for more than half a year. About the same time other Mennonites living here, as Cornelis Dyserinck, left the city and moved to the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]]. After that time there were no Mennonites here.
@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 285.
-Janssen, Hendrik Q. <em>De Kerkhervorming in Brugge</em><em>.</em> Arnhem, 1868.
+Janssen, Hendrik Q. <em>De Kerkhervorming in Brugge</em>. Arnhem, 1868.
 Verheyden, A. L. E. <em>Het Brugsche Martyrologium (12 October 1527-7 Augustus 1573).</em> Brussels, [1944].

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 Nothing further is known concerning the Bruges congregation. With the death of the last martyrs, Mattheus Kuese and [[Adriaen de Hoedemaker (d. 1573)|Adriaen van der Zwalme]] (7 August 1573), it was apparently extinct, though in 1636 there were still some Mennonites in or near Bruges. In this year Pieter Hoop and Maerten Languut, Mennonites from the Dutch province of [[Zeeland (Netherlands)|Zeeland]] visiting the brethren in Bruges, were put in prison here for more than half a year. About the same time other Mennonites living here, as Cornelis Dyserinck, left the city and moved to the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]]. After that time there were no Mennonites here.
 = Bibliography =
-<em>Doopsgezinde Bijdragen</em><em> </em>(1876): 84; (1877): 7.
+<em>Doopsgezinde Bijdragen</em> (1876): 84; (1877): 7.
-Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967:<em> </em>v. I, 285.
+Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. <em>Mennonitisches Lexikon</em>, 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. I, 285.
 Janssen, Hendrik Q. <em>De Kerkhervorming in Brugge</em><em>.</em> Arnhem, 1868.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[File:Bruges.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia Commons] Wikipedia Commons
+[[File:Bruges.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikipedia Commons]'']]     Bruges <em>(Brugge), </em>capital of West Flanders, [[Belgium|Belgium]] (1950 pop. 54,000; 2006 pop. 117,000). There were [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] here probably as early as 1530, who fled to this place after the passing of the [[Diet of Speyer (1529)|Edict of Speyer]] in 1529. At any rate there was a very active congregation here in 1534, which was untouched by the fanaticism of [[Münster Anabaptists|Münster]]. During the 16th century there was a large congregation in this city. The notorious heretic hunter, [[Cornelis Adriaensz (16th century)|Brother Cornelis Adriaensz]], speaks of no less than 700 Anabaptists living there. [[Leenaert Bouwens (1515-1582)|Leenaert Bouwens]] was, however, not active here. A very large number of martyrs came from this city. [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|Van Braght]] names at least 24. The actual figure was 47, two of whom died in prison, two were buried alive, and 43 died at the stake. For 11 who gave their lives on 10 December 1561 a hymn was written, beginning "Genade ende vrede moet god vreezende zijn" (Wackernagel, <em>Lieder</em>).
-'']]     Bruges <em>(Brugge), </em>capital of West Flanders, [[Belgium|Belgium]] (1950 pop. 54,000; 2006 pop. 117,000). There were [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]] here probably as early as 1530, who fled to this place after the passing of the [[Diet of Speyer (1529)|Edict of Speyer]] in 1529. At any rate there was a very active congregation here in 1534, which was untouched by the fanaticism of [[Münster Anabaptists|Münster]]. During the 16th century there was a large congregation in this city. The notorious heretic hunter, [[Cornelis Adriaensz (16th century)|Brother Cornelis Adriaensz]], speaks of no less than 700 Anabaptists living there. [[Leenaert Bouwens (1515-1582)|Leenaert Bouwens]] was, however, not active here. A very large number of martyrs came from this city. [[Braght, Tieleman Jansz van (1625-1664)|Van Braght]] names at least 24. The actual figure was 47, two of whom died in prison, two were buried alive, and 43 died at the stake. For 11 who gave their lives on 10 December 1561 a hymn was written, beginning "Genade ende vrede moet god vreezende zijn" (Wackernagel, <em>Lieder</em>).
+Seven martyrs were executed in 1538; one in 1552, seven in 1558, twelve in 1561, eleven in 1568, two in 1569, five in 1570, and two in 1573. The fact that on one occasion 12 and on another 11 were burned at one time suggests that the church was a large one; for otherwise it would not have been possible to capture so many at once. Special mention should be made of [[Jacob de Swarte (d. 1558)|Jacob de Swarte]] (executed at Bruges 15 August 1558), because his entire family was arrested in 1563 in [[Lille (Nord-Pas de Calais, France)|Lille]], where his father Jan was deacon; he died at the stake with his wife and four sons. The most important of the martyrs of Bruges were the two preachers and elders, [[Jacob de Rore (ca. 1532-1569)|Jacob de Rore]] or Keersgieter (chandler) and [[Herman van Vlekwijk (d. 1569)|Herman van Vlekwijk]], who were burned to death on 18 July 1569. Their cross-examination by Cornelis Adriaensz, and their letters, are given at length in the[[Martyrs' Mirror|<em> Martyrs' Mirror</em>]]<em>.</em>
 Nothing further is known concerning the Bruges congregation. With the death of the last martyrs, Mattheus Kuese and [[Adriaen de Hoedemaker (d. 1573)|Adriaen van der Zwalme]] (7 August 1573), it was apparently extinct, though in 1636 there were still some Mennonites in or near Bruges. In this year Pieter Hoop and Maerten Languut, Mennonites from the Dutch province of [[Zeeland (Netherlands)|Zeeland]] visiting the brethren in Bruges, were put in prison here for more than half a year. About the same time other Mennonites living here, as Cornelis Dyserinck, left the city and moved to the [[Netherlands|Netherlands]]. After that time there were no Mennonites here.