Bolivia - Revision history

AlfRedekopp at 21:41, 30 June 2023

2023-06-30T21:41:44Z

AlfRedekopp at 21:28, 30 June 2023

2023-06-30T21:28:00Z

SamSteiner: /* Bibliography */ updated bibliography

2021-03-29T13:42:29Z

Bibliography: updated bibliography

SamSteiner: /* Bibliography */

2020-05-11T14:01:38Z

Bibliography

SamSteiner: added to bibliography

2020-05-11T14:01:07Z

added to bibliography

SamSteiner: /* 2020 Update */

2020-05-11T13:37:00Z

2020 Update

SamSteiner: /* 2013 Update */ updated table

2020-05-11T13:35:29Z

2013 Update: updated table

SamSteiner: /* 2013 Update */

2020-04-20T15:29:01Z

2013 Update

RichardThiessen: Resized image.

2014-05-20T06:12:59Z

Resized image.

RichardThiessen: /* 2013 Update */ Aligned cells.

2014-05-11T15:40:26Z

2013 Update: Aligned cells.

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 (1) Descendants of the immigrants to [[Manitoba (Canada)|Manitoba]] from the [[Bergthal Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Bergthal Colony]] in [[Russia|Russia]] ([[Sommerfeld Mennonites|Sommerfeld Mennonites]], the Chortitzer Mennonite Conference-related Grünthal Mennonites—see [[Reinlander Mennoniten Gemeinde (Manitoba)|Reinlander Mennoniten Gemeinden]], and [[Bergthal Mennonites|Saskatchewan Bergthal Mennonites]]) have migrated to Bolivia and form seven colonies (all statistics as of 1986): Canadiense (founded 1956, from Paraguay, 807 inhabitants and 329 church members belonging to the Grünthal Mennonites) and its branch colony Morgenland (founded 1975, 280 inhabitants and 104 members, Grünthal Mennonites); Bergthal (founded 1963, from [[Paraguay|Paraguay]] and [[Canada|Canada]], 306 inhabitants and 127 members); [[Reinland Colony (Bolivia)|Reinland]] (also called Las Pavas, founded 1963, from Paraguay and Canada, disbanded 1987) and its branch colony [[Rosenort Colony (Bolivia)|Rosenort]] (founded 1975, ca. 350 inhabitants and 140 members, including some recently arrived from Reinland); Sommerfeld (founded 1968, from [[Mexico|Mexico]], 419 inhabitants and 132 members); [[Nueva Holanda Colony (Bolivia)|Nueva Holanda]] (founded 1983, from Reinland colony, 394 inhabitants and 157 members). In 1986 there were thus ca. 2,500 Mennonites from the Bergthaler-Sommerfelder Mennonite family in Bolivia (989 church members).
-(2) [[Old Colony Mennonites|Old Colony Mennonites]] are located in 9 colonies: Swift Current (founded 1967, from Mexico, 2,510 inhabitants with 840 church members in 1986); [[Riva Palacios Colony (Bolivia)|Riva Palacios]] (founded 1967 from [[Mexico|Mexico]], 5,686 inhabitants and 1,900 members) and its branch colony, [[Tres Cruces Colony (Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia)|Tres Cruces]] (founded 1982, 785 inhabitants and 285 members); [[Santa Rita Colony (Bolivia)|Santa Rita]] (also called Paurito, founded 1967, from Mexico and [[Belize|Belize]], 1,505 inhabitants and 482 members); [[Piedras Colony, Las (Bolivia)|Las Piedras]] (founded 1968, from Canada, 594 inhabitants and 218 members) and its branch colony [[Piedras Colony, Las (Bolivia)|Las Piedras II ]](founded 1984, 382 inhabitants and 115 members); [[Valle Esperanza Colony (Bolivia) |Valle Esperanza]], or Hoffnungstal (founded 1975, from Mexico, 1,400 inhabitants and 607 members); [[Norte Colony, Del, Bolivia|Colonia del Norte]] (founded 1980, from Mexico, 400 inhabitants and 143 members); San José de Chiquitos (founded 1974, from Mexico and Belize, 1,668 inhabitants and 543 members). [[Old Colony Mennonites|Old Colony Mennonites]] in Bolivia thus numbered nearly 15,000 in 1986 (ca. 5,000 church members). -- <em>Martin W. Friesen / Menno Ediger / Isbrand Hiebert</em>
+(2) [[Old Colony Mennonites|Old Colony Mennonites]] are located in 9 colonies: Swift Current (founded 1967, from Mexico, 2,510 inhabitants with 840 church members in 1986); [[Riva Palacios Colony (Bolivia)|Riva Palacios]] (founded 1967 from [[Mexico|Mexico]], 5,686 inhabitants and 1,900 members) and its branch colony, [[Tres Cruces Colony (Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia)|Tres Cruces]] (founded 1982, 785 inhabitants and 285 members); [[Santa Rita Colony (Bolivia)|Santa Rita]] (also called Paurito, founded 1967, from Mexico and [[Belize|Belize]], 1,505 inhabitants and 482 members); [[Piedras Colony, Las (Bolivia)|Las Piedras]] (founded 1968, from Canada, 594 inhabitants and 218 members) and its branch colony [[Piedras Colony, Las (Bolivia)|Las Piedras II ]](founded 1984, 382 inhabitants and 115 members); [[Valle Esperanza Colony (Bolivia) |Valle Esperanza]], or Hoffnungstal (founded 1975, from Mexico, 1,400 inhabitants and 607 members); [[Del Norte Colony (Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia)|Colonia del Norte]] (founded 1980, from Mexico, 400 inhabitants and 143 members); San José de Chiquitos (founded 1974, from Mexico and Belize, 1,668 inhabitants and 543 members). [[Old Colony Mennonites|Old Colony Mennonites]] in Bolivia thus numbered nearly 15,000 in 1986 (ca. 5,000 church members). -- <em>Martin W. Friesen / Menno Ediger / Isbrand Hiebert</em>
 Most Mennonites came to Bolivia with more experience in colonizing than in similar ventures elsewhere. Some had sufficient money to purchase machinery helpful in carving a settlement out of the forest. Rainfall and temperature are especially favorable for soya beans, corn, and wheat, with Mennonites growing some 75 percent of Bolivia's soya crop in the Santa Cruz region, as well as producing a large percentage of Bolivia's cheese. Economic conditions worsened markedly in the mid-1980s. With the exception of a few small cheese cooperatives, Mennonites in Bolivia have not organized credit unions or colony-wide economic cooperatives, as is customary in many Latin American Mennonite colonies. Each group has, however, established a [[Waisenamt|Waisenamt]] (orphan 's agency) to take care of widows and orphans. In some colonies organized mutual aid provides a type of storm and fire insurance.

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 (1) Descendants of the immigrants to [[Manitoba (Canada)|Manitoba]] from the [[Bergthal Mennonite Settlement (Zaporizhia Oblast, Ukraine)|Bergthal Colony]] in [[Russia|Russia]] ([[Sommerfeld Mennonites|Sommerfeld Mennonites]], the Chortitzer Mennonite Conference-related Grünthal Mennonites—see [[Reinlander Mennoniten Gemeinde (Manitoba)|Reinlander Mennoniten Gemeinden]], and [[Bergthal Mennonites|Saskatchewan Bergthal Mennonites]]) have migrated to Bolivia and form seven colonies (all statistics as of 1986): Canadiense (founded 1956, from Paraguay, 807 inhabitants and 329 church members belonging to the Grünthal Mennonites) and its branch colony Morgenland (founded 1975, 280 inhabitants and 104 members, Grünthal Mennonites); Bergthal (founded 1963, from [[Paraguay|Paraguay]] and [[Canada|Canada]], 306 inhabitants and 127 members); [[Reinland Colony (Bolivia)|Reinland]] (also called Las Pavas, founded 1963, from Paraguay and Canada, disbanded 1987) and its branch colony [[Rosenort Colony (Bolivia)|Rosenort]] (founded 1975, ca. 350 inhabitants and 140 members, including some recently arrived from Reinland); Sommerfeld (founded 1968, from [[Mexico|Mexico]], 419 inhabitants and 132 members); [[Nueva Holanda Colony (Bolivia)|Nueva Holanda]] (founded 1983, from Reinland colony, 394 inhabitants and 157 members). In 1986 there were thus ca. 2,500 Mennonites from the Bergthaler-Sommerfelder Mennonite family in Bolivia (989 church members).
-(2) [[Old Colony Mennonites|Old Colony Mennonites]] are located in 9 colonies: Swift Current (founded 1967, from Mexico, 2,510 inhabitants with 840 church members in 1986); [[Riva Palacios Colony (Bolivia)|Riva Palacios]] (founded 1967 from [[Mexico|Mexico]], 5,686 inhabitants and 1,900 members) and its branch colony, [[Tres Cruces Colony (Bolivia)|Tres Cruces]] (founded 1982, 785 inhabitants and 285 members); [[Santa Rita Colony (Bolivia)|Santa Rita]] (also called Paurito, founded 1967, from Mexico and [[Belize|Belize]], 1,505 inhabitants and 482 members); [[Piedras Colony, Las (Bolivia)|Las Piedras]] (founded 1968, from Canada, 594 inhabitants and 218 members) and its branch colony [[Piedras Colony, Las (Bolivia)|Las Piedras II ]](founded 1984, 382 inhabitants and 115 members); [[Valle Esperanza Colony (Bolivia) |Valle Esperanza]], or Hoffnungstal (founded 1975, from Mexico, 1,400 inhabitants and 607 members); [[Norte Colony, Del, Bolivia|Colonia del Norte]] (founded 1980, from Mexico, 400 inhabitants and 143 members); San José de Chiquitos (founded 1974, from Mexico and Belize, 1,668 inhabitants and 543 members). [[Old Colony Mennonites|Old Colony Mennonites]] in Bolivia thus numbered nearly 15,000 in 1986 (ca. 5,000 church members). -- <em>Martin W. Friesen / Menno Ediger / Isbrand Hiebert</em>
+(2) [[Old Colony Mennonites|Old Colony Mennonites]] are located in 9 colonies: Swift Current (founded 1967, from Mexico, 2,510 inhabitants with 840 church members in 1986); [[Riva Palacios Colony (Bolivia)|Riva Palacios]] (founded 1967 from [[Mexico|Mexico]], 5,686 inhabitants and 1,900 members) and its branch colony, [[Tres Cruces Colony (Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia)|Tres Cruces]] (founded 1982, 785 inhabitants and 285 members); [[Santa Rita Colony (Bolivia)|Santa Rita]] (also called Paurito, founded 1967, from Mexico and [[Belize|Belize]], 1,505 inhabitants and 482 members); [[Piedras Colony, Las (Bolivia)|Las Piedras]] (founded 1968, from Canada, 594 inhabitants and 218 members) and its branch colony [[Piedras Colony, Las (Bolivia)|Las Piedras II ]](founded 1984, 382 inhabitants and 115 members); [[Valle Esperanza Colony (Bolivia) |Valle Esperanza]], or Hoffnungstal (founded 1975, from Mexico, 1,400 inhabitants and 607 members); [[Norte Colony, Del, Bolivia|Colonia del Norte]] (founded 1980, from Mexico, 400 inhabitants and 143 members); San José de Chiquitos (founded 1974, from Mexico and Belize, 1,668 inhabitants and 543 members). [[Old Colony Mennonites|Old Colony Mennonites]] in Bolivia thus numbered nearly 15,000 in 1986 (ca. 5,000 church members). -- <em>Martin W. Friesen / Menno Ediger / Isbrand Hiebert</em>
 Most Mennonites came to Bolivia with more experience in colonizing than in similar ventures elsewhere. Some had sufficient money to purchase machinery helpful in carving a settlement out of the forest. Rainfall and temperature are especially favorable for soya beans, corn, and wheat, with Mennonites growing some 75 percent of Bolivia's soya crop in the Santa Cruz region, as well as producing a large percentage of Bolivia's cheese. Economic conditions worsened markedly in the mid-1980s. With the exception of a few small cheese cooperatives, Mennonites in Bolivia have not organized credit unions or colony-wide economic cooperatives, as is customary in many Latin American Mennonite colonies. Each group has, however, established a [[Waisenamt|Waisenamt]] (orphan 's agency) to take care of widows and orphans. In some colonies organized mutual aid provides a type of storm and fire insurance.

@@ Line 186: / Line 186: @@
 ''Mennonite Weekly Review'' (8 August 1985): 12; (19 February 1987): 7.
-Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America &amp; The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010. [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members%202009/Latin%20America%20&amp;%20the%20Caribbean%20Summary.doc http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members 2009/Latin America &amp; the Caribbean Summary.doc].
+Mennonite World Conference. "Global Map:Bolivia." Mennonite World Conference. Web. 29 March 2021. https://mwc-cmm.org/global-map.
 Mennonite World Conference. ''World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées.'' Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 18-19.

@@ Line 197: / Line 197: @@
 Wikipedia. "Bolivia." Web. 5 June 2013. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia].
-{{GAMEO_footer-6|hp=Vol. 4, p. 1067; vol. 5, pp. 89-92|date=June 2013|a1_last=Bender|a1_first=Harold S.|a2_last=Friesen|a2_first=Martin W.|a3_last=Ediger|a3_first=Menno|a4_last=Hiebert|a4_first=Isbrand|a5_last=Mumaw|a5_first=Gerald|a6_last=Prieto-Valladares|a6_first=James Adrian}}
+{{GAMEO_footer-6|hp=Vol. 4, p. 1067; vol. 5, pp. 89-92|date=May 2020|a1_last=Bender|a1_first=Harold S.|a2_last=Friesen|a2_first=Martin W.|a3_last=Ediger|a3_first=Menno|a4_last=Hiebert|a4_first=Isbrand|a5_last=Mumaw|a5_first=Gerald|a6_last=Prieto-Valladares|a6_first=James Adrian}}
 [[Category:Countries]]

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 [[Mennonite Economic Development Associates (MEDA)|Mennonite Economic Development Associates]] (MEDA) first became active in Bolivia in the early 1970s through MCC. After several smaller loans, including several to Mennonite colonists, in 1974 MEDA loaned $25,000 to La Merced Cooperative, the largest savings and loan cooperative in Santa Cruz. These funds were for small farmers from MCC-related villages who previously had been unable to obtain credit. The first MEDA overseas country director in any country was placed in Bolivia in 1976. MEDA seeks out funding for suitable projects; teaches economic, bookkeeping, and accounting principles on an individual and short course basis; promotes production-oriented cooperatives; gives economic counsel and supervision; and provides funds for small loans. MEDA works closely, although not exclusively, with MCC and has seen it-self as the "economic development arm of MCC in Bolivia." -- <em>Gerald Mumaw</em>
 == 2020 Update ==
 In 2020 the following Anabaptist groups were active in Bolivia:
@@ Line 171: / Line 174: @@
 = Bibliography =
-Fretz, J. Winfield. "A Visit to the Mennonites in Bolivia." <em class="gameo_bibliography"> Mennonite Life</em> 15 (January 1960): 13-17.
+"Bolivia." Mennonite World Conference. Web. 28 April 2020. https://mwc-cmm.org/mwc_map/country/1025.
-Glick, Helen Liechty. <em class="gameo_bibliography"> Spiritsong: Mennonite Central Committee's Twenty-five Years in Bolivia. </em> Akron, PA: MCC, 1985.
+Fretz, J. Winfield. "A Visit to the Mennonites in Bolivia." ''Mennonite Life'' 15 (January 1960): 13-17.
 Lanning, James Walter. "The Old Colony Mennonites of Bolivia: A Case Study." MSc thesis, Texas A and M University, 1971.
-Letters in <em class="gameo_bibliography"> Die Mennonitische Post, </em> 1977-87.
+Letters in ''Die Mennonitische Post,'' 1977-87.
-<em class="gameo_bibliography">Mennonite Weekly Review </em>(8 August 1985): 12; (19 February 1987): 7.
+Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America &amp; The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010. [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members%202009/Latin%20America%20&amp;%20the%20Caribbean%20Summary.doc http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members 2009/Latin America &amp; the Caribbean Summary.doc].
-Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America &amp; The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010. <span class="link-external">[http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members%202009/Latin%20America%20&amp;%20the%20Caribbean%20Summary.doc http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members 2009/Latin America &amp; the Caribbean Summary.doc]</span>.
+Mennonite World Conference. ''World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées.'' Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 18-19.
-Mennonite World Conference. <em>World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées.</em>Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 18-19.
+Plett, Richard. ''The Colony Mennonites in Bolivia.'' Winnipeg: MCC Canada and <em class="gameo_bibliography">Die Mennonitische Post</em>, 1980.
-Plett, Richard. <em class="gameo_bibliography"> The Colony Mennonites in Bolivia.</em> Winnipeg: MCC Canada and <em class="gameo_bibliography">Die Mennonitische Post</em>, 1980.
+Prieto, Jamie. ''Mission and migration''. Global Mennonite History series. Intercourse, Pa.: Good Books, 2010: 322.
-Reimer, George. <em class="gameo_bibliography">A Survey of Mennonites in Mexico, Belize, Bolivia, and Paraguay. </em> Winnipeg: MCC Canada, 1980ff.
+Reimer, George. ''A Survey of Mennonites in Mexico, Belize, Bolivia, and Paraguay.'' Winnipeg: MCC Canada, 1980ff.
 Wikipedia. "Bolivia." Web. 5 June 2013. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia].
-{{GAMEO_footer-5|hp=Vol. 4, p. 1067; vol. 5, pp. 89-92|date=June 2013|a1_last=Bender|a1_first=Harold S.|a2_last=Friesen|a2_first=Martin W.|a3_last=Ediger|a3_first=Menno|a4_last=Hiebert|a4_first=Isbrand|a5_last=Mumaw|a5_first=Gerald}}
+{{GAMEO_footer-6|hp=Vol. 4, p. 1067; vol. 5, pp. 89-92|date=June 2013|a1_last=Bender|a1_first=Harold S.|a2_last=Friesen|a2_first=Martin W.|a3_last=Ediger|a3_first=Menno|a4_last=Hiebert|a4_first=Isbrand|a5_last=Mumaw|a5_first=Gerald|a6_last=Prieto-Valladares|a6_first=James Adrian}}
 [[Category:Countries]]

@@ Line 81: / Line 81: @@
+|
 |-
-|Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church (Bolivia)
+|[[Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church]] (Bolivia)
 |style="text-align: right;" |
 |style="text-align: right;" |
@@ Line 129: / Line 129: @@
 |style="text-align: right;" |13
 |-
-|Nationwide Fellowship Churches (Bolivia)
+|[[Nationwide Fellowship Churches]] (Bolivia)
 |style="text-align: right;" |51
 |style="text-align: right;" |1

@@ Line 44: / Line 44: @@
 [[Mennonite Economic Development Associates (MEDA)|Mennonite Economic Development Associates]] (MEDA) first became active in Bolivia in the early 1970s through MCC. After several smaller loans, including several to Mennonite colonists, in 1974 MEDA loaned $25,000 to La Merced Cooperative, the largest savings and loan cooperative in Santa Cruz. These funds were for small farmers from MCC-related villages who previously had been unable to obtain credit. The first MEDA overseas country director in any country was placed in Bolivia in 1976. MEDA seeks out funding for suitable projects; teaches economic, bookkeeping, and accounting principles on an individual and short course basis; promotes production-oriented cooperatives; gives economic counsel and supervision; and provides funds for small loans. MEDA works closely, although not exclusively, with MCC and has seen it-self as the "economic development arm of MCC in Bolivia." -- <em>Gerald Mumaw</em>
-== 2013 Update ==
+== 2020 Update ==
-In 2012 the following Anabaptist groups were active in Bolivia:
+In 2020 the following Anabaptist groups were active in Bolivia:
 {| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 !Membership<br />in 2012
 !Congregations<br />in 2012
 |-
 |[[Old Colony Mennonites|Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde]]
@@ Line 59: / Line 61: @@
+|
 |style="text-align: right;" |19,096
+|
 |-
@@ Line 65: / Line 69: @@
+|
 |style="text-align: right;" |557
+|
 |-
@@ Line 71: / Line 77: @@
+|
 |style="text-align: right;" |524
+|
 |-
-|Conservative (Plain) Mennonites
+|Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church (Bolivia)
-|style="text-align: right;" |70
+|style="text-align: right;" |
-|style="text-align: right;" |2
+|style="text-align: right;" |
-|style="text-align: right;" |105
+|style="text-align: right;" |
-|style="text-align: right;" |2
+|style="text-align: right;" |
 |-
 |[[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Boliviana|Iglesia Evangélica Menonita Boliviana]]
@@ Line 84: / Line 94: @@
 |style="text-align: right;" |450
 |style="text-align: right;" |7
 |-
 |Iglesia Misionera Anabaptista
@@ Line 90: / Line 102: @@
 |style="text-align: right;" |90
 |style="text-align: right;" |4
 |-
 |Independent colonies
@@ Line 95: / Line 109: @@
+|
 |style="text-align: right;" |494
+|
 |-
@@ Line 100: / Line 116: @@
 |style="text-align: right;" |394
+|
 |style="text-align: right;" |682
+|
@@ Line 108: / Line 126: @@
 |style="text-align: right;" |630
 |style="text-align: right;" |13
 |-
 |Reinländer Mennonitengemeinde
@@ Line 113: / Line 141: @@
+|
 |style="text-align: right;" |203
+|
 |-
@@ Line 120: / Line 150: @@
 |style="text-align: right;" |2,157
+|
 |-
 |'''Total'''
@@ Line 126: / Line 166: @@
 |style="text-align: right;" |'''24,988'''
 |style="text-align: right;" |'''26'''
 |}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __FORCETOC__
 __TOC__
-[[File:bl-map.gif|300px|thumb|left|''Source: [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/maptemplate_bl.html CIA World Factbook]'']]
+[[File:bl-map.gif|328px|thumb|left|''Source: [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/maps/maptemplate_bl.html CIA World Factbook]'']]
 [[File:Bolivia1.jpg|264px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bolivia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg Wikipedia Commons]'']]
 == Introduction ==