View source for Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de (1517-1586)

Antoine Perrenot de Granvelle (Grandvelle), Lord of Granvelle (b. 20 August 1517, d. 21 September 1586), Roman Catholic bishop of [[Utrecht (Utrecht, Netherlands)|Utrecht]] 1567, Archbishop of Mechelen and a cardinal, was one of the most influential advisers of [[Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Parma, Regent of the Netherlands (1522-1586)|Margaret, Duchess of Parma]], since 1559 Regent of the Netherlands (both the present [[Netherlands|Netherlands]] and [[Belgium|Belgium]]). He was an opponent of [[William I, Prince of Orange (1533-1584)|William of Orange]] and an ardent fighter of "heretics," both Calvinists and [[Anabaptism|Anabaptists]], and influenced the regent to maintain the imperial decrees and to take to drastic action. In a letter of 1566 he wrote: "If we should give freedom . . . to everyone to believe whatever he wishes, we would have not only 'Hugenots' (Calvinists) . . . but also several kinds of Anabaptists, whose intentions are very pernicious for the Republic (common cause) as one might see by what has happened during our memory at [[Münster Anabaptists|Münster]] and [[Amsterdam (Noord-Holland, Netherlands)|Amsterdam]], and a hundred thousand other monstrous sects."
= Bibliography =
Bessern, P. <em>Edits de Persecution contre les Anabaptistes des Pays-Bas . . .</em> Bern-Neuchatel-Buenos Aires, n. d.: 25-27.

Schelven, A. A. van. <em>Willem van Oranje</em>. Haarlem, 1933: 67-99.
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