View source for Jung-Stilling, Johann Heinrich (1740-1817)

[[File:Johann-Heinrich-Jung-Stilling.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Jung-Stilling in 1801<br />
Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Johann_Heinrich_Jung_Stilling.jpg Wikipedia Commons]'']]
Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling, (1740-1817): Pietist, physician and economist; born 12  September 1740, in Grund near Hilchenbach, Westphalia, [[Germany|Germany]], the son of a tailor and schoolmaster. At the age of 15 he became a schoolteacher at Litzel, where he came in contact with religious separatists, and worked as teacher and tailor, learned the treatment of the eye from a Catholic priest, and studied this science at Strasbourg (1770-72), where he made the acquaintance of [[Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832)|Goethe]] and Herder, practiced medicine in Elberfeld, acquired fame for his operation on cataracts (1773-78), lectured on technical subjects in the Kameralschule at [[Kaiserslautern (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)|Kaiserslautern]] (1778-84), and became professor at [[Marburg (Hessen, Germany)|Marburg]], then at Heidelberg (1784-1803), was made councilor of Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden, in Heidelberg (18037), and was finally pensioned by the duke and spent his last years at Karlsruhe (1807-17). Throughout his life his first interest lay in serving the kingdom of God.

Through his numerous writings, his extensive correspondence, and frequent journeys, Jung-Stilling left traces of his influence in many places, including the Mennonite communities. Among his works, his <em>Lebensgeschichte</em>, particularly <em>Jugend</em> and <em>Wanderschaft</em>, the novel <em>Heimweh</em>, the periodical <em>Der graue Mann</em>; <em>Biblische Erzählungen</em>, and the novel <em>Theobald oder die [[Schwärmer|Schwärmer]]</em>, were read widely in Mennonite families, especially in the [[Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)|Palatinate]]. In his autobiography, <em>Heinrich Stillings Wanderschaft</em> (Berlin and Leipzig, 1778, 47 f.), he relates that he worked for a tailor Isaak (I. Becker) at Rade vor dem Walde (Waldstätt) and was beneficially stimulated in religious thought by him. This man was apparently a Swiss Mennonite emigrant (<em>Menn. BI.</em>, 139; <em>Heimweh</em> I, 77). Jung-Stilling speaks in some detail about the Mennonites in his <em>Taschenbuch für Freunde des Christentums</em>, publishing a picture of [[Menno Simons (1496-1561)|Menno Simons]], defending them against unjust accusations, and praising their Christian foundation and character (<em>Menn. BI.</em>, 1890, p. 62; <em>Gbl</em>., 1899, p. 83).

He also makes an interesting remark about the Palatinate Mennonites in <em>Heimweh</em>: "The pastor in Kaiserslautern was called to account, because he had permitted a Mennonite woman to be buried in the churchyard, and had attended the funeral." Obviously these words refer to the case of religious intolerance described in detail in <em>Gem.-Kal.</em> 1909, 63 ff. In this allegorical novel, <em>Heimweh</em>, he pays a tribute to the Swiss Mennonite way of life by having his hero Eugenius meet his bride-to-be in a Swiss Mennonite home, where he also receives his most impressive lessons on faith.

In May 1785 Jung-Stilling and his wife visited the Mennonite [[Möllinger, David (1709-1786)|David Möllinge]]r, the "father of clover culture in the Palatinate," at [[Monsheim (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)|Monsheim]], whose album contains the following entry in verse: "Certainly the man does not live in vain, who always knows his intentions, himself, and his duty. In memory of Salome Jung, nee St. George" (d. 25 May 1790).

"Friend Möllinger! Here I cannot make verses; for my heart is too full of thanks to the heavenly Father, too full of bliss to think of rhymes; Möllinger and Stilling, two brothers whom the Lord has raised from the dust, should be filled with nothing but thanks and praise to their Creator and Preserver." Jung-Stilling signs himself "Möllinger's brother, Dr. Johann Heinrich Jung, grand ducal councilor and professor at Heidelberg, Monsheim, May 2, 1785."

With the Palatine Mennonites, Johann Risser of [[Friedelsheim (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)|Friedelsheim]], B. Eymann of Kindenheim, and Jakob Krehbiel of [[Weierhof (Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany)|Weierhof]], Jung-Stilling carried on an extensive correspondence. The occasion for the correspondence was probably the conversion of a young Jew, Heinrich Wilhelm David Hamann, who was won for Christianity by his contacts with the Mennonites. Jung-Stilling became interested in him and arranged his journey to England, where he was trained as a missionary to the Jews (in Basel, 1844-73).

Jung-Stilling's hymn, "Vater, deines Geistes Wehen," was adopted in the hymnal of the South German Mennonites of 1910 (No. 170).

Jung-Stilling also had some influence on the Mennonites of [[Russia|Russia]]. Some of the Mennonites in Russia were so impressed by his description in <em>Heimweh</em> (to some extent also by other similar literature) of an imaginary oriental theocracy near the Aral Sea that they founded a colony there, expecting to find in it the refuge from the anti-Christ pictured allegorically by Jung-Stilling. Franz Bartsch (<em>Unser Auszug</em>, 8) says: "The reading of Jung-Stilling's writings, e.g., his <em>Heimweh</em>, had given the first impetus [to the idea]."
= Bibliography =
Bartsch, Fr. <em>Unser Auszug nach Mittelasien.</em> Halbstadt, 1907: 8.

Correll, E. H. <em>Das schweizerische Täufermennonitentum.</em> Tubingen, 1925: 112 ff.

Günther, H. R. G. <em>Jung-Stilling.</em> 1928.

Hege, Christian and Christian Neff. ''Mennonitisches Lexikon'', 4 vols. Frankfurt &amp; Weierhof: Hege; Karlsruhe; Schneider, 1913-1967: v. 3,  446 f.

Herzog, J. J. and Albert Hauck, <em>Realencyclopedie für Protestantische Theologie and Kirche</em>, 24 vols. 3rd ed. Leipzig: J. H. Hinrichs, 1896-1913: v. 19, 46 ff.

<em>Die Religion in Geschichte and Gegenwart</em>, 2. ed., 5 vols. Tübingen: Mohr, 1927-1932: v. 3, Col. 468.

Stecher, G. <em>Jung-Stilling als Schriftsteller.</em> 1913.

Vömel, A. Briefe <em>Jung-Stilling an seine Freunde Wiegand and Grieber.</em> 1905.

Neff, Christian. "Jung-Stilling über Menno Simons." Contains 3 letters from Jung-Stilling Johannes Risser) in <em>Mennonitischer Gemeinde-Kalender</em> (1937): 49.53.

Neff, Christian. "Jung-Stilling und die Mennoniten." <em>Menn. Jugendwarte</em> 18 (1938): 36-45, 56-66, 80-88. Contains letters from Jung-Stilling to David Möllinger, J. J. Becker, and Jacob Krehbiel.
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[[Category:Persons]]