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organizations). During the reign of Charles V Belgium was the southern part of the Netherlands and was governed in his name by the vice-regent, who resided in Brussels

these circumstances the new doctrine continued to spread; neither Charles nor his regent, Duke Ferdinand of Austria, could prevent it. By 1524 the Diet of

attention to it. In 1544, in a sharp letter from Maria, sister of Charles V, and regent of the Netherlands, to East Friesland, Anna was ostracized and excommunicated

threatening the severest penalty upon joining the Anabaptists. The mandate of Charles V of 4 January 1528 extended the persecution to the whole empire. It was

Emperor Charles V arranged to have her become regent of the Netherlands, governing in his name. Maria died 18 October 1558 and was succeeded as regent by Emmanuel

believed that about 1719-1720 they had at least 1,250 members. Emperor Charles VI authorized the creation of a special Jesuit mission to convert them to

Margaret of Parma: regent of the Netherlands 1559-1567; was born 28 December 1522, the natural daughter of Emperor Charles V and his mistress, Johanna

Burgundian territories were inherited by his son, the future Emperor Charles V.  Due to Charles' youth, Margaret was named as his guardian, and governed the Netherlands

developments there. He corresponded with Bishop Franz von Waldeck and the regent and the city council (Cornelius, II); in a letter of 6 March 1535, he requested

Menno and a Lasco. Menno soon had to leave the city. At the insistence of Charles V, Anna passed a mandate ordering all the adherents of a sect, especially

uprightness, and love of one's neighbor. The imperial government at Brussels, and Charles V most of all, viewed the increasing decline of Catholicism and the growth