https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&feed=atom&action=historyOhio (USA) - Revision history2024-03-19T12:57:35ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.35.1https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=178485&oldid=prevSamSteiner at 15:18, 11 March 20242024-03-11T15:18:56Z<p></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:18, 11 March 2024</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l68" >Line 68:</td>
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<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Wayne County Mennonite congregation, which founded the [[Martins Mennonite Church (MC) (Wayne County, Ohio)|Martins]] church southeast of [[Orrville (Wayne County, Ohio, USA)|Orrville]], also lost a number of members to the Wisler group in 1872. The [[Wayne County Old Order Mennonites (Ohio, USA)|Wayne County Wisler]] congregation was the largest Old Order Mennonite church in the [[United States of America|United States]]. Some members of the Martins church who lived near Orrville united with the Salem congregation when it was organized by disaffected members of the [[Oak Grove Mennonite Church (Smithville, Wayne County, Ohio, USA)|Oak Grove Amish Mennonite Church]] in 1892. It has lost members also to the [[Orrville Mennonite Church (Orrville, Ohio, USA)|Orrville Mennonite Church]], founded by members of the Oak Grove congregation who engaged in business in this thriving railroad center.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Wayne County Mennonite congregation, which founded the [[Martins Mennonite Church (MC) (Wayne County, Ohio)|Martins]] church southeast of [[Orrville (Wayne County, Ohio, USA)|Orrville]], also lost a number of members to the Wisler group in 1872. The [[Wayne County Old Order Mennonites (Ohio, USA)|Wayne County Wisler]] congregation was the largest Old Order Mennonite church in the [[United States of America|United States]]. Some members of the Martins church who lived near Orrville united with the Salem congregation when it was organized by disaffected members of the [[Oak Grove Mennonite Church (Smithville, Wayne County, Ohio, USA)|Oak Grove Amish Mennonite Church]] in 1892. It has lost members also to the [[Orrville Mennonite Church (Orrville, Ohio, USA)|Orrville Mennonite Church]], founded by members of the Oak Grove congregation who engaged in business in this thriving railroad center.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Medina County Mennonite group built the Guilford meetinghouse near [[Wadsworth (Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth]] and followed their bishop, Abraham Rohrer, into the Wisler branch in 1872, leaving a bare half-dozen members in the [[Ohio Mennonite Conference|Ohio Conference]]. After a severe struggle for survival, aided by [[Funk, John Fretz (1835-1930)|John F. Funk]] and others, the congregation began to grow and is now the [[Bethel Mennonite Church (Rittman, Ohio, USA)|Bethel congregation]] ([[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]]). Medina County also is the home of the Wadsworth First Mennonite Church ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite Church]]), founded in 1852 by "Oberholtzer" (GCM) families from Bucks County, PA, led by [[Hunsberger, Ephraim (1814-1904)|Ephraim Hunsberger]]. The Huber Mennonite Church, also known as Medway, founded soon after 1830 in Clark County near Dayton, has suffered throughout its 125-year history the precarious existence of other small Mennonite congregations in the state. Torn by dissension, losing members to the [[Reformed Mennonite Church|Reformed Mennonite]] branch, and led sometimes by an unprogressive leadership or served by nonresident ministers supplied by Conference, it has several times been in danger of extinction.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Medina County Mennonite group built the Guilford meetinghouse near [[Wadsworth (Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth]] and followed their bishop, Abraham Rohrer, into the Wisler branch in 1872, leaving a bare half-dozen members in the [[Ohio Mennonite Conference <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">(1843-1927)</ins>|Ohio Conference]]. After a severe struggle for survival, aided by [[Funk, John Fretz (1835-1930)|John F. Funk]] and others, the congregation began to grow and is now the [[Bethel Mennonite Church (Rittman, Ohio, USA)|Bethel congregation]] ([[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]]). Medina County also is the home of the Wadsworth First Mennonite Church ([[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite Church]]), founded in 1852 by "Oberholtzer" (GCM) families from Bucks County, PA, led by [[Hunsberger, Ephraim (1814-1904)|Ephraim Hunsberger]]. The Huber Mennonite Church, also known as Medway, founded soon after 1830 in Clark County near Dayton, has suffered throughout its 125-year history the precarious existence of other small Mennonite congregations in the state. Torn by dissension, losing members to the [[Reformed Mennonite Church|Reformed Mennonite]] branch, and led sometimes by an unprogressive leadership or served by nonresident ministers supplied by Conference, it has several times been in danger of extinction.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The saddest picture of the original Mennonite settlements in Ohio is the number of extinct congregations. Each has left its neglected [[Cemeteries|cemetery]], the site of a small church building and many Mennonite names, some no longer on any church roll. Beginning with Pleasant Hill in Fairfield County and Canal Winchester and Stemens in [[Franklin County (Ohio, USA)|Franklin County]], the list includes a congregation in [[Trumbull County (Ohio, USA)|Trumbull County]], Kolbs in [[Holmes County (Ohio, USA)|Holmes County]], Brubachers, Pleasant View, and Salemskirche in [[Ashland County (Ohio, USA)|Ashland County]], one in [[Crawford-Richland Counties (Ohio, USA)|Richland and Crawford counties]], and one each in Seneca, Wood, and Williams counties. This line continues westward with extinct congregations in Bronson County, MI and [[DeKalb County (Indiana, USA)|DeKalb]], [[Lagrange County (Indiana, USA)|Lagrange]], Elkhart, and St. Joseph counties in Indiana. Most of these followed Jacob Wisler in the [[Old Order Mennonites|Old Order Mennonite]] movement in the 1870's and for reasons already mentioned lost their young people. From all of the extinct Ohio congregations, however, some of the more progressive members moved westward, many to the western part of Elkhart County, IN, where their descendants became members of the Olive, Yellow Creek, [[Clinton Brick Mennonite Church (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Clinton Brick]], or Old Order Mennonite congregations. A few moved farther west to [[Illinois (USA)|Illinois]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], or [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], where their descendants made an appreciated contribution to the religious and institutional life of Mennonite congregations, both Mennonite Church. and General Conference Mennonite. The only one of the above-mentioned extinct Ohio Mennonite congregations to become General Conference was the Salemskirche (Salem Mennonite Church), whose last pastor was the German immigrant, Carl Justus van der Smissen (1879-1890), retired theological teacher of the Wadsworth Mennonite School. His son had been pastor both of Salem and of the General Conference church in [[Cleveland (Ohio, USA)|Cleveland]]. After Van der Smissen's death most of the remaining members together with a few members of the Pleasant View Church (MC) united with the thriving Stone Lutheran Church near the former site of Salem. Most of the Lutheran members of the congregation were descendants of Lutheran families who had come to the neighborhood with the Palatine Mennonites in the 1830s.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The saddest picture of the original Mennonite settlements in Ohio is the number of extinct congregations. Each has left its neglected [[Cemeteries|cemetery]], the site of a small church building and many Mennonite names, some no longer on any church roll. Beginning with Pleasant Hill in Fairfield County and Canal Winchester and Stemens in [[Franklin County (Ohio, USA)|Franklin County]], the list includes a congregation in [[Trumbull County (Ohio, USA)|Trumbull County]], Kolbs in [[Holmes County (Ohio, USA)|Holmes County]], Brubachers, Pleasant View, and Salemskirche in [[Ashland County (Ohio, USA)|Ashland County]], one in [[Crawford-Richland Counties (Ohio, USA)|Richland and Crawford counties]], and one each in Seneca, Wood, and Williams counties. This line continues westward with extinct congregations in Bronson County, MI and [[DeKalb County (Indiana, USA)|DeKalb]], [[Lagrange County (Indiana, USA)|Lagrange]], Elkhart, and St. Joseph counties in Indiana. Most of these followed Jacob Wisler in the [[Old Order Mennonites|Old Order Mennonite]] movement in the 1870's and for reasons already mentioned lost their young people. From all of the extinct Ohio congregations, however, some of the more progressive members moved westward, many to the western part of Elkhart County, IN, where their descendants became members of the Olive, Yellow Creek, [[Clinton Brick Mennonite Church (Goshen, Indiana, USA)|Clinton Brick]], or Old Order Mennonite congregations. A few moved farther west to [[Illinois (USA)|Illinois]], [[Kansas (USA)|Kansas]], or [[Iowa (USA)|Iowa]], where their descendants made an appreciated contribution to the religious and institutional life of Mennonite congregations, both Mennonite Church. and General Conference Mennonite. The only one of the above-mentioned extinct Ohio Mennonite congregations to become General Conference was the Salemskirche (Salem Mennonite Church), whose last pastor was the German immigrant, Carl Justus van der Smissen (1879-1890), retired theological teacher of the Wadsworth Mennonite School. His son had been pastor both of Salem and of the General Conference church in [[Cleveland (Ohio, USA)|Cleveland]]. After Van der Smissen's death most of the remaining members together with a few members of the Pleasant View Church (MC) united with the thriving Stone Lutheran Church near the former site of Salem. Most of the Lutheran members of the congregation were descendants of Lutheran families who had come to the neighborhood with the Palatine Mennonites in the 1830s.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l138" >Line 138:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 138:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1987 Ohio was the home of 350 congregations of various Mennonites and Amish and 13 [[Brethren in Christ Church |Brethren in Christ]] churches, totalling about 32,000 baptized members. Since many families have unbaptized children the total number of people exceeded 50,000. Of the 215 congregations that were some variant of Amish or Beachy Amish, about 83 percent were Old Order Amish. "New Order Amish," a recent development, and Beachy Amish make up the other congregations. Amish baptized members totaled about 14,500, while Mennonites and Brethren in Christ number about 17,500.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1987 Ohio was the home of 350 congregations of various Mennonites and Amish and 13 [[Brethren in Christ Church |Brethren in Christ]] churches, totalling about 32,000 baptized members. Since many families have unbaptized children the total number of people exceeded 50,000. Of the 215 congregations that were some variant of Amish or Beachy Amish, about 83 percent were Old Order Amish. "New Order Amish," a recent development, and Beachy Amish make up the other congregations. Amish baptized members totaled about 14,500, while Mennonites and Brethren in Christ number about 17,500.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Amish congregations seldom exceed 100 baptized members, but among major Mennonite groups many congregations were larger. Among the nearly 150 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ congregations, two-thirds were affiliated with the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]] (MC). Of the 11 [[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite]] (GCM) congregations, three held membership also with the [[Ohio <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Conference of </del>Mennonite <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Church USA |Ohio </del>Conference <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the Mennonite Church</del>]] (MC). Eleven congregations were not affiliated with a conference. The [[Fellowship of Evangelical Churches|Evangelical Mennonite Church]] (EMCh) had four congregations in Ohio. Four churches belong to the [[Midwest Mennonite Fellowship|Mid-West Mennonite Fellowship]]; an equal number consider themselves Fellowship Churches (also known as [[Nationwide Fellowship Churches|Nationwide Fellowship]]). Some half-dozen other Mennonite varieties each have one or two congregations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Amish congregations seldom exceed 100 baptized members, but among major Mennonite groups many congregations were larger. Among the nearly 150 Mennonite and Brethren in Christ congregations, two-thirds were affiliated with the [[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church]] (MC). Of the 11 [[General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM)|General Conference Mennonite]] (GCM) congregations, three held membership also with the [[Ohio Mennonite Conference]] (MC). Eleven congregations were not affiliated with a conference. The [[Fellowship of Evangelical Churches|Evangelical Mennonite Church]] (EMCh) had four congregations in Ohio. Four churches belong to the [[Midwest Mennonite Fellowship|Mid-West Mennonite Fellowship]]; an equal number consider themselves Fellowship Churches (also known as [[Nationwide Fellowship Churches|Nationwide Fellowship]]). Some half-dozen other Mennonite varieties each have one or two congregations.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mennonites and Amish are often heavily intermingled, particularly in Ohio's densest Mennonite-Amish area centered on Wayne and Holmes Counties. In the roughly rectangular area from the Wooster, Smithville, [[Orrville (Wayne County, Ohio, USA)|Orrville]], [[Dalton (Ohio, USA)|Dalton]] area, and southward to Wilmot, Dundee, Sugarcreek, and Baltic, and from there westward to Clark, then northward through Millersburg, Holmesville, and back to Wooster, lies one of the largest combined settlements of Amish and Mennonites in [[North America|North America]]. It covers a span of about 35 miles (55 km) north and south and 20 miles (33 km) east and west. In that locale are found virtually every variety of Amish and Mennonite in the state and about half of the congregations.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Mennonites and Amish are often heavily intermingled, particularly in Ohio's densest Mennonite-Amish area centered on Wayne and Holmes Counties. In the roughly rectangular area from the Wooster, Smithville, [[Orrville (Wayne County, Ohio, USA)|Orrville]], [[Dalton (Ohio, USA)|Dalton]] area, and southward to Wilmot, Dundee, Sugarcreek, and Baltic, and from there westward to Clark, then northward through Millersburg, Holmesville, and back to Wooster, lies one of the largest combined settlements of Amish and Mennonites in [[North America|North America]]. It covers a span of about 35 miles (55 km) north and south and 20 miles (33 km) east and west. In that locale are found virtually every variety of Amish and Mennonite in the state and about half of the congregations.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l150" >Line 150:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 150:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the Beachy Amish there are several groups, the more traditional ones still using some German and not having Sunday schools. Among the Old Order Amish are a number of groups who have minor differences in dress, the application of the ban, and in their outlook on what constitutes "worldliness." In the last decade the "[[New Order Amish|New Order Amish]]" have developed. To the outsider they appear similar to the Old Order but they permit hard rubber tires on buggies and rubber-tired tractors for field use, and they make more serious attempts to keep young people in line with standards. They are considered a renewal movement. The "Schwartzentruber Amish," comprising eight congregations, are the most conservative and withdrawn of the Amish. Except where someone is under the ban, many of the various types of Amish will generally speak to each other readily in the familiar "Pennsylvania Dutch" and intermingle freely in weekday or neighborly activities, even if they will not worship or engage in the rite of communion together.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the Beachy Amish there are several groups, the more traditional ones still using some German and not having Sunday schools. Among the Old Order Amish are a number of groups who have minor differences in dress, the application of the ban, and in their outlook on what constitutes "worldliness." In the last decade the "[[New Order Amish|New Order Amish]]" have developed. To the outsider they appear similar to the Old Order but they permit hard rubber tires on buggies and rubber-tired tractors for field use, and they make more serious attempts to keep young people in line with standards. They are considered a renewal movement. The "Schwartzentruber Amish," comprising eight congregations, are the most conservative and withdrawn of the Amish. Except where someone is under the ban, many of the various types of Amish will generally speak to each other readily in the familiar "Pennsylvania Dutch" and intermingle freely in weekday or neighborly activities, even if they will not worship or engage in the rite of communion together.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Mennonite Church (MC) with more than 90 congregations in Ohio, has experienced rapid [[Acculturation|acculturation]] and general loss of plain dress in recent decades. With it has come more emphasis upon trained and salaried ministers; a general rise in the level of [[Education, Mennonite|education]]; more involvement in the [[Professions|professions]]; more participation in [[Urban Church|urban ministries]], social issues, and voting; more involvement in public high school activities; much greater diversification in [[Wymark Evangelical Mennonite Church (Wymark, Saskatchewan, Canada)|worship]] patterns; some influence from the more [[Charismatic Movement|charismatically]] oriented groups, and other changes. This was particularly true of the Ohio Conference congregations and to a somewhat lesser extent among Conservative Mennonite Conference churches. The former Ohio and Eastern Conference had developed historically into a large conglomerate that included 130 congregations in 15 states by 1972, and nearly 16,000 members by 1978. The following year the eastern wing peacefully organized into the fully autonomous [[Atlantic Coast Conference of Mennonite Church USA|Atlantic Coast Conference]]. In 1987 the [[Ohio Conference <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of Mennonite Church USA </del>|Ohio Conference of the Mennonite Church]] had 80 congregations with a membership of 11,135. All but seven of its congregations were in Ohio. A number of congregations had other affiliations—General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM), [[African American Mennonite Association|Afro-American Mennonite Association]], the loosely identified group of intentional "church communities" <em>(MC Yearbook </em>(1988-89), 31-33, and [[Concilio Nacional de Iglesias Menonitas Hispanas |Concilio Nacional de Iglesias Menonitas Hispañas]] (National Council of Hispanic Mennonite Churches).</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Mennonite Church (MC) with more than 90 congregations in Ohio, has experienced rapid [[Acculturation|acculturation]] and general loss of plain dress in recent decades. With it has come more emphasis upon trained and salaried ministers; a general rise in the level of [[Education, Mennonite|education]]; more involvement in the [[Professions|professions]]; more participation in [[Urban Church|urban ministries]], social issues, and voting; more involvement in public high school activities; much greater diversification in [[Wymark Evangelical Mennonite Church (Wymark, Saskatchewan, Canada)|worship]] patterns; some influence from the more [[Charismatic Movement|charismatically]] oriented groups, and other changes. This was particularly true of the Ohio Conference congregations and to a somewhat lesser extent among Conservative Mennonite Conference churches. The former Ohio and Eastern Conference had developed historically into a large conglomerate that included 130 congregations in 15 states by 1972, and nearly 16,000 members by 1978. The following year the eastern wing peacefully organized into the fully autonomous [[Atlantic Coast Conference of Mennonite Church USA|Atlantic Coast Conference]]. In 1987 the [[Ohio <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mennonite </ins>Conference|Ohio Conference of the Mennonite Church]] had 80 congregations with a membership of 11,135. All but seven of its congregations were in Ohio. A number of congregations had other affiliations—General Conference Mennonite Church (GCM), [[African American Mennonite Association|Afro-American Mennonite Association]], the loosely identified group of intentional "church communities" <em>(MC Yearbook </em>(1988-89), 31-33, and [[Concilio Nacional de Iglesias Menonitas Hispanas |Concilio Nacional de Iglesias Menonitas Hispañas]] (National Council of Hispanic Mennonite Churches).</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For many years the slogan "a mission outpost for every congregation" was popular in the Ohio Conference. Fifteen new mission churches were begun in Ohio in the 1950s, 12 in the 1960s, and 3 in the 1970s. Two began in the 1980s.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For many years the slogan "a mission outpost for every congregation" was popular in the Ohio Conference. Fifteen new mission churches were begun in Ohio in the 1950s, 12 in the 1960s, and 3 in the 1970s. Two began in the 1980s.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l166" >Line 166:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 166:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ohio has a half-dozen voluntary service units and nine [[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]] [[Ten Thousand Villages|Ten Thousand Villages]] and thrift shops. In 1987 [[Church Planting|church planting]] efforts were underway at Bellefontaine, Canton, Columbus, Fremont, and Grafton. Increasingly, Mennonites are involved in [[Health Services|health and human service]] facilities. Ironically, the pioneer Mennonite Home for the Aged at Rittman closed its doors in 1974, the victim of rising standards in building codes. However, whether it be private or community-based health facilities and retirement centers, such as [[Bluffton Mennonite Deaconess Home and Hospital (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Bluffton Community Hospital]], Mennonite Memorial Home at Bluffton, Green Hills at [[West Liberty (Ohio, USA)|West Liberty]], Orr Villa at Orrville, Walnut Hills at Walnut Creek, or Fairlawn Haven at [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]], Mennonites are involved at many levels. Adriel School (in earlier days the Orphan's Home or Children's Home) at West Liberty has changed focus several times. In the late 1980s, it featured residential and day treatment programs for children with learning, behavioral, or emotional problems. Other institutions were the Hattie Larlham Foundation at Mantua for children with developmental [[Disabilities|disabilities]] and the Sunshine Children's Home at Maumee. The Sunnyhaven Children's Home at Plain City was for trainable retarded children and adults.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ohio has a half-dozen voluntary service units and nine [[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]] [[Ten Thousand Villages|Ten Thousand Villages]] and thrift shops. In 1987 [[Church Planting|church planting]] efforts were underway at Bellefontaine, Canton, Columbus, Fremont, and Grafton. Increasingly, Mennonites are involved in [[Health Services|health and human service]] facilities. Ironically, the pioneer Mennonite Home for the Aged at Rittman closed its doors in 1974, the victim of rising standards in building codes. However, whether it be private or community-based health facilities and retirement centers, such as [[Bluffton Mennonite Deaconess Home and Hospital (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Bluffton Community Hospital]], Mennonite Memorial Home at Bluffton, Green Hills at [[West Liberty (Ohio, USA)|West Liberty]], Orr Villa at Orrville, Walnut Hills at Walnut Creek, or Fairlawn Haven at [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]], Mennonites are involved at many levels. Adriel School (in earlier days the Orphan's Home or Children's Home) at West Liberty has changed focus several times. In the late 1980s, it featured residential and day treatment programs for children with learning, behavioral, or emotional problems. Other institutions were the Hattie Larlham Foundation at Mantua for children with developmental [[Disabilities|disabilities]] and the Sunshine Children's Home at Maumee. The Sunnyhaven Children's Home at Plain City was for trainable retarded children and adults.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The village of Kidron became a central meeting place for several major activities involving Mennonites and Amish. The annual Ohio Mennonite [[Relief Sales|Relief Sale]] was held on the grounds of Central Christian High School and raised $200,000 per year for [[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]]. Several huge auctions of horse-drawn implements each year drew thousands of Amish and others, some from out of state, to the village. Kidron also has conference headquarters for the [[Ohio <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Conference of </del>Mennonite <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Church USA |Ohio </del>Conference <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the Mennonite Church</del>]].</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The village of Kidron became a central meeting place for several major activities involving Mennonites and Amish. The annual Ohio Mennonite [[Relief Sales|Relief Sale]] was held on the grounds of Central Christian High School and raised $200,000 per year for [[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]]. Several huge auctions of horse-drawn implements each year drew thousands of Amish and others, some from out of state, to the village. Kidron also has conference headquarters for the [[Ohio Mennonite Conference]].</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Holmes-Wayne County area has in recent decades seen a tremendous mushrooming of cottage industries and small businesses and entrepreneurs. The annual <em>Down Home Shoppers Guide: Ohio's Complete Amish Country Tour Guide </em>documented several hundred businesses that were operated by Amish or Mennonites or that cater to the "Dutch" or Amish theme. With Berlin, Walnut Creek, and Sugarcreek as hubs, [[Tourism|tourism]] has become big business.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The Holmes-Wayne County area has in recent decades seen a tremendous mushrooming of cottage industries and small businesses and entrepreneurs. The annual <em>Down Home Shoppers Guide: Ohio's Complete Amish Country Tour Guide </em>documented several hundred businesses that were operated by Amish or Mennonites or that cater to the "Dutch" or Amish theme. With Berlin, Walnut Creek, and Sugarcreek as hubs, [[Tourism|tourism]] has become big business.</div></td></tr>
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<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 174:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><strong>Conference Organs:</strong></div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><strong>Conference Organs:</strong></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><em>Ohio Evangel, </em>Ohio Conference <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">of the Mennonite Church</del>, bimonthly;</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><em>Ohio Evangel, </em>Ohio <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mennonite </ins>Conference, bimonthly;</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><em>Brotherhood Beacon, </em>Conservative Mennonite Conference, monthly.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><em>Brotherhood Beacon, </em>Conservative Mennonite Conference, monthly.</div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=175159&oldid=prevSamSteiner: Text replacement - "[[CMC (Conservative Mennonite Conference doing business as CMC)" to "[[Rosedale Network of Churches"2023-03-17T14:25:50Z<p>Text replacement - "[[CMC (Conservative Mennonite Conference doing business as CMC)" to "[[Rosedale Network of Churches"</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
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<col class="diff-content" />
<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 14:25, 17 March 2023</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l146" >Line 146:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 146:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Historic concentrations of Mennonites continued in eastern Ohio in Mahoning and [[Columbiana County (Ohio, USA)|Columbiana]] Cos., in west-central Ohio in the regions of Plain City and West Liberty, and northward around [[Elida (Ohio, USA)|Elida]] and [[Bluffton (Ohio, USA)|Bluffton]]. The northwest corner of the state has numerous Mennonite congregations in the area surrounding West Unity, [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]], and Wauseon. Brethren in Christ congregations are found primarily in the Dayton-Springfield area west of Columbus and in the Massillon-Canton area of Stark County.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Historic concentrations of Mennonites continued in eastern Ohio in Mahoning and [[Columbiana County (Ohio, USA)|Columbiana]] Cos., in west-central Ohio in the regions of Plain City and West Liberty, and northward around [[Elida (Ohio, USA)|Elida]] and [[Bluffton (Ohio, USA)|Bluffton]]. The northwest corner of the state has numerous Mennonite congregations in the area surrounding West Unity, [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]], and Wauseon. Brethren in Christ congregations are found primarily in the Dayton-Springfield area west of Columbus and in the Massillon-Canton area of Stark County.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Significant cultural changes and considerable shifting across boundary lines of some groups have occurred in the 1950s to 1908s. Hundreds of young men spent two years in [[Alternative Service (USA)|alternative service]], either [[Voluntary Service|voluntary service]] or [[I-W Service (United States)|I-W service]] in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of them worked in large metropolitan areas. Mass evangelism in the 1950s brought ferment and renewal with the Brunk tent meetings and the Christian Laymen's Tent Evangelism Association, which was based at Orrville, Ohio ([[Revivalism|revivalism]]). Numerous Amish families moved into the rapidly growing [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish Mennonite]] congregations (often known as Beachy Amish Fellowship churches) and the [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CMC (Conservative Mennonite Conference doing business as CMC)</del>|Conservative Mennonite Conference]] (MC). A few Amish joined the [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGC)|Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman). Some Conservative Mennonite Conference congregations in the 1950s and 1960s withdrew in protest against the changes occurring in that conference. They sometimes became known as "non-conference conservatives." In 1987 some are still unaffiliated but increasing numbers are moving toward or have joined the Fellowship Churches movement. Several [[Old Order Mennonites|Old Order Mennonite]] (Wisler) churches in the 1970s added Bible conferences and Bible study meetings to their program and began to move toward the Fellowship Churches affiliation, and away from their former "Wisler" ties. There are now three kinds of "Fellowship Churches" in the state—those sometimes known as "Nationwide" Fellowship, the Mid-West Mennonite Fellowship, and the [[Conservative Mennonite Fellowship |Conservative Mennonite Fellowship]]. These congregations tend to emphasize similar patterns of plain [[Dress|dress]], often have Christian day schools for their children, and operate with considerable independence.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Significant cultural changes and considerable shifting across boundary lines of some groups have occurred in the 1950s to 1908s. Hundreds of young men spent two years in [[Alternative Service (USA)|alternative service]], either [[Voluntary Service|voluntary service]] or [[I-W Service (United States)|I-W service]] in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of them worked in large metropolitan areas. Mass evangelism in the 1950s brought ferment and renewal with the Brunk tent meetings and the Christian Laymen's Tent Evangelism Association, which was based at Orrville, Ohio ([[Revivalism|revivalism]]). Numerous Amish families moved into the rapidly growing [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish Mennonite]] congregations (often known as Beachy Amish Fellowship churches) and the [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Rosedale Network of Churches</ins>|Conservative Mennonite Conference]] (MC). A few Amish joined the [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGC)|Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman). Some Conservative Mennonite Conference congregations in the 1950s and 1960s withdrew in protest against the changes occurring in that conference. They sometimes became known as "non-conference conservatives." In 1987 some are still unaffiliated but increasing numbers are moving toward or have joined the Fellowship Churches movement. Several [[Old Order Mennonites|Old Order Mennonite]] (Wisler) churches in the 1970s added Bible conferences and Bible study meetings to their program and began to move toward the Fellowship Churches affiliation, and away from their former "Wisler" ties. There are now three kinds of "Fellowship Churches" in the state—those sometimes known as "Nationwide" Fellowship, the Mid-West Mennonite Fellowship, and the [[Conservative Mennonite Fellowship |Conservative Mennonite Fellowship]]. These congregations tend to emphasize similar patterns of plain [[Dress|dress]], often have Christian day schools for their children, and operate with considerable independence.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the Beachy Amish there are several groups, the more traditional ones still using some German and not having Sunday schools. Among the Old Order Amish are a number of groups who have minor differences in dress, the application of the ban, and in their outlook on what constitutes "worldliness." In the last decade the "[[New Order Amish|New Order Amish]]" have developed. To the outsider they appear similar to the Old Order but they permit hard rubber tires on buggies and rubber-tired tractors for field use, and they make more serious attempts to keep young people in line with standards. They are considered a renewal movement. The "Schwartzentruber Amish," comprising eight congregations, are the most conservative and withdrawn of the Amish. Except where someone is under the ban, many of the various types of Amish will generally speak to each other readily in the familiar "Pennsylvania Dutch" and intermingle freely in weekday or neighborly activities, even if they will not worship or engage in the rite of communion together.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the Beachy Amish there are several groups, the more traditional ones still using some German and not having Sunday schools. Among the Old Order Amish are a number of groups who have minor differences in dress, the application of the ban, and in their outlook on what constitutes "worldliness." In the last decade the "[[New Order Amish|New Order Amish]]" have developed. To the outsider they appear similar to the Old Order but they permit hard rubber tires on buggies and rubber-tired tractors for field use, and they make more serious attempts to keep young people in line with standards. They are considered a renewal movement. The "Schwartzentruber Amish," comprising eight congregations, are the most conservative and withdrawn of the Amish. Except where someone is under the ban, many of the various types of Amish will generally speak to each other readily in the familiar "Pennsylvania Dutch" and intermingle freely in weekday or neighborly activities, even if they will not worship or engage in the rite of communion together.</div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=174671&oldid=prevAlfRedekopp: "the Indians" replaced by "the Indigenous"2023-01-26T16:40:59Z<p>"the Indians" replaced by "the Indigenous"</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:40, 26 January 2023</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l5" >Line 5:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 5:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Introduction ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== Introduction ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ohio, bounded on the north by Lake Erie, on the south by the Ohio River, on the east by [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], and on the west by [[Indiana (USA)|Indiana]], was the first state carved out of the Northwest Territory. It is part of the mid-continent area first settled by the French, who came up the Mississippi and explored its tributaries, and ceded by them in 1763 to the English. They in turn transferred it to the United Colonies in 1783. <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">The Indians </del>relinquished their claim to the Ohio lands by the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. But, encouraged by the English, they continued to make trouble for the early settlers until the end of the War of 1812.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ohio, bounded on the north by Lake Erie, on the south by the Ohio River, on the east by [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]], and on the west by [[Indiana (USA)|Indiana]], was the first state carved out of the Northwest Territory. It is part of the mid-continent area first settled by the French, who came up the Mississippi and explored its tributaries, and ceded by them in 1763 to the English. They in turn transferred it to the United Colonies in 1783. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">the Indigenous </ins>relinquished their claim to the Ohio lands by the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. But, encouraged by the English, they continued to make trouble for the early settlers until the end of the War of 1812.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first Mennonite settlers to found a congregation within the state came to [[Fairfield County (Ohio, USA)|Fairfield]] and Perry counties from [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]], Pennsylvania and Rockingham County, Virginia by way of southwestern [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] in 1799. Mennonites from [[Bucks County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Bucks County]], Pa. settled in [[Mahoning County (Ohio, USA)|Mahoning County]] in 1806 and a group from Lancaster County and Rockingham County arrived in Stark County in 1811. Amish from Somerset County, PA settled in Tuscarawas County in 1808 and others from Somerset and [[Mifflin County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Mifflin]] counties a little farther west in [[Holmes County (Ohio, USA)|Holmes County]] two years later. But until the close of the War of 1812 made the Ohio frontier comparatively safe from molestation by the <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Indians</del>, Amish and Mennonite settlements made slow growth. A short-lived settlement was begun in [[Trumbull County (Ohio, USA)|Trumbull County ]]1804-1810.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The first Mennonite settlers to found a congregation within the state came to [[Fairfield County (Ohio, USA)|Fairfield]] and Perry counties from [[Lancaster County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Lancaster County]], Pennsylvania and Rockingham County, Virginia by way of southwestern [[Pennsylvania (USA)|Pennsylvania]] in 1799. Mennonites from [[Bucks County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Bucks County]], Pa. settled in [[Mahoning County (Ohio, USA)|Mahoning County]] in 1806 and a group from Lancaster County and Rockingham County arrived in Stark County in 1811. Amish from Somerset County, PA settled in Tuscarawas County in 1808 and others from Somerset and [[Mifflin County (Pennsylvania, USA)|Mifflin]] counties a little farther west in [[Holmes County (Ohio, USA)|Holmes County]] two years later. But until the close of the War of 1812 made the Ohio frontier comparatively safe from molestation by the <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Indigenous</ins>, Amish and Mennonite settlements made slow growth. A short-lived settlement was begun in [[Trumbull County (Ohio, USA)|Trumbull County ]]1804-1810.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The two decades following the end of hostilities witnessed the founding of most of the present large flourishing congregations of Amish and Mennonites in the state, and a few now extinct:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The two decades following the end of hostilities witnessed the founding of most of the present large flourishing congregations of Amish and Mennonites in the state, and a few now extinct:</div></td></tr>
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</table>AlfRedekopphttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=173389&oldid=prevSamSteiner: Text replacement - "Conservative Mennonite Conference" to "Conservative Mennonite Conference"2022-02-22T11:56:15Z<p>Text replacement - "<a href="/index.php?title=Conservative_Mennonite_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Mennonite Conference">Conservative Mennonite Conference</a>" to "<a href="/index.php?title=CMC_(Conservative_Mennonite_Conference_doing_business_as_CMC)" class="mw-redirect" title="CMC (Conservative Mennonite Conference doing business as CMC)">Conservative Mennonite Conference</a>"</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 11:56, 22 February 2022</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l146" >Line 146:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 146:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Historic concentrations of Mennonites continued in eastern Ohio in Mahoning and [[Columbiana County (Ohio, USA)|Columbiana]] Cos., in west-central Ohio in the regions of Plain City and West Liberty, and northward around [[Elida (Ohio, USA)|Elida]] and [[Bluffton (Ohio, USA)|Bluffton]]. The northwest corner of the state has numerous Mennonite congregations in the area surrounding West Unity, [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]], and Wauseon. Brethren in Christ congregations are found primarily in the Dayton-Springfield area west of Columbus and in the Massillon-Canton area of Stark County.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Historic concentrations of Mennonites continued in eastern Ohio in Mahoning and [[Columbiana County (Ohio, USA)|Columbiana]] Cos., in west-central Ohio in the regions of Plain City and West Liberty, and northward around [[Elida (Ohio, USA)|Elida]] and [[Bluffton (Ohio, USA)|Bluffton]]. The northwest corner of the state has numerous Mennonite congregations in the area surrounding West Unity, [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]], and Wauseon. Brethren in Christ congregations are found primarily in the Dayton-Springfield area west of Columbus and in the Massillon-Canton area of Stark County.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Significant cultural changes and considerable shifting across boundary lines of some groups have occurred in the 1950s to 1908s. Hundreds of young men spent two years in [[Alternative Service (USA)|alternative service]], either [[Voluntary Service|voluntary service]] or [[I-W Service (United States)|I-W service]] in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of them worked in large metropolitan areas. Mass evangelism in the 1950s brought ferment and renewal with the Brunk tent meetings and the Christian Laymen's Tent Evangelism Association, which was based at Orrville, Ohio ([[Revivalism|revivalism]]). Numerous Amish families moved into the rapidly growing [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish Mennonite]] congregations (often known as Beachy Amish Fellowship churches) and the [[Conservative Mennonite Conference]] (MC). A few Amish joined the [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGC)|Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman). Some Conservative Mennonite Conference congregations in the 1950s and 1960s withdrew in protest against the changes occurring in that conference. They sometimes became known as "non-conference conservatives." In 1987 some are still unaffiliated but increasing numbers are moving toward or have joined the Fellowship Churches movement. Several [[Old Order Mennonites|Old Order Mennonite]] (Wisler) churches in the 1970s added Bible conferences and Bible study meetings to their program and began to move toward the Fellowship Churches affiliation, and away from their former "Wisler" ties. There are now three kinds of "Fellowship Churches" in the state—those sometimes known as "Nationwide" Fellowship, the Mid-West Mennonite Fellowship, and the [[Conservative Mennonite Fellowship |Conservative Mennonite Fellowship]]. These congregations tend to emphasize similar patterns of plain [[Dress|dress]], often have Christian day schools for their children, and operate with considerable independence.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Significant cultural changes and considerable shifting across boundary lines of some groups have occurred in the 1950s to 1908s. Hundreds of young men spent two years in [[Alternative Service (USA)|alternative service]], either [[Voluntary Service|voluntary service]] or [[I-W Service (United States)|I-W service]] in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of them worked in large metropolitan areas. Mass evangelism in the 1950s brought ferment and renewal with the Brunk tent meetings and the Christian Laymen's Tent Evangelism Association, which was based at Orrville, Ohio ([[Revivalism|revivalism]]). Numerous Amish families moved into the rapidly growing [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish Mennonite]] congregations (often known as Beachy Amish Fellowship churches) and the [[<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">CMC (Conservative Mennonite Conference doing business as CMC)|</ins>Conservative Mennonite Conference]] (MC). A few Amish joined the [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGC)|Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman). Some Conservative Mennonite Conference congregations in the 1950s and 1960s withdrew in protest against the changes occurring in that conference. They sometimes became known as "non-conference conservatives." In 1987 some are still unaffiliated but increasing numbers are moving toward or have joined the Fellowship Churches movement. Several [[Old Order Mennonites|Old Order Mennonite]] (Wisler) churches in the 1970s added Bible conferences and Bible study meetings to their program and began to move toward the Fellowship Churches affiliation, and away from their former "Wisler" ties. There are now three kinds of "Fellowship Churches" in the state—those sometimes known as "Nationwide" Fellowship, the Mid-West Mennonite Fellowship, and the [[Conservative Mennonite Fellowship |Conservative Mennonite Fellowship]]. These congregations tend to emphasize similar patterns of plain [[Dress|dress]], often have Christian day schools for their children, and operate with considerable independence.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the Beachy Amish there are several groups, the more traditional ones still using some German and not having Sunday schools. Among the Old Order Amish are a number of groups who have minor differences in dress, the application of the ban, and in their outlook on what constitutes "worldliness." In the last decade the "[[New Order Amish|New Order Amish]]" have developed. To the outsider they appear similar to the Old Order but they permit hard rubber tires on buggies and rubber-tired tractors for field use, and they make more serious attempts to keep young people in line with standards. They are considered a renewal movement. The "Schwartzentruber Amish," comprising eight congregations, are the most conservative and withdrawn of the Amish. Except where someone is under the ban, many of the various types of Amish will generally speak to each other readily in the familiar "Pennsylvania Dutch" and intermingle freely in weekday or neighborly activities, even if they will not worship or engage in the rite of communion together.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the Beachy Amish there are several groups, the more traditional ones still using some German and not having Sunday schools. Among the Old Order Amish are a number of groups who have minor differences in dress, the application of the ban, and in their outlook on what constitutes "worldliness." In the last decade the "[[New Order Amish|New Order Amish]]" have developed. To the outsider they appear similar to the Old Order but they permit hard rubber tires on buggies and rubber-tired tractors for field use, and they make more serious attempts to keep young people in line with standards. They are considered a renewal movement. The "Schwartzentruber Amish," comprising eight congregations, are the most conservative and withdrawn of the Amish. Except where someone is under the ban, many of the various types of Amish will generally speak to each other readily in the familiar "Pennsylvania Dutch" and intermingle freely in weekday or neighborly activities, even if they will not worship or engage in the rite of communion together.</div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=173198&oldid=prevSamSteiner: Text replacement - "Conservative Mennonite Conference" to "Conservative Mennonite Conference"2022-02-21T13:05:15Z<p>Text replacement - "<a href="/index.php?title=Conservative_Mennonite_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Mennonite Conference">Conservative Mennonite Conference</a>" to "<a href="/index.php?title=Conservative_Mennonite_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Mennonite Conference">Conservative Mennonite Conference</a>"</p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:05, 21 February 2022</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l146" >Line 146:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 146:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Historic concentrations of Mennonites continued in eastern Ohio in Mahoning and [[Columbiana County (Ohio, USA)|Columbiana]] Cos., in west-central Ohio in the regions of Plain City and West Liberty, and northward around [[Elida (Ohio, USA)|Elida]] and [[Bluffton (Ohio, USA)|Bluffton]]. The northwest corner of the state has numerous Mennonite congregations in the area surrounding West Unity, [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]], and Wauseon. Brethren in Christ congregations are found primarily in the Dayton-Springfield area west of Columbus and in the Massillon-Canton area of Stark County.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Historic concentrations of Mennonites continued in eastern Ohio in Mahoning and [[Columbiana County (Ohio, USA)|Columbiana]] Cos., in west-central Ohio in the regions of Plain City and West Liberty, and northward around [[Elida (Ohio, USA)|Elida]] and [[Bluffton (Ohio, USA)|Bluffton]]. The northwest corner of the state has numerous Mennonite congregations in the area surrounding West Unity, [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]], and Wauseon. Brethren in Christ congregations are found primarily in the Dayton-Springfield area west of Columbus and in the Massillon-Canton area of Stark County.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Significant cultural changes and considerable shifting across boundary lines of some groups have occurred in the 1950s to 1908s. Hundreds of young men spent two years in [[Alternative Service (USA)|alternative service]], either [[Voluntary Service|voluntary service]] or [[I-W Service (United States)|I-W service]] in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of them worked in large metropolitan areas. Mass evangelism in the 1950s brought ferment and renewal with the Brunk tent meetings and the Christian Laymen's Tent Evangelism Association, which was based at Orrville, Ohio ([[Revivalism|revivalism]]). Numerous Amish families moved into the rapidly growing [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish Mennonite]] congregations (often known as Beachy Amish Fellowship churches) and the [[<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Conservative Mennonite Conference|</del>Conservative Mennonite Conference]] (MC). A few Amish joined the [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGC)|Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman). Some Conservative Mennonite Conference congregations in the 1950s and 1960s withdrew in protest against the changes occurring in that conference. They sometimes became known as "non-conference conservatives." In 1987 some are still unaffiliated but increasing numbers are moving toward or have joined the Fellowship Churches movement. Several [[Old Order Mennonites|Old Order Mennonite]] (Wisler) churches in the 1970s added Bible conferences and Bible study meetings to their program and began to move toward the Fellowship Churches affiliation, and away from their former "Wisler" ties. There are now three kinds of "Fellowship Churches" in the state—those sometimes known as "Nationwide" Fellowship, the Mid-West Mennonite Fellowship, and the [[Conservative Mennonite Fellowship |Conservative Mennonite Fellowship]]. These congregations tend to emphasize similar patterns of plain [[Dress|dress]], often have Christian day schools for their children, and operate with considerable independence.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Significant cultural changes and considerable shifting across boundary lines of some groups have occurred in the 1950s to 1908s. Hundreds of young men spent two years in [[Alternative Service (USA)|alternative service]], either [[Voluntary Service|voluntary service]] or [[I-W Service (United States)|I-W service]] in the 1950s and 1960s. Most of them worked in large metropolitan areas. Mass evangelism in the 1950s brought ferment and renewal with the Brunk tent meetings and the Christian Laymen's Tent Evangelism Association, which was based at Orrville, Ohio ([[Revivalism|revivalism]]). Numerous Amish families moved into the rapidly growing [[Beachy Amish Mennonite Fellowship|Beachy Amish Mennonite]] congregations (often known as Beachy Amish Fellowship churches) and the [[Conservative Mennonite Conference]] (MC). A few Amish joined the [[Church of God in Christ, Mennonite (CGC)|Church of God in Christ, Mennonite]] (Holdeman). Some Conservative Mennonite Conference congregations in the 1950s and 1960s withdrew in protest against the changes occurring in that conference. They sometimes became known as "non-conference conservatives." In 1987 some are still unaffiliated but increasing numbers are moving toward or have joined the Fellowship Churches movement. Several [[Old Order Mennonites|Old Order Mennonite]] (Wisler) churches in the 1970s added Bible conferences and Bible study meetings to their program and began to move toward the Fellowship Churches affiliation, and away from their former "Wisler" ties. There are now three kinds of "Fellowship Churches" in the state—those sometimes known as "Nationwide" Fellowship, the Mid-West Mennonite Fellowship, and the [[Conservative Mennonite Fellowship |Conservative Mennonite Fellowship]]. These congregations tend to emphasize similar patterns of plain [[Dress|dress]], often have Christian day schools for their children, and operate with considerable independence.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the Beachy Amish there are several groups, the more traditional ones still using some German and not having Sunday schools. Among the Old Order Amish are a number of groups who have minor differences in dress, the application of the ban, and in their outlook on what constitutes "worldliness." In the last decade the "[[New Order Amish|New Order Amish]]" have developed. To the outsider they appear similar to the Old Order but they permit hard rubber tires on buggies and rubber-tired tractors for field use, and they make more serious attempts to keep young people in line with standards. They are considered a renewal movement. The "Schwartzentruber Amish," comprising eight congregations, are the most conservative and withdrawn of the Amish. Except where someone is under the ban, many of the various types of Amish will generally speak to each other readily in the familiar "Pennsylvania Dutch" and intermingle freely in weekday or neighborly activities, even if they will not worship or engage in the rite of communion together.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Among the Beachy Amish there are several groups, the more traditional ones still using some German and not having Sunday schools. Among the Old Order Amish are a number of groups who have minor differences in dress, the application of the ban, and in their outlook on what constitutes "worldliness." In the last decade the "[[New Order Amish|New Order Amish]]" have developed. To the outsider they appear similar to the Old Order but they permit hard rubber tires on buggies and rubber-tired tractors for field use, and they make more serious attempts to keep young people in line with standards. They are considered a renewal movement. The "Schwartzentruber Amish," comprising eight congregations, are the most conservative and withdrawn of the Amish. Except where someone is under the ban, many of the various types of Amish will generally speak to each other readily in the familiar "Pennsylvania Dutch" and intermingle freely in weekday or neighborly activities, even if they will not worship or engage in the rite of communion together.</div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=172185&oldid=prevSamSteiner at 13:35, 18 August 20212021-08-18T13:35:32Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
<col class="diff-marker" />
<col class="diff-content" />
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<tr class="diff-title" lang="en">
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 13:35, 18 August 2021</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l94" >Line 94:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 94:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== The Alsatian Amish in Fulton and Williams Counties ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== The Alsatian Amish in Fulton and Williams Counties ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 1834 an entirely new immigration of Amish direct from Europe founded what has now become a veritable cluster of churches (MC) in Fulton and Williams counties in northwestern Ohio, one of the most prosperous agricultural sections of the state. Coming from [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] and [[Montbéliard (Doubs, Franche-Comté, France)|Montbéliard ]]many of them spoke and wrote both French and German. Of a different cultural background from the older Amish congregations in the state and of sufficient numerical strength to be self-dependent, they avoided close organizational ties with their American brethren but co-operated with them in a general way in conference activities. Until well into the 20th century the groups worshiping at their three meetinghouses—[[Central Mennonite Church (Archbold, Ohio, USA)|Central]], [[Lockport Mennonite Church (Stryker, Ohio, USA)|Lockport]], and [[West Clinton Mennonite Church (Wauseon, Ohio, USA)|West Clinton]]—were considered as one congregation with Elias B. Frey as their bishop and his brother, Jacob Frey, deacon. The rather large number of ministers preached at the different meetinghouses in rotation. The three congregations became separate organizations each with their own bishop and church organization. In addition to these three, by the 1950s there were now five other congregations: Lost Creek, Pine Grove, Tedrow, Zion, and [[North Clinton Mennonite Church (Wauseon, Ohio, USA)|North Clinton]], each with its own church building and pastor, besides four mission outposts with a combined membership of 72. The total membership of the 8 congregations and their 4 mission stations in 1958 was over 1900. These congregations were members of the Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC). The original Amish congregations in this general area lost members to two other Mennonite conferences. The [[Reformed Mennonite Church|Reformed Mennonite Church]] established a congregation near [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]] in 1852, erected the Lauber Hill meetinghouse in 1864, and in 1958 had a membership of 71. The [[Fellowship of Evangelical Churches|Evangelical Mennonite Church]], formerly known as the Egli Amish and later as the Defenseless Mennonites, organized a congregation in [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]] in 1870 and in 1958 maintained two thriving congregations at Archbold and at [[Wauseon Evangelical Mennonite Church (Wauseon, Ohio, USA)|Wauseon]] with a combined membership of 650.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 1834 an entirely new immigration of Amish direct from Europe founded what has now become a veritable cluster of churches (MC) in Fulton and Williams counties in northwestern Ohio, one of the most prosperous agricultural sections of the state. Coming from [[Alsace (France)|Alsace]] and [[Montbéliard (Doubs, Franche-Comté, France)|Montbéliard ]]many of them spoke and wrote both French and German. Of a different cultural background from the older Amish congregations in the state and of sufficient numerical strength to be self-dependent, they avoided close organizational ties with their American brethren but co-operated with them in a general way in conference activities. Until well into the 20th century the groups worshiping at their three meetinghouses—[[Central Mennonite Church (Archbold, Ohio, USA)|Central]], [[Lockport Mennonite Church (Stryker, Ohio, USA)|Lockport]], and [[West Clinton Mennonite Church (Wauseon, Ohio, USA)|West Clinton]]—were considered as one congregation with Elias B. Frey as their bishop and his brother, Jacob Frey, deacon. The rather large number of ministers preached at the different meetinghouses in rotation. The three congregations became separate organizations each with their own bishop and church organization. In addition to these three, by the 1950s there were now five other congregations: Lost Creek, Pine Grove, <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Tedrow <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mennonite Church (Wauseon, Ohio, USA)|Tedrow]]</ins>, Zion, and [[North Clinton Mennonite Church (Wauseon, Ohio, USA)|North Clinton]], each with its own church building and pastor, besides four mission outposts with a combined membership of 72. The total membership of the 8 congregations and their 4 mission stations in 1958 was over 1900. These congregations were members of the Ohio and Eastern Mennonite Conference (MC). The original Amish congregations in this general area lost members to two other Mennonite conferences. The [[Reformed Mennonite Church|Reformed Mennonite Church]] established a congregation near [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]] in 1852, erected the Lauber Hill meetinghouse in 1864, and in 1958 had a membership of 71. The [[Fellowship of Evangelical Churches|Evangelical Mennonite Church]], formerly known as the Egli Amish and later as the Defenseless Mennonites, organized a congregation in [[Archbold (Ohio, USA)|Archbold]] in 1870 and in 1958 maintained two thriving congregations at Archbold and at [[Wauseon Evangelical Mennonite Church (Wauseon, Ohio, USA)|Wauseon]] with a combined membership of 650.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ohio Mennonites developed the following institutions by the mid-20th century: [[Bluffton University (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Bluffton College]] (GCM, known as [[Central Mennonite College (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Central Mennonite College]] 1898-1913); [[Orphans' Home (West Liberty, Ohio, USA)|Orphans' Home]] (MC, 1896) at [[West Liberty (Ohio, USA)|West Liberty]], since 1957 called [[Adriel School (West Liberty, Ohio, USA)|Adriel School]]; [[Mennonite Old People's Home (Rittman, Ohio, USA)|Home for the Aged]] (MC, 1901) near Rittman; Mennonite Memorial Home (GCM, 1945) near Bluffton; Camp Luz (MC, 1953) near Orrville. -- ''John S. Umble''</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Ohio Mennonites developed the following institutions by the mid-20th century: [[Bluffton University (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Bluffton College]] (GCM, known as [[Central Mennonite College (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Central Mennonite College]] 1898-1913); [[Orphans' Home (West Liberty, Ohio, USA)|Orphans' Home]] (MC, 1896) at [[West Liberty (Ohio, USA)|West Liberty]], since 1957 called [[Adriel School (West Liberty, Ohio, USA)|Adriel School]]; [[Mennonite Old People's Home (Rittman, Ohio, USA)|Home for the Aged]] (MC, 1901) near Rittman; Mennonite Memorial Home (GCM, 1945) near Bluffton; Camp Luz (MC, 1953) near Orrville. -- ''John S. Umble''</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l293" >Line 293:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 293:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| 29a. [[Stoner Heights Mennonite Church (Louisville, Ohio, USA)|Stoner Heights]] || [[Louisville (Ohio, USA)|Louisville]]</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| 29a. [[Stoner Heights Mennonite Church (Louisville, Ohio, USA)|Stoner Heights]] || [[Louisville (Ohio, USA)|Louisville]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|- </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|- </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| 30. Tedrow || Tedrow</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| 30. <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Tedrow <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">Mennonite Church (Wauseon, Ohio, USA)|Tedrow]] </ins>|| Tedrow</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|- </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|- </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| 31. [[Turkey Run Mennonite Church (Bremen, Ohio, USA)|Turkey Run]] || Bremen</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>| 31. [[Turkey Run Mennonite Church (Bremen, Ohio, USA)|Turkey Run]] || Bremen</div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=170057&oldid=prevSamSteiner at 11:11, 24 February 20212021-02-24T11:11:03Z<p></p>
<a href="https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=170057&oldid=167214">Show changes</a>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=167214&oldid=prevSamSteiner at 15:41, 3 April 20202020-04-03T15:41:09Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 15:41, 3 April 2020</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l11" >Line 11:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 11:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The two decades following the end of hostilities witnessed the founding of most of the present large flourishing congregations of Amish and Mennonites in the state, and a few now extinct:</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The two decades following the end of hostilities witnessed the founding of most of the present large flourishing congregations of Amish and Mennonites in the state, and a few now extinct:</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| align="center" class="<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">vertical listing</del>" style="text-align: left;" </div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{| align="center" class="<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">wikitable</ins>" style="text-align: left;" </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>! Date of Founding !! Location !! Origin</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>! Date of Founding !! Location !! Origin</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|- </div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|- </div></td></tr>
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</table>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=167185&oldid=prevSamSteiner: wikified tables2020-04-03T10:10:22Z<p>wikified tables</p>
<a href="https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=167185&oldid=140999">Show changes</a>SamSteinerhttps://gameo.org/index.php?title=Ohio_(USA)&diff=140999&oldid=prevRichardThiessen at 16:32, 17 November 20162016-11-17T16:32:05Z<p></p>
<table class="diff diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 16:32, 17 November 2016</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l70" >Line 70:</td>
<td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 70:</td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== The Swiss Mennonites ===</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>=== The Swiss Mennonites ===</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'>−</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Two Swiss Mennonites from the [[Jura Mountains|Jura Mountain]] area in Switzerland arrived in Green Township, Wayne County, and united with the [[Oak Grove Mennonite Church (Smithville, Wayne County, Ohio, USA)|Oak Grove Amish]] congregation in 1818, but in the next year a number of their friends arrived and after a brief period of prospecting decided to settle in the rolling hills of Paint Township several miles farther south. Here during the next few years they were joined by friends from the Jura and founded the strong Sonnenberg congregation. In 1825 others from the same region in Switzerland founded another settlement several miles farther north. For some time the two settlements were considered parts of the same congregation. Each built its own meetinghouse and the northern group ([[Crown Hill Mennonite Church (Rittman, Ohio, USA)|Crown Hill]]) eventually joined the Ohio Conference (Mennonite Church). The Sonnenberg congregation, long independent and without conference affiliation, owed its conservative attitude to the firm but beneficent administration of its bishop, Christian Sommer (1811-1891). As early as 1879 he severed all connection with the other Swiss Mennonite congregations in western Ohio and eastern Indiana because, he asserted, they had left their early pattern of simple life and faith. In 1886 a few members withdrew under the influence of the Wadsworth Mennonite School group to found the Salem Mennonite Church <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">near by</del>. In 1893-1894 the "Russellite" heresy led several members away from Sonnenberg. During [[World War (1914-1918)|World War I]] when several young men who had been attending [[Bluffton University (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Bluffton College]] enlisted for military service with the support of the Salem congregation, the pastor and a group of supporters left Salem and founded the Kidron Tabernacle congregation. After 1926 the ministers of the Sonnenberg group worked more and more with the Ohio and Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference. The transition from German to English was not begun until the third decade of the 20th century and then only after a severe struggle. In 1936 more than three fifths of the 500 members of the Sonnenberg congregation withdrew to found the [[Kidron Mennonite Church (Kidron, Ohio, USA)|Kidron Mennonite Church]] (MC), 1958 membership 484. The original Sonnenberg congregation was admitted to the [[Virginia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Virginia Mennonite Conference]] (MC), 1958 membership 174. About 40 members withdrew from the Sonnenberg congregation to found the independent [[Bethel Mennonite Church (Apple Creek, Ohio, USA)|Bethel congregation]] at [[Apple Creek (Ohio, USA)|Apple Creek]], 1958 membership 49.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'>+</td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Two Swiss Mennonites from the [[Jura Mountains|Jura Mountain]] area in Switzerland arrived in Green Township, Wayne County, and united with the [[Oak Grove Mennonite Church (Smithville, Wayne County, Ohio, USA)|Oak Grove Amish]] congregation in 1818, but in the next year a number of their friends arrived and after a brief period of prospecting decided to settle in the rolling hills of Paint Township several miles farther south. Here during the next few years they were joined by friends from the Jura and founded the strong Sonnenberg congregation. In 1825 others from the same region in Switzerland founded another settlement several miles farther north. For some time the two settlements were considered parts of the same congregation. Each built its own meetinghouse and the northern group ([[Crown Hill Mennonite Church (Rittman, Ohio, USA)|Crown Hill]]) eventually joined the Ohio Conference (Mennonite Church). The Sonnenberg congregation, long independent and without conference affiliation, owed its conservative attitude to the firm but beneficent administration of its bishop, Christian Sommer (1811-1891). As early as 1879 he severed all connection with the other Swiss Mennonite congregations in western Ohio and eastern Indiana because, he asserted, they had left their early pattern of simple life and faith. In 1886 a few members withdrew under the influence of the Wadsworth Mennonite School group to found the Salem Mennonite Church <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">nearby</ins>. In 1893-1894 the "Russellite" heresy led several members away from Sonnenberg. During [[World War (1914-1918)|World War I]] when several young men who had been attending [[Bluffton University (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Bluffton College]] enlisted for military service with the support of the Salem congregation, the pastor and a group of supporters left Salem and founded the Kidron Tabernacle congregation. After 1926 the ministers of the Sonnenberg group worked more and more with the Ohio and Eastern Amish Mennonite Conference. The transition from German to English was not begun until the third decade of the 20th century and then only after a severe struggle. In 1936 more than three fifths of the 500 members of the Sonnenberg congregation withdrew to found the [[Kidron Mennonite Church (Kidron, Ohio, USA)|Kidron Mennonite Church]] (MC), 1958 membership 484. The original Sonnenberg congregation was admitted to the [[Virginia Mennonite Conference (Mennonite Church USA)|Virginia Mennonite Conference]] (MC), 1958 membership 174. About 40 members withdrew from the Sonnenberg congregation to found the independent [[Bethel Mennonite Church (Apple Creek, Ohio, USA)|Bethel congregation]] at [[Apple Creek (Ohio, USA)|Apple Creek]], 1958 membership 49.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"></td></tr>
<tr><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 1833 friends of the Sonnenberg group began a Swiss Mennonite settlement in Putnam and Allen counties, Ohio. Located in a rich agricultural region, the original Swiss settlement by the mid-1950s consisted of four congregations: [[Ebenezer Mennonite Church (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Ebenezer]], St. Johns, Grace in Pandora, and the [[First Mennonite Church (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|First Mennonite Church]] in Bluffton. Under the able, progressive administration of their bishop, [[Moser, John (1826-1908)|John Moser]], during the latter half of the 19th century, these congregations have made phenomenal growth. Their combined membership in 1958 was 1,670. Extremely plain in their general cultural pattern, they came under the influence of the [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth Mennonite School]] during the 1870's and laid aside many of the marks of their earlier Swiss culture, but were able to do so without serious internal difficulty. In 1848 a former Swiss Mennonite, John Thut, who had been ordained to the ministry in the Kolbs congregation in [[Holmes County (Ohio, USA)|Holmes County]], settled in the neighborhood. But because this congregation did not practice foot washing he withdrew from them and founded the Riley Creek congregation (later [[Zion Mennonite Church (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Zion Mennonite Church]]). After his death one of the ministers with more than half of the congregation withdrew to found a Defenseless Mennonite (now [[Fellowship of Evangelical Churches|Evangelical Mennonite]]) congregation, 1958 membership 62. After a difficult period of rehabilitation the Zion congregation became a vital force in the educational, missionary, and charitable organizations of the Mennonite Church (MC). It was the home of Menno S. and Albert J. Steiner. Some of its members helped to organize the congregation at [[New Stark Mennonite Church (New Stark, Ohio, USA)|New Stark]] in adjoining Hancock County, the home of [[Blosser, John (1855-1921)|John Blosser]], first president of the [[Mennonite Board of Education (Mennonite Church)|Mennonite Board of Education]]. The Zion congregation was reabsorbed by the First Mennonite Church of Bluffton in 1925 and the church building razed.</div></td><td class='diff-marker'> </td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Beginning in 1833 friends of the Sonnenberg group began a Swiss Mennonite settlement in Putnam and Allen counties, Ohio. Located in a rich agricultural region, the original Swiss settlement by the mid-1950s consisted of four congregations: [[Ebenezer Mennonite Church (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Ebenezer]], St. Johns, Grace in Pandora, and the [[First Mennonite Church (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|First Mennonite Church]] in Bluffton. Under the able, progressive administration of their bishop, [[Moser, John (1826-1908)|John Moser]], during the latter half of the 19th century, these congregations have made phenomenal growth. Their combined membership in 1958 was 1,670. Extremely plain in their general cultural pattern, they came under the influence of the [[Wadsworth Mennonite School (Wadsworth, Ohio, USA)|Wadsworth Mennonite School]] during the 1870's and laid aside many of the marks of their earlier Swiss culture, but were able to do so without serious internal difficulty. In 1848 a former Swiss Mennonite, John Thut, who had been ordained to the ministry in the Kolbs congregation in [[Holmes County (Ohio, USA)|Holmes County]], settled in the neighborhood. But because this congregation did not practice foot washing he withdrew from them and founded the Riley Creek congregation (later [[Zion Mennonite Church (Bluffton, Ohio, USA)|Zion Mennonite Church]]). After his death one of the ministers with more than half of the congregation withdrew to found a Defenseless Mennonite (now [[Fellowship of Evangelical Churches|Evangelical Mennonite]]) congregation, 1958 membership 62. After a difficult period of rehabilitation the Zion congregation became a vital force in the educational, missionary, and charitable organizations of the Mennonite Church (MC). It was the home of Menno S. and Albert J. Steiner. Some of its members helped to organize the congregation at [[New Stark Mennonite Church (New Stark, Ohio, USA)|New Stark]] in adjoining Hancock County, the home of [[Blosser, John (1855-1921)|John Blosser]], first president of the [[Mennonite Board of Education (Mennonite Church)|Mennonite Board of Education]]. The Zion congregation was reabsorbed by the First Mennonite Church of Bluffton in 1925 and the church building razed.</div></td></tr>
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</table>RichardThiessen