Difference between revisions of "Argentina"

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==Introduction==  
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== Introduction ==  
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[[File:Argentina_map.gif|300px|thumb|right|''Argentina. CIA World Factbook map, 2005 '']]
+
[[File:Argentina_map.gif|250px|thumb|left|''Argentina. CIA World Factbook map, 2005 '']]
 +
[[File:Argentina1.jpg|271px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LocationArgentina.svg Wikipedia Commons]'']]
 
The Argentine Republic is a Spanish-speaking republic on the Atlantic side of the Andes in the southern part of [[South America|South America]] and is bordered by [[Chile|Chile]] to the west and south, [[Bolivia|Bolivia]] and [[Paraguay|Paraguay]] to the north, and [[Brazil|Brazil]] and [[Uruguay|Uruguay]] to the northeast. With an area of 2,766,890 km<sup>2</sup> (1,068,302 sq. mi.) and an estimated population in 2012 of 41,281,631, it is, next to [[Brazil|Brazil]], the second-largest country in South America.
 
The Argentine Republic is a Spanish-speaking republic on the Atlantic side of the Andes in the southern part of [[South America|South America]] and is bordered by [[Chile|Chile]] to the west and south, [[Bolivia|Bolivia]] and [[Paraguay|Paraguay]] to the north, and [[Brazil|Brazil]] and [[Uruguay|Uruguay]] to the northeast. With an area of 2,766,890 km<sup>2</sup> (1,068,302 sq. mi.) and an estimated population in 2012 of 41,281,631, it is, next to [[Brazil|Brazil]], the second-largest country in South America.
  
Line 11: Line 12:
 
In 2010, 92.1% of Argentines were Christian (the vast majority being Roman Catholic), 3.1% Agnostic, 1.9% Muslim, 1.3% Jewish, 0.9% atheist, and 0.9% Buddhist and others.
 
In 2010, 92.1% of Argentines were Christian (the vast majority being Roman Catholic), 3.1% Agnostic, 1.9% Muslim, 1.3% Jewish, 0.9% atheist, and 0.9% Buddhist and others.
  
−
        [[File:Argentina1.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LocationArgentina.svg Wikipedia Commons]'']]  [[File:Argentina2.jpg|300px|thumb|right|''Source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LocationArgentina.svg Wikipedia Commons]'']]    <h3>1955 Article</h3> North American Mennonite missionaries ([[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church (MC)]]) first entered the country in 1917 (see [[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina|Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina]]), locating in the territory 50-150 miles (80-240 km) west of [[Buenos Aires (Argentina)|Buenos Aires]], which became the heart of the Mennonite mission enterprise there. Work was established at Cosquin in the province of Cordoba in 1935, among the Indians in the far north Chaco territory in 1943, and in the capital city of Buenos Aires in 1949. The North American staff of the mission has averaged twenty to twenty-five people, with a church membership of 745 in 1953. The church organ was <em>[[Voz Menonita, La (Periodical)|La Voz Menonita]] </em>(1932-1961).
+
== 1955 Article ==
 +
North American Mennonite missionaries ([[Mennonite Church (MC)|Mennonite Church (MC)]]) first entered the country in 1917 (see [[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina|Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina]]), locating in the territory 50-150 miles (80-240 km) west of [[Buenos Aires (Argentina)|Buenos Aires]], which became the heart of the Mennonite mission enterprise there. Work was established at Cosquin in the province of Cordoba in 1935, among the Indigenous in the far north Chaco territory in 1943, and in the capital city of Buenos Aires in 1949. The North American staff of the mission has averaged twenty to twenty-five people, with a church membership of 745 in 1953. The church organ was <em>[[Voz Menonita, La (Periodical)|La Voz Menonita]] </em>(1932-1961).
  
 
In 1948 about 150 Russian Mennonites forsook the transport en route from [[Germany|Germany]] to [[Paraguay|Paraguay]] while it was temporarily stalled in Buenos Aires, and settled largely in the city and its environs as day-laborers. Additions to the group from Paraguay after that time increased the total of Russian Mennonites in the country to over four hundred. Since the group lacked all church privileges, the [[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]], at the request of the various interested Mennonite mission boards of North America, established a religious and social center in the city in 1949, at first under the direction of [[Litwiller, Nelson (1898-1986)|Bishop Nelson Litwiller]] of the Argentine Mennonite Mission, but after 1950 under the direction of the minister [[Durksen, Martin (1919-1995)|Martin Durksen]], formerly of Paraguay.
 
In 1948 about 150 Russian Mennonites forsook the transport en route from [[Germany|Germany]] to [[Paraguay|Paraguay]] while it was temporarily stalled in Buenos Aires, and settled largely in the city and its environs as day-laborers. Additions to the group from Paraguay after that time increased the total of Russian Mennonites in the country to over four hundred. Since the group lacked all church privileges, the [[Mennonite Central Committee (International)|Mennonite Central Committee]], at the request of the various interested Mennonite mission boards of North America, established a religious and social center in the city in 1949, at first under the direction of [[Litwiller, Nelson (1898-1986)|Bishop Nelson Litwiller]] of the Argentine Mennonite Mission, but after 1950 under the direction of the minister [[Durksen, Martin (1919-1995)|Martin Durksen]], formerly of Paraguay.
  
 
The Mennonite Bible School at Bragado, F.C.O., the Spanish training school of the Argentine Mennonite Mission, sought to serve not only the mission's own needs in Argentina, but also the Spanish training needs of the Paraguayan Mennonites.
 
The Mennonite Bible School at Bragado, F.C.O., the Spanish training school of the Argentine Mennonite Mission, sought to serve not only the mission's own needs in Argentina, but also the Spanish training needs of the Paraguayan Mennonites.
 +
== 1960s to 1990s ==
 +
Political life in Argentina in the 1960s and 1970s was marked by political authoritarianism and military dictatorship. But the Roman Catholic church was beginning to move in the opposite direction, towards ecumenism, social justice, structural change and liberation, in response to reforming currents spreading from the Second Vatican Council.
  
−
<hr/> <h3>2013 Update</h3> In 2012 the following Anabaptist groups were active in Argentina:<span class="highlightedSearchTerm"></span>
+
The Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina (IEMA; Argentine Evangelical Mennonite Church) extended its work in Buenos Aires in the 1960s and also established mission work in the province of Río Negro. Extending the presence of Mennonite churches into Patagonia was contemplated already in 1959. An exploratory trip in 1963 led eventually to the city of Choele Choel being chosen as a good place to begin establishing a church, located as it was in the center of an agricultural area on the Río Negro river. By 1974 there were 17 families relating to the church there.
  
−
<div align="center"> <table class="vertical listing">  <tr> <th>Denomination
+
The IEMA's assembly in 1971 set a new organizational direction for the denomination. It ended the office of bishop, with pastoral functions assumed by secretaries of the different national zones, and a new confession of faith was approved. The role of missionaries also came up for discussion. Some thought that it would be best if the missionaries would focus on education, music, and leadership formation. Others were of the opinion that missionaries, by definition, should dedicate themselves to missions. Coloring these discussions was a new economic reality. In October 1970, the secretary of the Mennonite Board of Missions in the USA announced that financial support by the mission for pastoral work would be reduced to zero over a period of five years.
  
−
</th> <th>Membership
+
The movement of the Spirit in Argentina had different sources. On the one hand there was the preaching and speaking in tongues in the ministry of the Pentecostal pastor Juan Carlos Ortiz at the end of the 1960s, which shook up Protestantism in Argentina. On the other hand, the charismatic movement which began to revive the Argentine churches of the Free Brothers (''Hermanos Libres''), such in the case of pastors Alberto Darling and Jorge Himitian, and the case of the Baptist pastor Alberto Motessi in the 1970s, had a direct influence also in Mennonite churches. An important leader of the Mennonite church in Argentina, Nelson Litwiller, was also influenced by the charismatic renewal in the USA. In 1974 the IEMA counted 1,136 baptized members in 31 different churches.
  
−
in 2009</th> <th>Congregations
+
In Argentina the military dictatorship and its “dirty war” of clandestine disappearances of civilians of the 1970s and early 1980s came to an end in 1983, following Argentina’s defeat by Great Britain in the Falklands/Malvinas war. The country subsequently moved to democratically elected civilian governments. Economic difficulties accompanied by large debt followed. Argentina followed International Monetary Fund policies by cutting funding to health and education and at the same time privatizing national resources. The results were not positive. The Argentine economy completely collapsed in 2001, and the country defaulted on its international loans. By the next year, an estimated 60 percent of Argentineans were living below the poverty line. -- Jaime Prieto Valladares
 +
== 2020 Update ==
 +
From 1989 to 2019 the IEMA reorganized into four regions, each one with its own organization, leadership, meetings and activities. In 2020 the following Anabaptist groups, including IEMA, were active in Argentina:
  
−
in 2009</th> <th>Membership
+
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto"
 +
|-
 +
!Denomination
 +
!Membership<br />
 +
in 2009
 +
!Congregations<br />
 +
in 2009
 +
!Membership<br />
 +
in 2012
 +
!Congregations<br />
 +
in 2012
 +
!Membership<br />
 +
in 2020
 +
!Congregations<br />
 +
in 2020
 +
|-
 +
|[[Alianza Evangélica Menonita de la Argentina (Buenos Aires, Argentina)|Alianza Evangélica Menonita]]
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |42
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |38
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |33
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |1
 +
|-
 +
|Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,<br />Colonia del Norte
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |350
 +
| 
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |480
 +
|
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,<br />Colonia El Algarrobal
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
| 
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|
 +
|style="text-align: right;" | 14
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,<br />Colonia Las Delicias
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
| 
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|
 +
|style="text-align: right;" | 292
 +
|tyle="text-align: right;"  | 
 +
|-
 +
|Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,<br />Colonia Pampa de los Guanacos
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |630
 +
| 
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |360
 +
|
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |376
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,<br />Colonia Neuva Esperanza
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |600
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |2
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |600
 +
|
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |672
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church,<br />Argentina
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|
 +
|style="text-align: right;" | 15
 +
|style="text-align: right;" | 1
 +
|-
 +
|[[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina|Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina]]
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |3,900
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |57
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |3,200
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |75
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |2,345
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |79
 +
|-
 +
|Iglesia Hermanos en Cristo, Argentina
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |
 +
|
 +
|style="text-align: right;" | 75
 +
|style="text-align: right;" | 2
 +
|-
 +
|'''Total'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''5,522'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''60'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''4,678'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''76'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''3,822'''
 +
|style="text-align: right;" |'''83'''
 +
|}
  
−
in 2012</th> <th>Congregations
+
= Bibliography =
−
 
+
"Argentina." Mennonite World Conference. Web. 28 April 2020. https://mwc-cmm.org/mwc_map/country/1010.
−
in 2012</th> </tr>  <tr> <td>[[Alianza Evangélica Menonita de la Argentina|Alianza Evangélica Menonita]]
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">42</td> <td align="right">1</td> <td style="text-align: right;">38</td> <td style="text-align: right;">1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde, Colonia del Norte
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">350</td> <td align="right"> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">480</td> <td>
 
−
 
 
−
</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde, Colonia Pampa de los Guanacos
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">630</td> <td align="right"> </td> <td style="text-align: right;">360</td> <td>
 
  
−
</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde "Neuva Esperanza"
+
Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America &amp; The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010. [Broken link].
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">600</td> <td align="right">2</td> <td style="text-align: right;">600</td> <td>
 
−
 
 
−
</td> </tr> <tr> <td>[[Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina|Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina]]
 
−
 
 
−
</td> <td align="right">3,900</td> <td align="right">57</td> <td style="text-align: right;">3,200</td> <td style="text-align: right;">75</td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong>Total</strong></td> <td align="right"><strong>5,522</strong></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><strong>60</strong></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><strong>4,678</strong></td> <td style="text-align: right;"><strong>76</strong></td> </tr>  </table> </div>
 
−
= Bibliography =
 
−
Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America &amp; The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010. [http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members 2009/Latin America &amp; the Caribbean Summary.doc http://www.mwc-cmm.org/en15/files/Members 2009/Latin America &amp; the Caribbean Summary.doc].
 
  
−
Mennonite World Conference. <em>World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related </em><em>Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées. </em>Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 18.
+
Mennonite World Conference. ''World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées.'' Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 18.
  
 
Wikipedia. "Argentina." Web. 28 May 2013. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina].
 
Wikipedia. "Argentina." Web. 28 May 2013. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina].
−
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 1, p. 153|date=May 2013|a1_last=Bender|a1_first=Harold S.|a2_last=Enns-Rempel|a2_first=Kevin}}
+
{{GAMEO_footer|hp=Vol. 1, p. 153|date=May 2020|a1_last=Bender|a1_first=Harold S.|a2_last=Prieto-Valladares|a2_first=James Adrian}}
 +
[[Category:Countries]]

Latest revision as of 16:44, 26 January 2023

Introduction

Argentina. CIA World Factbook map, 2005
Source: Wikipedia Commons

The Argentine Republic is a Spanish-speaking republic on the Atlantic side of the Andes in the southern part of South America and is bordered by Chile to the west and south, Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, and Brazil and Uruguay to the northeast. With an area of 2,766,890 km2 (1,068,302 sq. mi.) and an estimated population in 2012 of 41,281,631, it is, next to Brazil, the second-largest country in South America.

Argentina was sparsely population by several indigenous peoples groups. The Spanish first arrived in Argentina in 1502. Independence was declared in 1816.

Argentina is a country of immigrants. Most Argentines are descended from colonial-era settlers as well as 19th and 20th century immigrants from Europe, with most coming from Italy and Spain. Argentina also has a significant Chinese population. 

In 2010, 92.1% of Argentines were Christian (the vast majority being Roman Catholic), 3.1% Agnostic, 1.9% Muslim, 1.3% Jewish, 0.9% atheist, and 0.9% Buddhist and others.

1955 Article

North American Mennonite missionaries (Mennonite Church (MC)) first entered the country in 1917 (see Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina), locating in the territory 50-150 miles (80-240 km) west of Buenos Aires, which became the heart of the Mennonite mission enterprise there. Work was established at Cosquin in the province of Cordoba in 1935, among the Indigenous in the far north Chaco territory in 1943, and in the capital city of Buenos Aires in 1949. The North American staff of the mission has averaged twenty to twenty-five people, with a church membership of 745 in 1953. The church organ was La Voz Menonita (1932-1961).

In 1948 about 150 Russian Mennonites forsook the transport en route from Germany to Paraguay while it was temporarily stalled in Buenos Aires, and settled largely in the city and its environs as day-laborers. Additions to the group from Paraguay after that time increased the total of Russian Mennonites in the country to over four hundred. Since the group lacked all church privileges, the Mennonite Central Committee, at the request of the various interested Mennonite mission boards of North America, established a religious and social center in the city in 1949, at first under the direction of Bishop Nelson Litwiller of the Argentine Mennonite Mission, but after 1950 under the direction of the minister Martin Durksen, formerly of Paraguay.

The Mennonite Bible School at Bragado, F.C.O., the Spanish training school of the Argentine Mennonite Mission, sought to serve not only the mission's own needs in Argentina, but also the Spanish training needs of the Paraguayan Mennonites.

1960s to 1990s

Political life in Argentina in the 1960s and 1970s was marked by political authoritarianism and military dictatorship. But the Roman Catholic church was beginning to move in the opposite direction, towards ecumenism, social justice, structural change and liberation, in response to reforming currents spreading from the Second Vatican Council.

The Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina (IEMA; Argentine Evangelical Mennonite Church) extended its work in Buenos Aires in the 1960s and also established mission work in the province of Río Negro. Extending the presence of Mennonite churches into Patagonia was contemplated already in 1959. An exploratory trip in 1963 led eventually to the city of Choele Choel being chosen as a good place to begin establishing a church, located as it was in the center of an agricultural area on the Río Negro river. By 1974 there were 17 families relating to the church there.

The IEMA's assembly in 1971 set a new organizational direction for the denomination. It ended the office of bishop, with pastoral functions assumed by secretaries of the different national zones, and a new confession of faith was approved. The role of missionaries also came up for discussion. Some thought that it would be best if the missionaries would focus on education, music, and leadership formation. Others were of the opinion that missionaries, by definition, should dedicate themselves to missions. Coloring these discussions was a new economic reality. In October 1970, the secretary of the Mennonite Board of Missions in the USA announced that financial support by the mission for pastoral work would be reduced to zero over a period of five years.

The movement of the Spirit in Argentina had different sources. On the one hand there was the preaching and speaking in tongues in the ministry of the Pentecostal pastor Juan Carlos Ortiz at the end of the 1960s, which shook up Protestantism in Argentina. On the other hand, the charismatic movement which began to revive the Argentine churches of the Free Brothers (Hermanos Libres), such in the case of pastors Alberto Darling and Jorge Himitian, and the case of the Baptist pastor Alberto Motessi in the 1970s, had a direct influence also in Mennonite churches. An important leader of the Mennonite church in Argentina, Nelson Litwiller, was also influenced by the charismatic renewal in the USA. In 1974 the IEMA counted 1,136 baptized members in 31 different churches.

In Argentina the military dictatorship and its “dirty war” of clandestine disappearances of civilians of the 1970s and early 1980s came to an end in 1983, following Argentina’s defeat by Great Britain in the Falklands/Malvinas war. The country subsequently moved to democratically elected civilian governments. Economic difficulties accompanied by large debt followed. Argentina followed International Monetary Fund policies by cutting funding to health and education and at the same time privatizing national resources. The results were not positive. The Argentine economy completely collapsed in 2001, and the country defaulted on its international loans. By the next year, an estimated 60 percent of Argentineans were living below the poverty line. -- Jaime Prieto Valladares

2020 Update

From 1989 to 2019 the IEMA reorganized into four regions, each one with its own organization, leadership, meetings and activities. In 2020 the following Anabaptist groups, including IEMA, were active in Argentina:

Denomination Membership

in 2009

Congregations

in 2009

Membership

in 2012

Congregations

in 2012

Membership

in 2020

Congregations

in 2020

Alianza Evangélica Menonita 42 1 38 1 33 1
Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,
Colonia del Norte 		350   480
Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,
Colonia El Algarrobal 		  14
Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,
Colonia Las Delicias 		  292
Alkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,
Colonia Pampa de los Guanacos 		630   360 376
Altkolonier Mennonitengemeinde,
Colonia Neuva Esperanza 		600 2 600 672
Eastern Pennsylvania Mennonite Church,
Argentina 		15 1
Iglesia Evangélica Menonita, Argentina 3,900 57 3,200 75 2,345 79
Iglesia Hermanos en Cristo, Argentina 75 2
Total 5,522 60 4,678 76 3,822 83

Bibliography

"Argentina." Mennonite World Conference. Web. 28 April 2020. https://mwc-cmm.org/mwc_map/country/1010.

Mennonite World Conference. "Mennonite and Brethren in Christ Churches Worldwide, 2009: Latin America & The Caribbean." 2010. Web. 28 October 2010. [Broken link].

Mennonite World Conference. World Directory = Directorio mundial = Répertoire mondial 2012: Mennonite, Brethren in Christ and Related Churches = Iglesias Menonitas, de los Hermanos en Cristo y afines = Églises Mennonites, Frères en Christ et Apparentées. Kitchener, ON: Mennonite World Conference, 2012: 18.

Wikipedia. "Argentina." Web. 28 May 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina.


Author(s) Harold S. Bender
James Adrian Prieto-Valladares
Date Published May 2020

Cite This Article

MLA style

Bender, Harold S. and James Adrian Prieto-Valladares. "Argentina." Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. May 2020. Web. 19 Apr 2024. https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Argentina&oldid=174674.

APA style

Bender, Harold S. and James Adrian Prieto-Valladares. (May 2020). Argentina. Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. Retrieved 19 April 2024, from https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Argentina&oldid=174674.



Hpbuttns.png

Adapted by permission of Herald Press, Harrisonburg, Virginia, from Mennonite Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, p. 153. All rights reserved.


©1996-2024 by the Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online. All rights reserved.

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